Age Remains Undefeated
Transcript of Age Remains Undefeated
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Age Remains Undefeated
Micah Blake McCurdyhockeyviz.com
Rochester, New YorkRIT Sports Analytics Conference
September 14, 2019
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Introduction
I How does individual impact on 5v5 shot rate change with age?
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Conclusions
I Peak age is 24
I Early career improvement in defence: selection
I Early career improvement in offence: “real”
I Late-career declines are all in defence.
I Inflection points around 31 and 34
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Conclusions
I Peak age is 24 (thrice!)
I Early career improvement in defence: selection
I Early career improvement in offence: “real”
I Late-career declines are all in defence.
I Inflection points around 31 and 34
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Total Icetime (2007-2019)
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Conclusions
I Peak age is 24
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Total Icetime (2007-2019, Forwards)
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Total Icetime (2007-2019, Defenders)
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Comers and Goers (2008-2018)
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Comers (2008-2018)
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Goers (2008-2018)
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Framing
I Player entries don’t drop off until age 24
I Non-trivial amount of leaving even at age 24
I By icetime, half of leavers are 32 or younger
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Icetime per Game (Forwards, 2007-2019)
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Icetime per Game (Defenders, 2007-2019)
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Outline
I Isolate performance from context
I Track changes from year to yearI Account for selection bias
I Leaving and entering
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Performance Isolation
I Input data is output from my 5v5 shot rate impact model(Edgar)
I Individual impact isolated from:I TeammatesI OpponentsI Zone deploymentI Score deploymentI Head coach
I Regression on maps, not numbers.I Today turn all the maps into threat
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Age Regression
The easy bit:I Every pair of consecutive seasons is an observation
I Keyed to age (cleverly massaged)I Response is the change in isolated impact
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Age Regression
The easy bit:I Every pair of consecutive seasons is an observation
I Keyed to age (cleverly massaged)I Response is the change in isolated impact
I One variable for each age between 18 and 49
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Age Regression
The hard bit:I Every entry season is an observation
I Keyed to age (as above)I Response is the absolute isolated impact in the rookie year
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Age Regression
The hard bit:I Every entry season is an observation
I Keyed to age (as above)I Response is the absolute isolated impact in the rookie year
I One “entry” variable for each age between 18 and 49
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Age Regression
The hard bit:I Every entry season is an observation
I Keyed to age (as above)I Response is the absolute isolated impact in the rookie year
I One “entry” variable for each age between 18 and 49
I Entry variables encode “how good do I have to be to makethe NHL at age x?”
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Age Regression
The hard bit:I Every exit season is an observation
I Keyed to age (as above)I Response is the absolute isolated impact in the final year
I One “exit” variable for each age between 18 and 49
I Entry variables encode “what is lost when a player leaves theleague at age x?”
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Example
Sleve McDichael has a three-season career:
ENTER AGE AGE AGE AGE EXIT20 20 21 22 23 23 ?
Entering 1 1 77Y1 to Y2 1 +1Y2 to Y3 1 −6Leaving 1 1 −72
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Fitting Notes
I Regression
I With “Ridge” penalties, since we know that physiologicalchanges are small.
I With “Fusion” penalties for adjacent years.
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Fitting Notes
I RegressionI With “Ridge” penalties, since we know that physiological
changes are small.I Bias values toward zero
I With “Fusion” penalties for adjacent years.I Bias values towards each other
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Selection Bias
I Every* career is artificially smudged before and after.
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Selection Bias
I Every* career is artificially smudged before and after.I Mitigates selection biasI Estimate strength of entering / leaving cohorts at various ages
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Selection Bias
I Every* career is artificially smudged before and after.I Data doesn’t stretch back far enough to get everybody’s
rookie yearsI Many current players aren’t finished their careers yet.
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Selection Bias
I Every* career is artificially smudged before and after.I Data doesn’t stretch back far enough to get everybody’s
rookie yearsI Many current players aren’t finished their careers yet.
I So the selection bias mitigation is affected by selection bias.
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Selection Bias
I Every* career is artificially smudged before and after.I Data doesn’t stretch back far enough to get everybody’s
rookie yearsI Many current players aren’t finished their careers yet.
I So the selection bias mitigation is affected by selection bias.I LOL
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Isolated Impact, observed by age
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Changes due to age
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Changes due to age
I Offence improves quickly early, then slows and stabilizes.
I Defence is always getting worse.
I Peak age is 24.
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“The” Aging Curve
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“The” Aging Curve
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“The” Aging Curve
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Conclusions
I Peak age is 24
I Early career improvement in defence: selection
I Early career improvement in offence: ”real”
I Late-career declines are all in defence.I Inflection points at 31 and 34
I 24-31: Gentle decline (0.4 threat per year)I 31-34: About twice as steep (0.9)I 34-40: About three times as steep (1.3)
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Conclusions
I Peak age is 24
I Early career improvement in defence: selection
I Early career improvement in offence: ”real”
I Late-career declines are all in defence.I Inflection points at 31 and 34
I 24-31: Gentle decline (0.4 threat per year)I 31-34: About twice as steep (0.9)I 34-40: About three times as steep (1.3)
I Ain’t that the truth
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Historical Work
Many, many people have tried; minute cutoffs are rife.I Younggren Twins (@EvolvingWild)
I Isolated (WAR), selection bias treatment orthogonal
I Eric Tulsky (many things)I Michael Schuckers (thanks!)
I Goalies, save % in excess of league average.
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Future Work
I Aging of shooting talent
I Aging of special teams impact
I Aging of penalty differential
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Thanks!