Age of Exploration: Impacts on Europe, The Americas & Africa.
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Transcript of Age of Exploration: Impacts on Europe, The Americas & Africa.
![Page 1: Age of Exploration: Impacts on Europe, The Americas & Africa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc81a28abf838ca85d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Age of Exploration: Impacts on Europe, The Americas & Africa
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Three Worlds Collide
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Europeans Seek New Trade Routes to ASIA
Main reason: To gain wealth Crusades spurs demand for Asian goods Muslims and Italians control trade from
East to West Other European nations want to bypass
these powers
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FOR GOD, GOLD & GLORY Desire to spread Christianity
also spurs exploration Portuguese explorer
Bartholomeu Dias wanted to serve God and king
Technology:
In 1400s, the caravel made it possible to sail against the wind
Astrolabe makes navigation easier
Magnetic compass improves tracking of direction
Ay caramba!
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Caravel
Crosshatch
Log
CompassMariner’s Astrolabe
Hourglass
Tools of Navigation
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Mariner’s Astrolabe Used to measure Latitude,
using the positions of the Sun or a well known star
A simple brass ring, marked off in graduated in degrees with a rotating blade for sighting the Sun or a star.
Not very accurate - errors of four or five degrees were common
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The Portuguese Explore Africa
Prince Henry of Portugal
1419 - founded Portuguese navigation school
By 1460, Portuguese trading posts along west coast of Africa
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Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
1488 - Dias sailed around Africa
1498, Vasco da Gama sailed to India
Returned with valuable cargo
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Portugal’s Trading Empire
1509 - Portugal defeated Muslims took over Indian Ocean trade in India & Malaysia Also control southern tip of Africa
These gains broke Muslim-Italian hold on Asian trade
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Challenges to Portuguese in Asia
English & Dutch move into Asia
Portuguese weakened
England & France move into India
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A Rival Power - Spain Spanish want access to ASIA
also
They sponsored Columbus
Idea: Sail west to reach Asia
OOPs - Found the Americas instead
IMPACT: Opened Americas to exploration and colonization
Shoulda asked for directions…
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Columbus
Columbus and the Taino meet – two worlds collide
Impact on Indigenous Populations: 1. No immunity to European diseases. 2. Whole tribes decimated.3. Brutal treatment of local peoples. Enslaved & tortured.
Fr. Bartolome de Las Casas convinced the King of Spain to halt the mistreatment of the natives.
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Impact on Africans:
Over time, Africans replace native peoples as slaves.
Slavery becomes essential part of
N & S American colonial systems
Between 1500-1800, at least 12 million people were taken from Africa.
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Impact on Europeans:
Merchants & monarchs seek to increase wealth• Thousands of Europeans voluntarily left for a
new life – for religion, land, gold, or power
• Spain, England & Portugal gain profit, land, power
• Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 : Split the New World into two between Spain and Portugal.
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Columbian Exchange: Massive exchange of plants and animals
between Europe and America.
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Spain’s New Empire
Conquistadors: Spanish explorers searched the Caribbean, Central America and South America for gold and silver.
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Hernán Cortés:
Lands in Mexico in 1513 600 men, 17 horses, ten cannons.
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3. Cortés “subdues” the Aztecs and Montezuma aided by Spanish firearms, diseases and native allies.
Tenochtitlan
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Wealth from the Americas
1. New Spain: Colony in Mexico
2. Mestizos: Mixed native and Spanish blood.
3. Encomienda: Spanish plantation system.
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Chinese Explorations Ming Dynasty- rule China
from 1368-1644
collect tribute from many Asian countries
1405 – Launch explorations
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The Voyages of Zheng He Chinese admiral Zheng He leads 7 long voyages
Distributes gifts to show China’s superiority
Chinese then turn away from exploration More concerned with threat from Mongols
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Comparison of a Chinese Junk to a Portuguese Caravel