Age of Exploration and

ColonizationAP World History

Mr. Charnley

Age of Exploration European Interest

Crusades

Mongol Empire

Ottoman Empire

Italian City-States

Silk Roads and Indian Ocean Trade

Early Efforts

10th century

Vikings

Abandoned due to hostility of native tribes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YqehGlg6m8

Age of Exploration European disadvantages

Ottoman Empire

Inferior technology

Lack of funding

Few high-demand domestic products

Rise of Europe Chinese technology

European metalworking

Cartography

Portuguese Exploration

Portugal Henry the Navigator

Academy for exploration

Gathered team of experts

Sponsored voyages to Africa

Bartholomieu Dias

1488

Cape of Good Hope

Vasco da Gamma

1498

reached India

inferior trade goods

Clashed with Muslim merchants and local Indians

India, China, Africa, Japan, Brazil

Spanish Exploration

Spain Reconquista

(1492)

Ferdinand and Isabella

Christopher Columbus 1492-1496

Sailed west to reach India and China

Mistook Caribbean Islands for East Asia

Spanish Exploration Amerigo Vespucci

1497-1504

Proved Americas were a separate land mass from Asia

Spanish Exploration

Vasco de Balboa 1510-1513

First European to reach Pacific Ocean

“South Sea”

Spanish Exploration Conquest of Mexico

1518 -20

Hernan Cortes

Defeated Aztec Empire

Spanish Exploration Ferdinand

Magellan (1519-1521) Portuguese

Straits of Magellan (Cape Horn of South America)

Crew completed first Circumnavigation of the earth

Spanish Exploration Juan Ponce De

Leon 1493: member

of Columbus’s second voyage

Expedition to Florida (1513)

Searching for Fountain of Youth

Spanish Exploration Conquest of South

America 1532

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered Incan Empire

Spanish Exploration

Hernando De Soto 1533: participated in

Spanish conquest of Incan Empire

1539 – 1543 led expeditions in southern area of present-day US

First European to cross Mississippi River

Age of Exploration

Northern Europe 17th century Religious motives

Political climate

Improved naval technology

‘Northwest Passage’

French Exploration France

Reached Canada (1534)

Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi River Valley

Jacques Cartier

1534 - 1542

St. Lawrence River

Samuel de Champlain

1603 - 1620

Lake Champlain

Great Lakes

Quebec

New France

English Exploration

Northwest Passage John Cabot

(1497) = Newfoundland

Henry Hudson (1607 – 08, 1610 - 11) = Hudson’s Bay, Hudson River

English Exploration

Sir Walter Raleigh Sponsored voyages

and colonial expeditions to North America

Colony at Roanoke Island 1585-1590 Ultimately failed Settlers disappeared

Executed in 1618 for violating truce with Spanish

English Exploration

Sir Francis Drake English privateer

Raided Spanish fleets and colonies

1579 circumnavigated the earth

1585-86 led expeditions to Roanoke Island Colony

Age of Exploration

Netherlands Independence from

Spanish Habsburgs (17th century)

Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia, Africa

Englishman Henry Hudson claimed present-day New York area for Dutch

Age of Exploration

Financing Joint-stock

companies Dutch East India

Company = China

British East India Company = India

monopoly

Age of Exploration

The Columbian Exchange

Disease

Agriculture

Livestock

European Commercialism

Battle of Lepanto (1571): Europeans became dominant naval power

Europeans set up coastal trading posts in Africa and Asia