Age of AbsolutismSpain

16.1

Objectives

1. Describe the Empire Charles V inherited2. Analyze how Spanish power increased under

Philip II

Ferdinand and Isabella to Charles Vp. 504

• Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella-Unified under one ruler -United under the Catholic religion -Gained territory in the Americas• 1516 Charles I takes throne of Spain-Included Hapsburg Empire (HRE + Netherlands)-Charles V

Charles V p.505

• Constant war vs. Protestants and Turks-ended with German princes choosing religion- Ottomans - Mediterranean/outside Austria• Charles V –left throne for Monastic life (1556)• Spain, Neth., S. Italy, Americas to Philip (son)• C. Europe – Ferdinand (brother)

Philip II 1556-1598p. 505

• Strengthened Church power; expanded Spain’s influence

• Inherited from Charles V Spain• colonies=RICH• RICH=what?-Large standing army

Centralizing Power

• Focused majority of energy on work• Ruled as absolute monarch -complete authority over govt. and lives of people• Divine Right – authority from God • Guardian of Roman Catholic Church - wanted

to turn back Protestants

Military and Spending

• Lepanto (1571) for the Pope against the Ottomans

• Spanish Armada against Protestants 1588• Escorial• All start to drain resources/decrease power of

Spain

Escorial $$

Dealings with the Dutchp. 507

• Problems with the Spanish-Religion, economy• Revolt of 1566 • Went against high taxes and autocratic Spanish rule-Massacre of Protestants• William of Orange (Prince of Orange) • 1574 floods (Second Siege of Leiden)• 1581 declared indep. w/ the English help • 1648 – official recognition as the Dutch Netherlands

Dutch

More Dutch

• Republic instead of monarchy• Built trade empire• Dutch Art=Best of Europe-Rembrandt and Vermeer

Battles with England

• Elizabeth I reinstituted Protestantism from Mary

• Moderate in dealings w/ religion and politics.• Phillip II v. Elizabeth-Armada unsuccessful

Decline of Spainp. 507-508

• Decrease early 1600• Less able rulers following Philip II• Expensive Wars• Money problems – utilized treasure from

Americas, neglect commerce • Decline of Middle Class with expulsion of

Muslims and Jews• Increase of Dutch, English, and French power