AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Transcript of AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Frank O’Brien
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Necessary Background
• Overview of Saturn V Instrument Unit
• Apollo Guidance Computer / DAP
• Flight controls in the Apollo CM
• Abort Boundaries
• Saturn V takeover options
• Crew Simulator Experience
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Instrument Unit
IU being lowered on top of S-IVB
All components located along inside wall of IU
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Saturn Instrument Unit
• All booster guidance and control
• Platform: 3-axis stabilized, ST-124M
• Launch Vehicle Digital Computer– Single thread programming– “Time Bases” define mission phases– Triply Redundant– 32Kx28 bits, serial bus, 82us add time
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Apollo CM Flight Controls
• Apollo Guidance Computer– DSKY– P11: Boost Monitor– Digital Autopilot
• Flight Director Attitude Indicator
• Main Console Switches
• Rotational Hand Controller
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Apollo Guidance Computer
• Fully multiprogramming, interrupt driven
• Primary G&C interface
• Intuitive user interface– Verb-Noun communication language
• Verbs: Action to be taken• Nouns: Data to be acted on by Verb
• Boost Monitor: Program 11
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Display and Keyboard (DSKY)
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
AGC Digital Autopilot
• Fully implemented in software
• DAP runs continuously in background
• Input parameters– Spacecraft configuration, weight– Attitude deadband– RCS Jet preferences
• Takeover configuration preloaded
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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AGC Program 11
• Independently monitors boost phase
• Calculates attitude errors– Displayed on FDAI error needles
• Displays velocity, altitude and H-dot
• Optionally displays orbital parameters
• (!) Is able to assume Saturn V takeover
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Flight Director Attitude Indicator
• Primary spacecraft attitude indicator
• Modeled after traditional “8-ball”
• 4” ball with attitude markings
• Attitude error needles across face– Not unlike pilot’s ILS needles
• Rotational rate pointer along sides
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Flight Director Attitude Indicator
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Apollo CM Console Switches
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Apollo CM Console Switches
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Boost Monitor Cue Card
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Saturn V Takeover
• LV Guidance light– LVDC detects an unrecoverable error
• LV Rate light– Excessive launch vehicle rates
• Pitch, Yaw > 5 deg/sec, Roll > 20 deg/sec
• Note: Abort region varies– T-0 -> T+120 sec - Pitch, yaw: 4 deg/sec– Remainder of boost - Pitch, yaw: 9 deg/sec
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Takeover Options (1)
• LVDC failure during Open Loop guidance– Abort! (Automatic)– No Time-Tilt routine in AGC– No means to stage S-1C/S-II– Simulator experience
• Bending, sloshing, shear difficult to control
– Insufficient control authority for gimbal hardover
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Takeover Options (2)
• Much easier in Closed Loop guidance• LV Guidance light
– Switch to CMC from IU control– Manual S-II / S-IVB staging required
• LV Rate light– Usually with LV Guid light– Possibly gimbal hardover or LVDC failure– DSKY Verb 46 to enable manual control
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Manual Control Complications
• Saturn V is hardly a rigid body• Bending Moment
– Flexible structure, especially S-1C– Manual control authority during Time Base
1 and 2 may exceed max bending moment
• Propellant Sloshing– Significant for S-1C LOX & RP-1, S-II LOX
• Aerodynamics / wind shear
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
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Simulation of Manual Control
• High-fidelity simulator built at Ames
• Performance criteria (earth orbit)– Delta H 1 Nautical Mile– Delta H-dot45 feet/sec– Delta V 10 Feet/sec
• Simulated performance well within criteria!
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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster
Infoage Science/History Learning Center
Backup (NASA NTRS)
• AC Delco Apollo 15 G&C manual• AS-503 Flight Manual• Astronics Systems of Saturn LV’s• Astronics Systems Handbook/Saturn LV• Description of Saturn G&C• Saturn 1B / V Astronics systems• Saturn V Manual Guidance• Saturn V LVDC Description• Apollo CSM Operations Handbook, Vol. 1