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The Geography of

Africa

By: Eleanor JoyceCity of Salem Schools


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Main Ideas

Fertile soil along the Nile River encouragedthe rise of great civilizations (ex Egy!t"

#any geogra!hic features in $frica have!revented contact% trade & unity among!eo!les

#any of these same features limit Euro!ean

'noledge of $frica )the *ar' Continent+


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Physical Geography

PHYSICAL

FEATURES

Sahara *esert

smooth coastline lac' of naviga,le rivers

-reat Rift .alley

high !lateau

RESULT

-rou!s are 'e!tse!arate / /

011 different languagesare s!o'en in modern$frica


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eser!

eser!

Rainfores!

Sa"anna


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Blac' line shos the -reat

Rift .alley


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2his is hat $frica illloo' li'e in a,out one

million years Notice thatthe 3ersian -ulf doesnot exist and the horn of$frica is a se!arate!eninsula 2his is caused,y the movement of

tectonic !lates


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i"ersi!y leads !o I#perialis#

Ra materials and resources lead toEuro!ean interest in $frica

$frica4s geogra!hical divisions !revents the

$fricans from coo!erating to resist


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Interesting Statistics

5nd largest continent/ /66%711%111 s8uaremiles9

2hat4s 515 of theearth

$nd ;x the size of the


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Topography

eser!s >1 of the land surface of $frica slos cultural diffusion / does not totally !revent it

Sahara $$ %or!h Africa 6?; of the continent (@ to the


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eser! spreads in!o se#i$arid

regions

3 r o , l e m : * e s e r t i f i c a t i o n

m a l n u t r i t i o n s t a r v a t i o n ! o v e r t y

S a h e l * e s e r t

( s o u t h S a h a r a "


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eser!ifica!ion $ Ca'ses

Farmers use semi/arid land next to desert /yields !oor cro!

vergrazing ,y cattle and goats

vercutting of trees for fireood

ith no grass or tree roots% the to!soil ,losith no grass or tree roots% the to!soil ,los

aay% the desert advancesaay% the desert advances


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Sol'!ions

Cro! rotation

2erracing to !revent soil from ashing aay

2ree ,elts to sto! erosion and hold soil in!lace


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Mo'n!ains

East $frica/ caused ,y volcanic activity section of the land san' / causing the -reat Rift

.alley $tlas (N" *ra'ens,erg (SE"

Ethio!ian Dighlands Famous !ea's / #t enya & #t ilimanAaro


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$tlas #ountains

Ethio!ian Dighlands

*ra'ens,urg#ountains

#t ilamanAaro


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Ri"ers

*e!th varies de!ending on the season/if it4sthe rainy season or the dry season

3lateaus !revent easy navigation due to

ater falls 2herefore% the interior of $frica remained2herefore% the interior of $frica remained

largely unex!loredlargely unex!lored


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Can you name the

rivers

Congo

NileNiger

Gam,ezi
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutline.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutlineMap.html&h=600&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphysical%2Bmap%2B%2522Africa%2522%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutline.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutlineMap.html&h=600&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphysical%2Bmap%2B%2522Africa%2522%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutline.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutlineMap.html&h=600&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphysical%2Bmap%2B%2522Africa%2522%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutline.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutlineMap.html&h=600&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphysical%2Bmap%2B%2522Africa%2522%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DNhttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutline.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.washburn.edu/cas/history/stucker/AfricaOutlineMap.html&h=600&w=600&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphysical%2Bmap%2B%2522Africa%2522%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


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>%601 miles long (orld4s longest99"

flos NR2D

Source / / Ha'e .ictoria

*elta / / Egy!t

Floods annually ne of the most densely !o!ulated region in

$frica


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aterfalls and ra!ids !revent easy navigation

Congo / ;111 miles long Niger / ancient civilizations flourished here

Gam,ezi / .ictoria Falls% used for hydro/

electric !oer


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Coas!line

Smooth coastline

Fe natural har,ors / hard to land shi!s

Narro continental shelf


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Cli#a!e $ de!er#ined )y

rainfall* la!i!'de and ele"a!ion Savanna / >1 of the land% safari99

2ro!ical Rainforest / 0 of the land%

*esert / >1 of the land

#editerranean / 65 of the land% good farmland

$,out 0= of the land is not suited to farming$,out 0= of the land is not suited to farming


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%a!'ral Reso'rces

Farming !eanuts% cotton% cocoa% coffee

#inerals diamonds% gold% co!!er% co,alt

ater hydroelectric !oer


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iseases in Africa

2ro!ical climate creates incu,ator for disease

3overty s!reads disease !olluted ater o!en seers ,athing in !arasite infected ater !oor medical care


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iseases in Africa

E,ola Ence!halitis -uinea orm Slee!ing sic'ness $ids #alaria

Heishmaniasis% a !arasitic diseasetransmitted ,y the sand fly% is almost alaysfatal if left untreated


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iseases in Africa

E,ola/ is one of the deadliest viruses in theorld% 'illing u! to I1 of its victims in days

2he disease ,egins ith high fever% diarrhea%

,leeding from the nose and gums% and caneventually induce massive internalhemorrhages


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iseases in Africa

African Sleeping Sic+ness

,Trypanoso#iasis- .2his disease occurs inseveral countries of Central and East $frica

#ost ris' to tourists occurs hen visitinggame !ar's 2ravelers to rural areas shouldta'e measures to !revent insect (tsetse fly",ites


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iseases in Africa

Ar)o"iral Fe"ers .Fe if any cases ofdengue are re!orted from North $fricaSandfly fever is idely distri,uted% es!ecially

in Egy!t% Hi,ya% and 2unisia Rift .alley feverand est Nile fever are significant ris's inEgy!t


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iseases in Africa

Cholera occurs in areas ith inade8uatesanitation% such as ur,an slums and ruralareas 2ravelers should consider vaccination

3revention consists !rimarily in adhering tosafe food and drin' guidelines


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iseases in Africa

#any diseases are carried ,y mos8uito ,ites% rodent,ites or tic' ,ites

orld Ban' officials say diarrhea causes the deaths

of more than 011 111 $frican children each year#any of the deaths are in est $frica% hereintestinal illnesses claim more young lives thanmalaria or $*S

3rograms are in !lace that encourage !eo!le toash their hands ith soa! after using the toilet


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iseases in Africa

-uinea orm -uinea orm disease is caused ,y a threadli'e!arasitic orm that gros and matures in !eo!leorms gro u! to ; feet long and are as ide asa !a!er cli! ire

3eo!le get infected hen they drin' standingater containing a tiny ater flea that is infectedith the even tinier larvae of the -uinea orm

nside the human ,ody% the larvae mature%groing as long as ; feet $fter a year% the orm

emerges through a !ainful ,lister in the s'in%causing long/term suffering and sometimescri!!ling after/effects


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G'inea /or#
http://www.who.int/archives/who50/images/guinea.jpg


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G'inea /or#


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G'inea /or#


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Sleeping Sic+ness


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Sleeping Sic+ness

$frican slee!ing sic'ness affects as many as=11%111 !eo!le% 01 !ercent of homeventually die% and the ,ite of the fly causes

more than K> ,illion in economic lossesannually

2he tsetse fly has turned much of the fertile

$frican landsca!e into an uninha,ited Lgreendesert%L s!reading slee!ing sic'ness // and'illing ; million livestoc' animals every year


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AIDS

IN AFRICA


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AIDS IN AFRICA

Two orphaned children stand next to the

graves of their parents who died from

the AIDS virus.

An infected mother with her child

who has the disease as well.


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!" of the world#s estimated$! million people living with

%I&'AIDS are located in

Su()Saharan Africa.


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Su()Saharan Africa is home to*!" of the world#s

%I& infected children.


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+f ,! children (orn in

su()Saharan Africa)-! will acuire the virus

simpl/ (/ (eing (orn)$ will (e infected from (reast

feeding .


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0ost of these children will notlive to see their 1th(irthda/s.


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-2 million African childrenhave (een orphaned due to the

AIDS virus.


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- million Africans have

alread/ died since the

epidemic (egan in

the late -*!#s.


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In recent /ears the government(udget for %ealth care per person

in 3en/a has dropped from

4*.1! to less than 4,.!!.


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5ithin -! /ears the average

life expectanc/ in -- countriesin Africa will drop (elow $! as

%I&'AIDS continues toshorten life spans.

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