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AFRICA’S ECONOMIC AFRICA’S ECONOMIC CONDITIONS:CONDITIONS:
IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPLICATIONS FOR ADPED’S MISSIONADPED’S MISSION
Presented At The ADPED’s Meeting of
March 8, 2003
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Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States adapted from Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States, World Health Report 2002
Country Total population (000) 2001 Annual growth rate (%) 1991 -
2001
Doubling Time in years
Dependency ratio (per 100) 2001
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Both sexes 2000
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Both sexes 2001
Niger 11226 3.5 20.0 108 42.4 42.5
Somalia 9156 2.4 29.2 102 43.3 43.1
Angola 13527 3.2 21.9 104 36.4 36.1
Uganda 24022 3.0 23.3 108 45.8 46.4
Mali 11676 2.6 26.9 101 45 45.2
Liberia 3107 4.0 17.5 83 45.6 46.2
Ethiopia 64458 2.8 25.0 93 47.5 48
Burundi 6501 1.2 58.3 100 40.8 40.4
Burkina Faso 11855 2.5 28.0 108 42.8 42.9Democratic Republic of the Congo 52521 3.2 21.9 108 44 43.8
Chad 8134 3.1 22.6 99 48.2 48.6
Malawi 11571 1.8 38.9 97 36.6 36.3
Sierra Leone 4587 1.1 63.6 90 32.8 34.2
Congo 3109 3.1 22.6 99 52.7 52.9
Sao Tome and Principe 140 1.8 38.9 77 64 64.3
Mozambique 18644 2.9 24.1 89 45.2 44.8
Guinea-Bissau 1226 2.4 29.2 89 47.3 47.3
Mauritania 2746 3.0 23.3 90 51.9 52
Guinea 8273 2.7 25.9 88 51.4 51.9
Djibouti 643 2.2 31.8 87 49 49.3
Equatorial Guinea 469 2.7 25.9 91 53.5 53.7
Rwanda 7948 2.1 33.3 88 41.3 40.7
Madagascar 16436 2.9 24.1 91 54.7 54.8
Benin 6445 3.0 23.3 95 52.1 52.1
Zambia 10648 2.5 28.0 98 37 36.8
Nigeria 116928 2.8 25.0 92 51.6 51.6
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Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States adapted from Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States, World Health Report 2002
Country Total population (000) 2001 Annual growth rate (%) 1991 -
2001
Doubling Time in years
Dependency ratio (per 100) 2001
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Both sexes 2000
Life expectancy at birth (years)
Both sexes 2001
Nigeria 116928 2.8 25.0 92 51.6 51.6
Togo 4656 2.8 25.0 90 51.8 51.7
Eritrea 3815 2.0 35.0 88 44.7 53.6
Gabon 1261 2.7 25.9 86 59.1 59.3
Senegal 9661 2.5 28.0 87 55.6 55.8
United Republic of Tanzania 35964 2.9 24.1 89 46.5 46.5
Comoros 726 3.0 23.3 83 61.6 61.8
Central African Republic 3781 2.3 30.4 89 42.7 42.7
Namibia 1787 2.3 30.4 90 50.6 48.8
Gambia 1337 3.3 21.2 76 58.3 58.5
Côte d'Ivoire 16348 2.3 30.4 81 46.2 45.9
Cameroon 15202 2.4 29.2 87 50.5 49.7
Zimbabwe 12851 2.0 35.0 93 37.7 36.8
Sudan 31809 2.3 30.4 77 56.6 55.9
Lesotho 2057 1.8 38.9 77 41.9 40
Swaziland 937 1.8 38.9 82 42.1 40.2
Ghana 19733 2.4 29.2 78 57.3 57.4
Kenya 31292 2.5 28.0 84 49.7 48.9
Botswana 1553 2.0 35.0 81 41.1 39.1
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5407 2.1 33.3 58 70 70.4
Cape Verde 436 2.3 30.4 77 69.2 69.5
Morocco 30430 1.9 36.8 62 69.3 69.4
Egypt 69079 1.9 36.8 64 66.3 66.5
Algeria 30841 1.9 36.8 62 68.9 69.4
South Africa 43791 1.7 41.2 60 51.2 49
Tunisia 9561 1.4 50.0 53 70.9 71.1
Mauritius 1170 0.9 77.8 46 71.3 71.1
Seychelles 81 1.4 50.0 46 70.9 71.1
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Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in Africa estimates for 2001 Category Type Disease Total % of deaths Cumulative
I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
HIV/AIDS 2196956 21% 21%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Respiratory infections Lower respiratory infections
1025455 10% 30%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Malaria 962736 9% 39%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Diarrhoeal diseases 702822 7% 46%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Childhood diseases 695187 7% 52%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Perinatal conditions Perinatal conditions 576278 5% 58%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Measles 426743 4% 62%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Tuberculosis 335142 3% 65%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular
diseasesIschaemic heart disease
333350 3% 68%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular
diseasesCerebrovascular disease
306995 3% 71%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Maternal conditions Maternal conditions 239850 2% 73%III. Injuries Unintentional Road traffic accidents 179274 2% 75%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Pertussis 157196 1% 76%III. Injuries Intentional War 121446 1% 77%III. Injuries Intentional Violence 116557 1% 78%II. Noncommunicable conditions Respiratory diseases Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease116045 1% 80%
I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Tetanus 109810 1% 81%III. Injuries Unintentional Other unintentional
injuries105482 1% 82%
I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
STDs excluding HIV 102409 1% 82%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Nutritional deficiencies Protein-energy malnutrition
101104 1% 83%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Syphilis 98568 1% 84%III. Injuries Unintentional Drowning 92271 1% 85%II. Noncommunicable conditions Diseases of the
genitourinary systemNephritis/nephrosis 80179 1% 86%
II. Noncommunicable conditions Digestive diseases Cirrhosis of the liver 69137 1% 87%II. Noncommunicable conditions Congenital
abnormalitiesCongenital abnormalities
67186 1% 87%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Liver cancer 63693 1% 88%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Tropical diseases 63029 1% 88%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Cervix uteri cancer 59140 1% 89%II. Noncommunicable conditions Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus 54486 1% 89%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular
diseasesHypertensive heart disease
54272 1% 90%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Infectious and parasitic diseases
Trypanosomiasis 48813 0% 90%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Prostate cancer 45164 0% 91%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Lymphomas, multiple
myeloma39291 0% 91%
II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Breast cancer 38054 0% 92%III. Injuries Unintentional Poisoning 37414 0% 92%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Stomach cancer 37063 0% 92%II. Noncommunicable conditions Nutritional/endocrine
disordersNutritional/endocrine disorders
36516 0% 93%III. Injuries Unintentional Fires 36376 0% 93%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular
diseasesInflammatory heart disease
34076 0% 93%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Mouth and oropharynx
cancers33497 0% 94%
II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular diseases
Rheumatic heart disease
28734 0% 94%III. Injuries Intentional Self-inflicted 28658 0% 94%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Oesophagus cancer 26924 0% 94%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Colon/rectum cancer 26093 0% 95%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional
Nutritional deficiencies Vitamin A deficiency 24337 0% 95%
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Area( ´ 000 km)
1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997
Algeria 2382 29.5 1490 107 38 69 4.4 1.3
Angola 1247 11.6 340 74 47 48 111.1 7.6
Benin 113 5.7 380 76 63 56 3.6 5.6
Bostwana 600 1.5 3260 112 30 51 8.7 6.9
Burinka Faso 274 11.1 240 39 81 47 2.3 5.5
Burundi 28 6.4 180 49 65 48 31.2 0.4
Cameroon 475 13.9 650 85 37 57 1.5 5.1
Cape Verde 4 0.4 1090 135 28 66 8.7 3
Central
African Rep
Chad 1284 6.7 240 65 52 48 5.6 6.5
Comoros 2 0.7 400 73 43 58 1.9 0
Congo 342 2.7 660 111 26 51 8.3 -1.9Congo, Dem. Rep 2345 48 110 70 23 54 175.5 -5.7
Côte d´ I voire 323 14.3 690 71 60 52 5.6 6
Djibouti 22 0.6 .. 39 54 51 3.7 2.4
Eqypt 1001 64.5 1180 102 49 67 4.6 5.1
40 49 1.1 5.1623 3.4 320 60
CountryPopulat. Mllions
GNP per Capita (US$/ $EU)
Primary School Enrolmen
Adult I lliteracy Rate (% )
Life Expectancy (Years/ Ans)
CPI I nflation (% )
GDP Growth (% )
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Area( ´ 000 km)
1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997
Equat. Guinea 28 0.4 1050 .. 22 51 3 76.1
Eritrea 118 3.4 210 54 50 51 .. 7.9
Ethiopia 1104 60.1 110 43 65 51 -3.7 5.6
Gabon 268 1.1 4230 .. 37 56 4 4.1
Gambia 11 1.1 350 78 61 48 2.8 0.8
Ghana 239 18.3 370 76 36 59 27.9 4.2
Ghinea 246 7.6 570 50 64 47 1.9 4.8
Guinea Bissau 36 1.1 240 70 45 44 49.1 5
Kenya 583 28.4 330 84 22 56 12 2.1
Lesotho 30 2.1 670 97 29 59 8.8 6.2
Liberia 111 2.5 .. 33 62 55 10 ..
Libya 1760 5.8 .. 112 24 66 25 2.4
Madagascar 587 15.8 250 73 58 59 4.5 3.6
Malawi 119 10.1 220 133 44 41 9.1 5.1
Mali 1240 11.5 260 37 69 49 -0.4 6.7
Mauritania 1031 2.4 450 83 62 54 4.6 5.1
Maurutius 2 1.1 3800 107 17 72 6.9 5
Morocco 447 27.5 1250 84 56 67 0.9 -2
Mozambique 802 18.3 90 62 60 48 5.5 12.4
Namibia 823 1.6 2220 131 56 56 8.8 1.8
Basic Indicators on African Countries - Comparison
CountryPopulat. Mllions
GNP per Capita (US$/ $EU)
Primary School Enrolmen
Adult I lliteracy Rate (% )
Life Expectancy (Years/ Ans)
CPI I nflation (% )
GDP Growth (% )
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Area( ´ 000 km)
1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997
Namibia 823 1.6 2220 131 56 56 8.8 1.8
Niger 1267 9.8 200 29 86 49 2.9 3.4
Nigeria 924 118.4 260 87 43 53 8.2 3.9
Rwanda 26 5.9 210 94 40 43 12 10.9
Sao Tome
&Principe
Senegal 196 8.8 550 69 67 52 1.7 5.2
Seychelles 0.3 0.1 6880 .. 72 .. 0.7 4.3
Sierra Leone 72 4.4 .. 52 69 39 13.7 -20.2
Somalia 638 10.2 .. 8 .. 50 16.3 ..
South Africa 1220 43.3 3400 116 18 66 8.6 1.7
Sudan 2506 27.9 280 53 54 56 46.7 4.6
Swaziland 17 0.9 1440 129 23 61 18.3 3
Tanzania 945 31.5 210 66 32 52 16.1 3.4
Togo 57 4.3 330 133 48 51 8.6 2.8
Tunisia 164 9.3 2090 114 33 70 3.6 5.4
Uganda 236 20.8 330 74 38 43 7.1 5.4
Zambia 753 8.5 380 88 22 44 24.8 3.5
Zimbabwe 391 11.7 750 113 15 49 18.8 3.2
Africa 30060 758.4 677 80 44 54 13.7 3.4
Source: ADB
69 .. 71.3 11 0.1 270 ..
Basic Indicators on African Countries - Comparison
CountryPopulat. Mllions
GNP per Capita (US$/ $EU)
Primary School Enrolmen
Adult I lliteracy Rate (% )
Life Expectancy (Years/ Ans)
CPI I nflation (% )
GDP Growth (% )
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GIVING DATA A HUMAN FACE
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Africa’s Economic Condition Micah Cheserem, Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, May 1996
Only continent with endemic food-deficit problem. Africa has twenty of the world’s thirty poorest nations Inadequate social services in education, health, legalHighest mortality rates (Life expectancy=50 years) Heavily indebted-US $210bn=83% of GNP or 255%of receipts from goods and services.
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Africa’ s Economic Condition-Solution Micah Cheserem, Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, May 1996
Move our economies away from command to market based regimes..
Privatize as much as possible to allow efficient allocation of economic resources.
Encourage regional trading blocks like the East Africa Co-operation, (EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
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THE POVERTY MYTHS
Myth 1- Africa is poor, therefore all Africans live in poverty
Myth 2- Poverty is only a third world problem The poor live unhappy, miserable lives People and communities are poor because they lack
resources The poor lack the organizational skills to initiate and
manage their own development The poor are unable to help themselves Hence foreign aid and assistance- the key to reducing
poverty
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ADPED’S PERSPECTIVE ON AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
Poor and corrupt leadership Quantitative & qualitative poverty in Africa Qualitative poverty in Africa Diaspora Diaspora Africans- lowest strata of social,
economic, health and political distribution Africa’s massive human capital flight Over-centralization of power & resource control
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ADPED’S PERSPECTIVES
Non-sustainable economic & political units Ethnic & linguistic barriers to integration Powerlessness of the poor Poor local institutional capacities= Inadequate home-grown policy instruments= Inappropriate foreign-mandated macro-economic policies
(ex. SAP, privatization)
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Accentuate the Positive
Incremental institutionalization of democracy Macro-economic data underestimate non-market
economic activities Role of social capital, and non-monetary transactions Growing strengths of CSO, CBOs Regional integration (ECA, ECOWAS) Ex. Common monetary union in ECOWAS (2004) NEPAD & New Africa Union Move towards market-based reforms
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ADPED’S CORE VALUES
Humans are progress-seeking Poverty in Africa has global implications Continent’s problems are complex Foreign aid- stop-gap measures during crisis Most communities are endowed for self-reliant
development Development must capitalize these endowment Simplistic, linear solution non-sustainable Holistic/systems approach to development Empowerment through decentralized grassroots
development
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ADPED’S SOLUTION
Empower the poor to take control Local level & Indigenous Institution-building Partnerships and strategic alliances Mobilize Africa’s human capital and goodwill in
the Diaspora Assisted self-reliant, community-led
development Implement model/enclave/demo projects
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Associates’ Responsibilities
A commitment/passion for helping Sacrifice time, resources, and or talents Focus on others rather than self-gain Propagate ADPED’s ideals Develop linkages with local and external
individuals and institutions Develop a global worldview
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PARTING WORDS OF INSPIRATION
“The human being is an open possibility, incomplete and incompletable” Karl Jasper, 1923
“All humanity is bound is together by indispensable ties” “We are what we attend to; the sum total of what we attend to over
time is our life” M. Csikszentmihalyi.
Ex. An alcoholic attends to alcohol, a workaholic attends to work, a philanthropist attends to others’ needs
“Hundred years from now, it wont matter what car we drove, what houses we lived in, or how much we left in our bank accounts, but the world might be a different place by the little gesture of love and kindness extended to a fellow human being”
“He/She who lights someone else’s path walks not in darkness”
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PROPOSED ADPED’S LOGO
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PROPOSED ADPED’S LOGO