African Trading States
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Transcript of African Trading States
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African Trading States
Swahili States, Great
Zimbabwe, Mali, and Songhay
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Geography
Savannas-vast stretches of grasslands
Tropical rain forests- receive over 100 inches of rain a year and include areas of jungle
Jungles- dense tangles of plants and trees that grow wherever sunlight reaches
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Lakes Lake Chad Lake Victoria-
the source of the Nile in southern Uganda
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Lake Victoria
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Victoria Falls
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Bantu Bantu originated
in west-central Sub-Saharan Africa
Linguists have determined the migration of Sub-Saharan people by following the growth of Bantu
Sub-Saharan Africa
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The Power
of Words The history and
culture of Africa has been discovered through oral traditions.
Storytelling, poems, and songs passed by word of mouth.
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• End of Aksum kingdom, 700s A.D.
• Major African trading states emerged 700s A.D.
• Gold, ivory, hides, tortoise shells, and imported porcelain and weapons and sold slaves
Where we left off…
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The Price of Ivory
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Poaching as seen from the air
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Swahili• Muslim settlers
from Persia and Arabia
• Swahili emerged in East Africa
• Spoke a Bantu language with Persian and Arabic influences
• Cities: Mogadishu, Pate and MombasaLadysmith Black Mambazo
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Trade Emerges• Gold trade went from central Africa to the coast
• Tribes competed for control of the mining and trade of gold
• Shona gained control of trade and mines
• Great Zimbabwe- Shona fortress
African Woman Adorned in Gold
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Shona Medici
ne Man
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Great Enclosure in Zimbabwe
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West Africa• Important to control
trade routes in Sahara (gold, salt)
• Gold-for-salt exchange prominent in West Africa
• Rulers led elaborate ceremonies and administered justice
Salt Caravan
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Modest vs. Elaborate
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African Christian Kingdoms• Christian
kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia resisted Muslim encroachment
• Practiced Coptic version of Christianity
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Ghana• Est. 300s A.D. in
Sahel grasslands of Africa
• Converted to Islam in the 10th century
• First great west African empire
• Took part in gold-for-salt trade and developed agriculture on the Niger River
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Ghanaian Kings• Powerful and
wealthy• Ghana peaked
around A.D. 1050• Most powerful kings,
Tunka Manin, ruled 1067 A.D.
• Manin led 200,000 warriors
• 1076 Berbers launched jihad into African grasslands (Mali)
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Sudanic States
• Effective control of subordinate societies and control of their sovereignty defines an empire
• Ghana, Mali, and Songhay fit that
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Mali• Mali, created by Malinke
in 13th century• Agricultural, Islamicized,
and depended on gold reserves
• Juula- Malinke merchants• Sundiata, founder of
Mali’s empire was celebrated by griots, Malian story tellers and Ibn Battuta
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Mali• Region was once Ghana
and upper Niger River• Peaked under Mansa
Mūsā in early 1300s• Mansa Mūsā took
pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324
• Mūsā favored education and built a university in Timbuktu => succession dispute
• 1468 A.D. Sonni ‘Alī took over and set up Songhai kingdom
Mansa Mūsā
Sonni ‘Alī
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Jenne Mosque in Timbuktu
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Present-day Timbuktu
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Ancient Mali
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Songhai• Sonni ‘Alī expanded the
kingdom extensively• Military, territory,
education, and buildings
• Mohammed I Askia- heir
• Under Askia, Timbuktu became major trading center
• Declined after Askia’s death due to tribal warfare
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Niger River