African-American African-American ProgressivesProgressives

Honors United States History8.3

Turn of the Century Black Turn of the Century Black AmericaAmerica

•Jim Crow Laws

•Poll Taxes

•Literacy Tests

•Segregated Facilities

•Social Practices

•Sharecropping

Enforcement of Jim CrowEnforcement of Jim Crow

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• White-Controlled Politicians and Law Enforcement

• Ku Klux Klan• Lynching

Birth of a Nation (1915) Birth of a Nation (1915)

The Minstrel ShowThe Minstrel Show

Reinforces and popularizes

black stereotypes

through entertainment.

Fighting Back – Booker T. Fighting Back – Booker T. WashingtonWashington

•Worked to establish vocational training for African-Americans.

•Thought it was too soon for African-Americans to expect full political rights.

•Worked openly with the white establishment.

•Founded Tuskegee Institute.

Fighting Back – W.E.B. Fighting Back – W.E.B. DuBoisDuBois

• Demanded full political rights for blacks immediately.

• First African-American to earn a PhD from Harvard

• Wanted a classical education for African-Americans

• Niagra Movement• Helped found the

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

• Urban League

Fighting Back – Marcus Fighting Back – Marcus GarveyGarvey

• Black Nationalist who preached self-reliance

• Founded the Back-to-Africa Movement (Liberia)

• Advocated for black segregation and racial purity.

• Founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Reducing PrejudiceReducing Prejudice

• Anti-Defamation League– Protects Jews and others from attacks

• Mexican Americans– PLM– mutualistas

• Native Americans– Society of American Indians

• Asian Americans– Takao Ozawa - 1922