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AFRICA REGIONAL FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT … · Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa...
Transcript of AFRICA REGIONAL FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT … · Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa...
Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
Saurabh Sinha
17 - 19 May 2017
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AFRICA REGIONAL
FORUM ON
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ensuring inclusive and sustainable
growth and prosperity for all
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Sustainable Development
Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
1. Facts
2. Challenges
3. Opportunities
4. Policy Recommendations
Structure of the presentation
1. FACTS
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Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
Poverty in Africa has declined sharply since 2002, but much more
slowly overall than in other regions - largely because of little
decline in the 1990s.
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1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2013
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East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribeean
Middle East and North Africa South Asia Africa other than North Africa
Africa other than North Africa
Even though poverty headcount ratio has declined by more than a
quarter since 2002,
• the number of poor people is stagnant since 2002 and
• more than half the world’s poor people are in Africa.
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Non-monetary indicators of poverty
• Under-five mortality has reduced from 180 deaths per 1,000 live births
in 1990 to 83 in 2015 with a decisive acceleration since 2000 -
estimated to have saved the lives of 48 million children under-five.
• Child stunting rates are declining steadily, but the absolute number of
stunted children has increased since 2000. Nutrition-related factors still
contribute to about 45 percent of child deaths under age 5.
• Primary school enrolment has improved significantly. The percentage
of countries reporting at least 80 percent enrolment rates increased
from 31 percent in 2000 to 70 percent in 2015.
• Gender equality in primary school enrolment has been achieved,
although parity in higher levels of education and in labour markets has
had a much slower progress.
2. CHALLENGES
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Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
Depth of poverty - The poor in Africa, on average, live much further
below the extreme poverty threshold.
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Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
World average 8.8
High inequality – Average inequality in Africa is high and hampers
the poverty-reducing effect of economic growth
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Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
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Mis-match between growth sectors and employment creation
Sustainable Development
Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
Nearly 50% of Africa’s labour force still works in agriculture
Sub-region
Women Men
Agriculture Industry Services Agriculture Industry Services
Central Africa65.9 7.7 26.0 58.4 10.2 30.2
Eastern Africa78.1 4.2 17.4 73.5 7.0 19.0
North Africa40.4 12.9 46.6 24.5 28.3 47.0
Southern Africa34.9 9.0 45.7 29.0 24.3 42.9
Western Africa43.4 9.9 44.8 51.7 12.2 34.0
Africa52.5 8.7 36.1 47.4 16.4 34.6
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Sustainable Development
Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
35%
Working Age Population
60%
Total Unemployed
High youth unemployment rates – Youth in Africa constitute
but
Most youth and women in vulnerable employment – over 70% of workers in many countries
(e.g. Ethiopia, Benin, Uganda, Zambia, Ghana) in vulnerable employment
Africa’s demographic transition is delayed – Africa has the fastest rate
of population growth in the world (2.6% per year), limiting its potential
to unlock the demographic dividend
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Africa Asia Europe LAC Northern America Oceania
Pe
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1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015
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3. OPPORTUNITIES
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Inequality is declining in many countries and important lessons can
be learnt from these experiences
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Eradicating all Forms of Poverty in Africa
The share of manufacturing in GDP has grown 3.5 per cent, orfaster than the global average, and manufacturing exports havedoubled in recent years. Thus,
• Intra-African trade of manufactured goods could be an importantcontributor to reducing poverty in Africa
• In addition, enhancing local economic development andentrepreneurship, and promoting the green economy can lead tojobs creation and livelihoods.
4. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
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Economic growth is necessary but growth alone is insufficient for poverty reduction
Diversify sources of economic growth to enhance sustainable development.
Target both demand- and supply-side of the labour market to promoteemployment.
• Supply-side measures include developing appropriate skills through quality education, technicaland vocational training and entrepreneurial development.
• Demand-side measures include creating a suitable business environment, economic upgrading,establishing upstream and downstream linkages, strengthen regional links and negotiate forfavourable global trade agreements.
Ensure equity in public services delivery through a policy mix of universalaccess to compulsory schooling and health care.
Target the poor and the vulnerable with specific social protectionprogrammes.
Identify alternative sources of financing for the national developmentprogrammes.
17 - 19 May 2017
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
AFRICA REGIONAL
FORUM ON
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Ensuring inclusive and sustainable
growth and prosperity for all
THANK YOU!
www.uneca.org/arfsd2017
more info: [email protected]
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