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AEEP Road Map, v8, 11/9/2009 page 1

Africa-EU Energy Partnership

Road Map

11 September 2009, v8 revised 19 august 2010

Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................ 3

PART 1: OBJECTIVES, STATUS, GAPS....................................................... 4

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 4

2 CURRENT SITUATION AND OBJECTIVES FOR ENERGY IN AFRICA AND EUROPE.......................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Energy Security ...........................................................................................................4

2.2 Access to Energy Services.........................................................................................5

2.3 Dialogue .......................................................................................................................5

2.4 Sustainable Development...........................................................................................5

3 CURRENT TRENDS IN PARTNER REGIONS ............................................... 6

4 GAP BETWEEN ACTIONS AND OBJECTIVES............................................. 9

PART 2: ACTION PROGRAMME .........................................................11

5 PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP... 11

5.1 Mobilising additional resources and support for access to energy services......11

5.2 Regional integration of energy systems and markets, developing energy interconnections within Africa and between Africa and Europe..........................12

5.3 Promoting an enabling environment for scaling up investments and mobilising private capital............................................................................................................14

5.4 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency .............................................................15

5.5 Reduction of gas flaring and venting ......................................................................17

5.6 Developing institutional and technical capacity of the AUC, of RECs, of national authorities and of energy operators .......................................................................17


5.7 Political and technical dialogue, contacts and exchanges ...................................17

5.8 Implementation of actions, indicators of progress ................................................18

6 ONGOING ACTIVITIES................................................................................. 21

6.1 Continental and intercontinental .............................................................................22

6.2 North Africa................................................................................................................24

6.3 West Africa.................................................................................................................25

6.4 East Africa..................................................................................................................27

6.5 Central Africa .............................................................................................................28

6.6 Southern Africa..........................................................................................................29

7 FUTURE ACTIVITIES: PLANNED OR UNDER CONSIDERATION ............. 30

7.1 Continental and intercontinental .............................................................................30

7.2 North Africa................................................................................................................32

7.3 West Africa.................................................................................................................33

7.4 East Africa..................................................................................................................34

7.5 Central Africa .............................................................................................................36

7.6 Southern Africa..........................................................................................................37

8 AFRICAN QUICK WIN PROJECTS .....ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

9 REGIONAL TARGETS ON ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES................... 38

PART 3: FINANCING INSTRUMENTS..................................................39

10 EC FUNDING INSTRUMENTS...................................................................... 39

10.1 Synthesis of EC’s instruments on energy in ACP countries.................................39

10.2 Synthesis of EU-ACP Energy Facility projects.......................................................42

LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................. 46


Executive Summary The Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP), one of the 8 partnerships comprising the Africa-EU Joint Strategy, is a long-term framework for structured political dialogue and cooperation between Africa and the EU on energy issues of strategic importance, reflecting African and European needs. Through improved dialogue and cooperation, the AEEP aims to increase the effectiveness of African and European efforts to: • assure secure, reliable energy services in the coming decades on both continents; • extend access to modern energy services to the entire African population; An analysis of current trends – in energy policy and planning documents, in major infrastructure investments and regional integration, in energy access programmes, and in diversification of energy sources and renewable energy – revealed the following gaps: • Investment in energy production and energy transport infrastructure is inadequate. • Diversification of energy sources is not proceeding adequately. • Safe and sustainable cooking energy is lacking for the majority of Africans. • Access to modern energy services is not growing rapidly enough to reach the MDGs. • Dialogue and exchange on energy issues is inadequate to achieve AEEP objectives. In order to achieve AEEP objectives and overcome the gaps in current trends, priority policy actions need to be implemented – both for institutions and investments - in the following areas: • Mobilising additional resources, improving efficient use of existing resources and support

for access to energy services. o Create adequate political and regulatory frameworks. o Support implementation of regional and national energy access policies.

• Regional and intercontinental integration of energy systems and markets. o Support priority "win-win" projects, as identified by NEPAD, PIDA, TEN-E, etc. o Build institutional capacity to plan and implement integration plans.

• Enabling environment for scaling up investments and mobilising private capital. o Implement stable, equitable and transparent investment conditions. o Intensify efforts to attract European investment to Africa’s energy sector. o Improve economic governance and investment climate to build Africa's economic strength,

notably by facilitating public private partnerships (PPPs). • Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency.

o Create appropriate institutional and technical capacity: renewable energy/energy efficiency policies; support centres; resource mapping.

o Support renewable energy and energy efficiency programmes and projects • Reduction of gas flaring and venting.

o Support the World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership. • Develop institutional and technical capacity.

o Support capacity building for national, regional and continental institutions (RECs, power pools, UPDEA, AFUR, AFREC, AFSEC) for instance on information systems, databases, planning, standardisation, etc.

• Political and technical dialogue, contacts and exchanges. Support technical and political dialogue on:

o projects and programmes for interconnections, access, capacity building; o evaluate possible specific European contribution to priority actions; o encourage twinning between homologue agencies and authorities.

The AEEP, an evolving process, will support short-term actions (until the end of 2010) as well as medium and long-term actions.


Part 1: Objectives, status, gaps

1 Introduction The Africa-EU Energy Partnership (AEEP) is one of the 8 partnerships comprising the Africa-EU Joint Strategy, adopted in Lisbon in December 2007. The AEEP is a long-term framework for structured political dialogue and cooperation between Africa and the EU on energy issues of strategic importance, reflecting African and European needs. Through the Partnership, Africa and Europe will work together to develop a shared vision and common policy answers, and to stimulate specific actions that address the energy challenges of the 21st century. The Partnership will strengthen the existing Africa-EU dialogue on access to energy and energy security, at the local, national, regional, continental and global levels. The AEEP aims at mobilising increased financial, technical and human resources in support of Africa's energy development, scaling up European and African investments in energy infrastructure and in energy interconnections within Africa and between Africa and the EU. AEEP actions will address both institutional and capacity issues, as well as investments in infrastructure. AEEP actions include promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency, improving the management of energy resources, and mainstreaming climate change1 into development cooperation. This Road Map is a living document that will be reviewed and revised as part of the political dialogue under the AEEP process. The document is based on contributions from the African and EU Implementing Teams; from African and EU member states; on consultations with African stakeholders such as Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Power Pools and others2; and on consultations with the private sector and civil society.

2 Current situation and objectives for energy in Africa and Europe The energy situation of African and European countries presents a wide variety of specific national and regional situations, as well as some common challenges3.

2.1 Energy Security All countries face the challenge of assuring secure, reliable energy services in the coming decades. Almost all countries in Africa and Europe have experienced interruption of some form of energy supply in recent years. Tension in oil and gas markets, changing rainfall patterns, expanding demand, as well as internal technical, managerial and financial

1 The Joint Africa-EU Partnership includes eight specific partnerships, among which Partnerships on Climate Change, on Infrastructure and on Peace and Security. The Partnership on Energy will complement actions in these partnerships. Thus, this document will avoid redundancy with issues treated in detail elsewhere. 2 Notably at the Technical Consultation Meeting in May, 2009 in Uganda. 3 This document is based on the Africa-EU Lisbon Summit Declaration, 8-9 December 2007, and the AUC-EC Joint Statement on the Africa-EU Energy Partnership, 8 September 2008.


problems, have caused crisis in the availability of fuels or electricity. Furthermore, the challenges of climate change are putting increasing pressure on energy sector development in Europe and Africa. A large majority of African and European countries are heavily dependent on energy imports. Even the African and European countries that are major exporters of energy – petroleum, gas, and electricity or biomass fuels – must import at least one crucial element of their energy mix. The improvement of economic governance and the investment climate are essential elements to build Africa's economic strength and allow Africa to move away from continuous donor support and find its place in global markets. Integrating national systems into regional networks will foster sustainable economic growth and development and improve energy security. The international economic crisis has highlighted the importance of regional integration as a means to aid those countries that rely on a limited range of energy supplies.

2.2 Access to Energy Services Alongside the energy security challenge, many countries in Africa face the additional challenge of extending access to modern energy services, including safe and sustainable cooking fuels, to their entire population. Indeed, insufficient energy infrastructure and lack of access - to electricity, to motive power, to transport fuels, or to improved cooking - constitute major barriers to sustainable development objectives, as expressed in national plans as well as in the Millennium Development Goals. Well over sixty percent of the African population lacks access to electricity, and depends on traditional methods of wood or charcoal use for cooking4. The majority of schools and clinics in rural Africa lack modern energy services. Productive activities in rural areas are severely handicapped by lack of energy services. African countries and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) have set ambitious targets with respect to access to modern energy (see Chapter 9 for details). Meeting these targets will require both infusion of private and public resources, and use of innovative models to make energy service provision economically viable, in poor sparsely populated areas.

2.3 Dialogue African and European countries have recognized the need for more effective dialogue, notably on energy access and energy security. As a result, Heads of State from Africa and the EU called for the establishment of Africa-EU partnerships during their Lisbon Summit in December 2007. While substantial progress has since been made, it is a declared objective of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership to further strengthen this dialogue and cooperation. This dialogue will be broadened to other important actors, notably within the UN system.

2.4 Sustainable Development In addition to the security and access issues, the energy sector presents opportunities and challenges for all areas of sustainable development in Africa and Europe. • Economic progress. Energy service activities can be a major source of jobs, national

value added or export revenues. On the other hand, energy imports (oil, gas, electricity) are among the major imports for a majority of countries, and can cause balance of payments deficits. In those countries with an electricity supply shortfall, the cost of providing backup power (typically $0.40 per kWh) is a handicap to productive industries.

• Social progress. Access to energy services could contribute to improving essential services such as health, education, and water supply.

4 According to the WHO and UNICEF, only 6% of Sub-Saharan Africa's population had access to safe and sustainable cooking in 2005.


• Protection of the environment. While energy sector activities can contribute to protection of the environment (notably through sustainable management of water and forest resources), unsustainable energy practices can be a cause of environmental degradation: deforestation, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and climate change.

3 Current trends in partner regions Given the importance of the energy sector for sustainable development, Africans and Europeans are making substantial joint efforts to assure secure, reliable, and affordable energy for the future. Policy and planning documents. Planning documents have been drafted or are underway for energy infrastructure in Africa and Europe: the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), that will build on the NEPAD Short Term Action Plan (STAP) and Medium to Long Term Strategic Framework (MLTSF), the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) study, the EC Communication “Interconnecting Africa: the EU-Africa Partnership on Infrastructure”, Trans-European Networks - Energy (TEN-E), the EU Strategic Energy Review, energy aspects of the EU’s European Neighbourhood Policy, the "Priority Action Plan for Euro-Mediterranean Energy Cooperation 2008-2013", as well as the Union for the Mediterranean. The African Union has recently adopted a "Declaration on development of transport and energy infrastructure in Africa"5 that defines three paths for action: • Strengthen regional cooperation and integration; • Mobilise public resources, solicit private support; • Strengthen national, regional and continental human and institutional capacity. The Council of the European Union in its conclusions of May 2007 recalls that Africa and Europe share common interests in the field of energy: • on both continents, energy security, access to sustainable energy services and the

sustainable and efficient management of energy resources are prerequisites for development and prosperity;

• Europe benefits from African energy exports, and Africa benefits from European technical and financial support in the energy sector;

• climate change requires decisive action worldwide. The African Union is developing a Coordination Mechanism for the development of infrastructure in Africa. Similarly, the Union of Producers and Distributors of Electricity in Africa (UPDEA) is developing coordination instruments among African power pools. Policy documents on access to energy have been adopted by several African Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and by many African countries. Regional and national multi-sectoral working groups have been created to help focus energy investments on the needs of energy using sectors. Many countries have developed national energy strategies that cover, according to national needs: energy services; electrification; household energy; oil and gas sector; renewable energy; energy efficiency. Some countries have adopted a sector-wide approach to energy to facilitate the alignment and coordination of investments and partnership with development finance sources.

5 Doc. Assembly/AU/9 (XII), 2-3 February 2009


The Second EU Strategic Energy Review6 highlights the importance of Africa for the EU's energy security, as well as the urgent need to enhance cooperation with key African producing countries and to develop the high potential of Africa for renewable energy. Major infrastructure investments, regional integration. In both Africa and Europe, physical and economic integration of energy markets is progressing, at different rates, both through the building of energy infrastructure (power lines, gas pipelines, oil and gas storage facilities, both within Africa and between the EU and Africa) and through increased convergence in legislative and regulatory frameworks in the energy sector. Programmes, supported by the EU and other development partners, aimed at strengthening technical and institutional capacity of authorities responsible for regional energy systems are under way. The groundwork - both infrastructure and regulatory mechanisms - is being laid for regional power pools in Africa. Infrastructure planning, under the leadership of the African Development Bank, is progressing. The creation of an “African Petroleum Fund” is also taking shape. River Basin Agencies – as managers of Africa’s hydropower potential - are assuming their role in the energy planning process. Energy access programmes. Many African countries have created specific instruments – rural energy agencies, rural electrification funds, special regulatory and legal structures for rural energy, forestry and biomass energy regulatory mechanisms – to facilitate expansion of access to energy. Grid extension and decentralised energy systems are increasing access to electricity in several countries. Innovative energy service delivery models – energy service centres, energy concessions, multi-functional platforms, etc. – are being expanded. Several countries have established programmes, often with EU development aid, to foster safe and sustainable cooking energy, through sustainable forest management, improved stoves or alternative fuels. Diversification of energy sources, renewable energy. Access to renewable energy technologies and other clean, efficient, energy technologies is being developed and disseminated in both Europe and Africa. The African Union, in cooperation with the Government of Senegal and UNIDO, organized the First Conference on Renewable Energy in Africa from 16-18 May 2008 in Dakar, Senegal. The conference adopted the Renewable Energy Declaration and the first Plan of Action for Scaling up for renewable energy market in Africa. The EU has adopted an ambitious Renewable Energy Directive, with numeric targets for 2020, including a 10% biofuels target of which half is to be imported from third parties. Many investors have been attracted to the effort to identify clean and sustainable alternative energy sources for European and African consumers in rural and urban settings, using hydropower, solar energy, wind energy and bioenergy. For instance, in the area of bioenergy, the First High Level African Union /Brazil/ UNIDO Biofuel Seminar in Africa from 30 July to 1 August 2007 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, adopted the declaration on “Sustainable Biofuel Development in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges” and established the “First Action Plan for Biofuel Development in Africa”. The establishment of the EU-Brazil-Africa cooperation on biofuels sustainability was proposed recently as a follow up of the 2nd International Biofuels Conference that took place in Brazil in November 2008. Renewable energy technologies are often the best solution to improve energy access and energy security whether they are grid connected (large scale production) or decentralized (access to energy/rural electrification). Africa has a vast potential for all forms of renewable energy.

6 Second Strategic Energy Review: an EU energy security and solidarity action plan COM(2008)781, endorsed by the European Council, 19&20 March 2009.


In Africa, of the hydropower potential only 7% (1,750 TWh) is currently exploited; for wind energy there exists an enormous potential in coastal areas; for geothermal energy only 1% of the potential is currently exploited; solar energy has a vast potential for both electricity and thermal energy; and biomass, including biofuels, is currently the major source of primary energy in Africa mostly in form of traditional use of wood. Hydropower. The total hydropower potential for Africa is equivalent to the total electricity consumed in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy put together. The Democratic Republic of Congo accounts for over 50% of Africa’s hydropower potential, to the order of 100,000 MW. Of this potential 44,000 MW is at Inga, a series of rapids about 150km from the mouth of the Congo River. Other countries with hydropower potential include Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Madagascar, Mozambique, Niger and Zambia. Large-scale hydropower provides over 50% of total power supply in 23 countries in Africa. Hydropower can benefit from economies of scale to produce very low priced power in the range of 3-4 USc/kWh. It contributes to both energy security and increased access to energy. At the same time hydropower faces risks of siltation, droughts and potentially has impacts on human settlements and other land uses. Geothermal. Geothermal energy is a renewable and environmentally benign energy source that is based on the heat of the earth. Using geothermal has several advantages such as very low or no emissions and geothermal plants require relatively little space for operation. Africa has a potential of generating up to 14,000 MW, but has only used this energy source in Kenya where 127 MW are installed, amounting to about 17% of the national power supply, and in Ethiopia with 7 MW installed capacity. The Ministers of Energy of the ten countries of the Eastern Region adopted a declaration on geothermal energy at the “Decision Makers’ Workshop on Geothermal Energy” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 8 to 10 June 2009 organized by UNIDO with the sponsorship of the African Union Commission. Biomass. Biomass can be used for both small and medium to large-scale applications such as cooking energy, provision of process heat, liquid fuels production, gasification, co-generation of heat and electricity, biogas production and solid fuel production. Over sixty percent of the African population lacks access to electricity, and depends on traditional methods of biomass use for cooking. Biomass energy policies can combine improvement of traditional use of biomass and the provision of modern energy services. On the household level, improved stoves contribute to reduced fuelwood consumption and combat indoor-air pollution therefore reaping significant health benefits. Medium to large-scale agro-based industries on the continent such as wood-based industries, palm oil producers, rice mills, etc. use their waste to produce process heat and power, which in most cases is used locally. In some sugar industries ethanol is being produced as a by-product and then blended with petrol to be used as transport fuel. Such programmes have resulted in economic gains that include reduction in the share of imported petrol. So far, only Zimbabwe, Kenya and Malawi have introduced ethanol programmes. Most cities in Africa face serious problems with liquid and solid waste, which could be converted to energy. Liquid waste handling and treatment systems can be upgraded to capture methane which could then be used to generate electricity to power the treatment plants; the excess electricity could be fed into the grid. Organic municipality solid waste could also be incinerated or gasified to produce energy.


Wind. The use of wind energy for electricity production, globally, has been booming. Existing wind power capacity grew by 29 percent in 2008 to reach 121 gigawatts (GW), more than double the 48 GW that existed in 2004. Africa still lags behind other regions. However, in 2008 six African countries already had commercial wind power installations. Further projects are currently under development in other countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Cape Verde and Tanzania. So far, Egypt has an installed capacity of 425 MW and plans to increase to 850 MW by 2010 and 3000 MW by 2022. Morocco has a total installed capacity of 125 MW. Under its “Initiative 1,000 MW” programme, Morocco is planning to have 1,000 MW wind capacity by 2012. Solar. Large-scale solar energy projects in Africa are very limited, mainly due to cost constraints. Detailed feasibility studies7 have established that Africa has enormous potential for concentrating solar thermal power generation from desert areas like the Sahara and the Namib with competitive power production costs at around 4-6 c$/kWh. So far, only South Africa operates a thermal system plant generating 0.5MW. Egypt plans to install a solar thermal plant of 30 MW by 2010 and 300 MW by 2020. Other countries in North Africa are planning to develop solar thermal plants of varying capacities. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power in decentralised systems, including off-grid, stand-alone and hybrid systems, have great potential in Africa. Kenya’s Rural Electrification Master Plan estimates that rural hybrid schemes will supply an additional peak demand of at least 41 MW by 2013, of which 7 MW come from wind turbines and 2 MW from solar PV modules.

4 Gap between actions and objectives8 Despite the major ongoing activities briefly described above, current action in the energy sector is inadequate and insufficient to create sustainable solutions to meet the combined energy security/energy access challenges. While adequate resources exist to meet energy needs, investment in energy production and energy transport infrastructure is inadequate. Investment in interconnections is not rapid enough to optimise sharing, use and distribution of available resources. Current investment is neither meeting rising demand from growing economies, nor the demand from expansion of energy services to new users. In smaller countries in particular, self-sufficiency in electricity generation is an expensive and inefficient strategy9. Current investment rates are inadequate: the investment gap for the power sector alone is estimated to be $28 billion per year, of which 80% is in low-income countries10. Furthermore, financing of investment in decentralized energy systems is particularly difficult. Policies encouraging these investments are lacking or not being implemented in some countries.

Needed Actions: • Since investment in energy infrastructure in Africa needs to be expanded,

appropriate conditions for attracting investment financing should be established. • Technical standards for energy systems in Africa (grid codes, etc.) should be

standardised, so as to facilitate investment.

7 German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Technical Thermodynamics: Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region (MED-CSP), 2005 (www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp) and Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power (TRANS-CSP), 2006 (www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp). 8 The analysis of gaps between actions and objectives is based on a mapping of activities in the energy sector in Africa carried out by the ITs. 9 21 countries in Africa have an electricity production capacity of less than 200 MW, resulting in high electricity tariffs of up to $0.30 per kWh. 10 ICA document Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic study.


• Appropriate pricing policies - including energy tariffs - should be adopted, both to render investments attractive by making supply of energy services viable, and to make energy service affordable for users. Administrative and economic tools - such as feed in tariffs – should be used to encourage diversification of energy supplies, notably the development of renewable energy.

Diversification of energy sources and improvement of energy efficiency is not proceeding adequately. In fact, many countries are becoming even more dependent on price-volatile fossil fuels. The share of national and renewable energy in energy mixes is growing slowly or not at all. Africa's important potential in energy resources - such as hydropower, as well as wind resources, solar energy, geothermal energy and biomass – is under exploited, both at the centralised and decentralised levels. The potential contribution of energy efficiency is not being realised.

Needed actions: • Energy policies and policy tools must aim at diversifying energy supplies by using

local energy sources, notably renewable energy sources. • Energy policies and policy tools for promoting energy efficiency should be

supported, notably to raise awareness among policy makers, entrepreneurs and energy consumers of the benefits and means for improving energy efficiency.

Safe and sustainable cooking energy is lacking for the majority of Africans, causing negative effects on health, on the environment and on efforts to achieve gender equality.

Needed action: According to national circumstances, cooking energy policies can combine improvement of traditional use of wood (sustainable forest management, improved stoves, etc.) with use of alternative biomass or fossil fuels such as LPG.

Access to modern energy services is not growing rapidly enough to power achievement of the MDGs in many countries in Africa. Over 500 million Africans lacked access to electricity in 2005: under current trends, the population without access will grow, since expansion of power systems – centralised as well as decentralised - is not keeping up with demographic growth11.

Needed action: Energy access policies should be defined, and energy access programmes should be carried out, notably to meet local needs in rural or isolated areas.

Dialogue and exchange on energy issues, be it on the political or technical level, is inadequate to focus our efforts and achieve maximum synergies.

Needed actions: • Opportunities for dialogue and exchange, at multiple levels, should be created or

expanded. • Capacity building must be carried out to improve energy operator’s expertise as

well as civil society’s ability to engage in energy issues.

11 World Energy Outlook; IEA; 2006.


Part 2: Action programme

5 Priority actions for implementation of the Partnership The Africa-EU Energy Partnership aims to mobilise new resources, and improve synergy and coordination among existing activities, in view of attaining the Partnership objectives. On the basis of the joint analysis of the energy challenge carried out by the African and European Implementing Teams, a number of priority actions have been identified to address the policy, technology and finance aspects of the energy challenge. This section broadly describes the types of priority policy actions in favour of Partnership objectives. Annex A presents more specific examples of activities, whereas Annex B contains a list of energy projects presented to the heads of state of the African Union Member States at the African Union Twelfth Ordinary Session 2-3 February 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Partnership is expected to accelerate progress on the priority actions through improved dialogue and coordination between key policy actors in Europe and Africa. The present document describes both short-term actions as mandated in the “First Action Plan (2008-2010) for the implementation of the Africa-EU Strategic Partnership”, and longer term actions that will be implemented after 2010. The partnership will help identify synergies, avoid unnecessary duplication and accelerate the implementation of effective policies, programmes and other cooperation means. The improved quality of dialogue will make knowledge about best practices and success stories readily available and will help channel resources effectively into priority investments. The Partnership will thus help overcome the short-term approach to cooperation that often hinders the development of long-term sustainable solutions with supporting markets and infrastructure. The Partnership would also define and carry out short, medium and long-term actions in a coordinated manner. • In the short term, support for the Partnership will come from existing EU financial

instruments (Infrastructure Trust Fund, EDF NIPs and RIPs, EIB investment facility, Energy Facility and EU MS bi-lateral cooperation instruments.

• In the medium and long term, the Partnership will aim to attract both increased flows of public resources by better integrating energy considerations into development programming, and private capital by improving framework conditions. The Partnership will seek improved synergy between public political and financial action.

Support for energy activities is increasing within the framework of EU development assistance: several countries have chosen to include energy into their National Indicative Programmes, financed under the 10th EDF or the ENPI. Other countries and regions may choose to include energy in future cooperation agreements with the EC. Furthermore, support for energy is growing in bi-lateral programmes, and in the activities of the EIB and other European financial institutions. The AEEP will seek dialogue and coordination in its actions with other major actors, notably within the UN system and within the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa.

5.1 Mobilising additional resources and support for access to energy services

African countries and regions will sustain and strengthen efforts to create adequate political and regulatory frameworks to achieve the energy access goals expressed in the access


White Papers and strategies adopted by the RECs, and in numerous national energy access strategies. The development of innovative, sustainable financial schemes is key to implementation of access to energy programmes in Africa. African countries will reform their electricity tariff systems ultimately aiming for cost-recovery tariffs. Furthermore, African countries will mobilise internal resources for increased access to services, e.g. by making their utilities more effective and efficient. African development finance institutions will focus on using available public resources to attract private capital for energy access activities. The EU should increase its support to energy access programmes, as defined in regional and national White Papers. The ACP-EU Energy Facility I is supporting projects with a total contribution of 210M€, mostly in Africa. Discussion is underway for the modalities of the replenished Energy Facility (200M€), whose launch is expected by the end of 2009. EU actions in the field of access will be strengthened and replicated, including: • support to rural electrification funds; • development of innovative technology for affordable energy service delivery; • support for public and private investment in grid and off grid power; • development of cooking energy strategies.

5.2 Regional integration of energy systems and markets, developing energy interconnections within Africa and between Africa and Europe12

Increasing integration of African and European energy systems and markets - at the regional, continental and intercontinental level - is viewed as a priority, given the multiple benefits of integration. Integration of energy markets will require investments in physical infrastructure (power lines, gas and oil pipelines) as well as improved functioning of energy market. Enhanced integration of energy markets will require common actions to be taken in cooperation between EU and AU. This should include appropriate measures to ensure improved functioning of energy markets as well as the additional investments needed for development of the necessary infrastructure, in particular in energy interconnections (power lines, gas and oil pipelines). Increased integration would contribute to enhancing energy security and the reliability of energy systems at national and regional levels. Improved integration will also contribute to better diversification of energy supplies, by facilitating optimal use of the available energy sources at national and regional level. • Renewable sources – solar and wind power, hydro power as well as biomass resources –

are even more valuable if integrated into large continental and intercontinental grids, since this allows combining different sources to achieve more stable and reliable energy supply across all the countries concerned.

• Hydro (of which huge untapped reserves exist in Africa) and natural gas represent a huge potential for power generation. Their economic and technical value is maximised if they are used as peak power sources in large interconnected energy systems.

Increased integration of energy markets will also contribute to the expansion of access to energy, for instance through cross border electrification.

12 The Joint Statement priorities for “Regional integration …” and for “… interconnections between Africa and Europe” have been combined, in view of a more coherent treatment of overlapping and interdependent actions.


Furthermore, continental and intercontinental integration of energy systems would create markets for some of the large African power projects that would be difficult to finance if they served only limited national or regional markets. In this context, Africa will improve the security conditions for building and operating the medium and long-distance power lines that will make possible such integration efforts (see section 5.6). Finally, increased integration of energy systems serves the overall objective of aiding political and economic integration. Given the importance of integration of energy systems, the EU and AU aim to reinforce their cooperation for the development of energy infrastructures of common interest to improve energy security for both Africa and Europe. Thus, African and European public authorities will intensify their support for projects that are underway or planned, notably the African Regional Economic Community (RECs) and regional power pools actions including oil and gas pipelines. Future priorities will be determined through political and technical dialogue, in line with ongoing planning exercises, such as the Africa-EU Infrastructure Partnership, PIDA, the Second European Strategic Energy review and other processes. The Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) is a joint initiative led by the African Union Commission (AUC), the NEPAD Secretariat and the African Development Bank (AfDB). It is a merger of the AUC Master Plan and Continental Policies Studies and the NEPAD Medium to Long Term Strategic Framework (MLTSF). The PIDA aims at aiding African decision makers to: • Establish a strategic framework for the development of regional and continental water,

energy, transport and information and communication technologies infrastructure based on a vision, strategic objectives and sector policies;

• Formulate a prioritised and phased programme of infrastructure development; • Prepare an implementation strategy and process for the programme, including, in

particular, a priority action plan. The approach adopted by PIDA will seek to provide innovative solutions to all recurring issues after an evaluation of the existing situation. The ambition of this programme is thus to learn, in a practical manner, the lessons from previous initiatives, in order to enable Africa to effectively develop the much-needed networks of infrastructure. The EC, at the sub-regional level, is supporting integration of electricity markets in Maghreb countries. A proposal for an Electricity Master Plan for Africa is expected to be presented by the AUC within the framework of the PIDA initiative. Priority actions of the AEEP will cover both the investments in regional and intercontinental physical infrastructure, as defined above, and the accompanying institutional actions, including: • updating regional energy policies and regional master plans, as well as harmonisation

between regional and national policies; • support for the strengthening and adaptation of legal, regulatory and institutional

frameworks and institutions responsible for: planning; regulation; energy market agreements; power Pool investment strategies; standardisation of grid codes; wheeling and power trade agreements.

Additional opportunities for Africa-Europe interconnections will be studied, notably to identify “Win-Win” projects. Efforts will be made to open up access to African and European markets on a mutual basis, in coherence with respective internal energy market rules and policies. The EU will work to identify European priorities, both in the field of electricity and in oil and gas infrastructure. Private investment opportunities - notably opportunities for joint venture projects, including development of future renewable energy markets, interconnections such


as the Trans Sahara Gas Pipeline, electricity interconnections, etc. – will be studied through intensified energy dialogue.

5.3 Promoting an enabling environment for scaling up investments and mobilising private capital

Developing cooperation between private and public sectors is a priority of the AEEP. To increase investment, it is necessary to reduce institutional bottlenecks, develop and complete feasibility studies as appropriate, improve procurement processes and introduce medium term, multi-year budgeting, rather than piecemeal short-term project budgeting. AEEP efforts will focus on power pool interconnections, as well as regional and intercontinental gas and oil transport infrastructure, notably the priorities established in the NEPAD Short Term Action Plan (STAP) and Medium to Long Term Strategic Framework (MLTSF), the PIDA and the TEN-E. The AEEP will seek to establish an expert group - including the EIB, the AfDB and other interested IFI's and public financial bodies – to identify barriers for project financing, and to make recommendations on how best to mobilise private and public resources for investment in the energy sector. Cooperation between regulators of both continents will be promoted. Private Public Partnerships must play an important role in the development of infrastructure in Africa. Capacity building is needed on PPP issues, for instance on project packaging for bankability, negotiation skills, and the role of independent power producers (IPPs) in meeting power deficits. Finance training is needed for non-finance staff. The EU will continue to support the implementation of the Paris Agenda and the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA), on harmonisation and alignment. In particular, the EU will support increased donor coordination, for instance through the establishment of conferences for bankable projects. The EU will intensify efforts to facilitate cooperation among African and European private sector investors, with particular focus on attracting European and international investment to Africa. Opportunities for new projects will be identified. Furthermore, Africa will make efforts to improve the profitability and viability of its power utilities, for instance through more efficient management, through adaptation of tariff setting regimes and connection cost pricing, through innovative payment and financing tools, or through more precisely targeted subsidy policies. The EU – through instruments such as the European Development Fund (including the Energy Facility, as well as National and Regional Indicative Programmes), the EUEI Partnership Dialogue Facility (PDF), and bilateral instruments – will support African countries who wish to launch or intensify efforts to improve the business climate for energy investments, in areas such as development of appropriate tariffs, or regulations on Independent Power Producers, transport fuels, decentralised household energy, etc. With those countries and regions that choose to give higher priority to energy, discussions will be launched on accessing existing financing mechanisms and on better integrating energy into European ODA, notably in view of the upcoming mid-term review of the 10th EDF and the programming for future Africa-EU development cooperation. The role of the private sector in provision and productive end-use of decentralized renewable energy should be scaled up in the Energy Facility. The African Development Bank, with support from the Commission on Effective Development Cooperation with Africa, will establish a facility to strengthen the role of the private sector (including small and medium-size enterprises) and to stimulate the market for decentralised,


renewable energy by supporting investments, capacity building and development of policy frameworks. African countries should pursue their efforts for increasing the share of domestic market capital finance, for instance through development of corporate bond markets. African countries should also pursue their efforts to implement stable, equitable and transparent conditions - institutional, legal, fiscal, etc – so as to create more attractive markets for private investment, and to facilitate investment in the energy sector. The AEEP will, in dialogue with RECs, support the elaboration of model legislation to address critical bottlenecks / impediments to investment in the energy sector. The EU is supporting the efforts of those African states wishing to promote good governance and transparency, notably through its participation in international initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). The EU will continue to support the efforts of the Regional Economic Communities in favour of harmonisation of national economic frameworks, so as to favour the creation of large integrated, attractive markets.

5.4 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency 13 Given the important potential for increasing renewable energy use and introducing energy efficiency and energy savings measures, African and EU authorities are invited to support specific renewable energy and energy efficiency programmes and projects. The EU is currently discussing the modalities of implementation of the second ACP-EU Energy Facility, for 200 M€, that will focus on renewables for access to energy, as well as on energy efficiency. The Facility is open to co-financing by EU Member States and aims at leveraging funding from development banks and the private sector. A renewable energy cooperation programme for Africa is being developed, in order to further promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. Consultations on the outline of the initiative with EU and African partners will take place during 2009, in view of a launch in 2010. The EU is already working with some African countries on the development of a Mediterranean Solar Plan that supports solar energy development in the region. The recently created International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) will play a key role in the worldwide development of renewable energy. IRENA will have expert staff available to provide policy advice and assistance on renewable energy and on framework conditions to its member countries. Furthermore IRENA will promote technology transfer, enhance capacity building and advise on financing renewable energies. Resource mapping, notably on renewable energy, will be supported through the creation of databases. For instance: the Southern African Research And Documentation Centre (SARDC) has carried out a study on the "Basic Energy Initiatives In Southern Africa”; the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC) will undertake a mapping of African renewable energy resources in support of the partnership. Cooperation between these and other initiatives to map energy potentials will be explored. At the 12th African Union Summit held in Addis Ababa in February 2009, dedicated to “The Development of Transport Infrastructure and Energy in Africa”, the AU Heads of State and Government adopted a declaration in which they “resolve to develop, as matter of priority, the major regional and continental hydropower projects, to ensure energy security in Africa”.

13 In the interest of concision, this section combines actions related to the Joint Statement priorities for: "Launching a renewable energy cooperation programme"; "Strengthening cooperation to improve energy efficiency in all sectors"


Therefore, the African Union Heads of States and Government invited the AU Commission, to “take appropriate measures to promote the execution of integrative hydropower interconnection projects”. Therefore the AU Commission has adopted the “Hydropower 2020 Initiative” to promote the development of large hydroelectric dams and interconnection networks for the period between 2010 and 2020. The African Union Commission has taken the initiative for implementation of the declaration of Ministers of Energy of ten countries of the Eastern Region on geothermal energy made at the “Decision Makers’ Workshop on Geothermal Energy” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 8-10 June 2009. Renewable energy and energy efficiency support centres should be strengthened or created, notably to facilitate the exchange of experience on policies, best practices as well as technologies. The multilateral initiative for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency based in Cairo, Egypt can be used as a model to spur similar regional centres for cooperation on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. Technical assistance from European bilateral programmes on renewable energy technologies, including export initiatives, etc., should be analysed for the potential to scale up private sector investment. Specific technical measures – for instance, dissemination of energy efficient CFL or LED lamps, reduction of power losses in distribution, utility supported demand side management (DSM) and energy efficiency programmes - should be evaluated for their applicability in specific national and regional circumstances Consolidated EU conclusions on measures to promote local sustainable access to energy in developing countries have been adopted in May 2009 during the Czech EU Presidency. Discussion is underway on actions to facilitate the participation of African cities in the EU Covenant of Mayors – an initiative focused on the role of municipal authorities in developing sustainable urban energy - in order to share information and good practices, and to foster joint action among cities. Measures to encourage the efficient use of biomass for household use and industrial applications will be addressed in both the Energy Facility and in EU MS cooperation programmes such as Energising Development (EnDev) and EUEI Partnership Dialogue Facility (PDF) work on Biomass Energy Strategies (BEST). Development of sustainable biofuels could support economic development and social progress in developing countries. The EU will consider how to support creation of biofuel strategies and actions, in view of helping African countries wishing to promote the production of biofuels in a sustainable manner. Capacity building and transfer of available know-how will be encouraged. Establishment of an EU-Brazil-Africa Partnership on Sustainable Bio-Fuel and Bioelectricity is being pushed forward. Drafting of renewable energy and energy efficiency master plans - including appropriate targets and objectives - will be supported, at both the regional and national level. EU member states should increase their funding for advisory services to African states to develop policies to encourage renewable energy and energy efficiency in all sectors. Action can build on a variety of current activities: World Energy Council; World Bank ESMAP Initiative; the EC supported MED-ENEC initiative; the new campaign for more efficient use of energy in South Africa; the Ghana CFL programme; the Kenya industrial energy efficiency programme, etc. Coordination with the World Energy Council and the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) Initiative will be enhanced to increase information about the potential for energy efficiency measures in African countries.


The possibilities of carbon financing for energy efficiency measures and renewable energy generation projects will be explored.

5.5 Reduction of gas flaring and venting The reduction of gas flaring would strongly contribute to both energy security and the fight against climate change. The EC supports the World Bank Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership. At the bilateral level, the EU member states, the concerned gas producing countries and the oil companies operating in these countries are invited to seek means to support gas utilisation projects for efficient local use. Use of innovative methods – such as financing through CDM, regulatory and financial incentives, etc. – should be considered.

5.6 Developing institutional and technical capacity of the AUC, of RECs, of national authorities and of energy operators

The EU will support capacity building for national, regional and continental institutions (AUC, AfDB, RECs, power pools, UPDEA, AFUR, AFREC, AFSEC, etc.) for instance on information systems, databases, planning, standardisation, etc. EU programmes will facilitate dialogue and exchange of experience on best practices. Synergies will be sought with the REC Capacity Building programme of the NEPAD Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility (IPPF) at the African Development Bank. The EC will promote access for African institutions, organisations and enterprises to technology and capacity building programmes in the field of energy, such as: SAVE ALTENER; INCO; ENRTP; Marie-Curie. It will also facilitate exchange of experience on key aspects of policy making in the energy sector between Europe and Africa. Capacity Building Programmes for African Power Pools are being implemented, with support from Energy Facility I. A similar programme for AFUR should start up by the end of 2009.

Capacity building will be designed to respond to national choices with respect to technologies and institutional options. EU bi-lateral programmes in favour of capacity building within the RECs will be strengthened. Technical assistance from European bilateral programmes will assist African utilities in improving both management and the environment for Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), for example through: Independent Power Production; Power Purchase Agreements; distribution concessions; improved regulation and governance. Twinning with European utilities could be a source of relevant technical capacity. In this respect, for those countries that have chosen to pursue the peaceful use of nuclear energy – in line with all relevant IAEA safety standards and the Non-Proliferation Treaty – possible dialogue on capacity building could focus on ensuring the highest internationally accepted standards of nuclear safety and security. The security of energy and transport infrastructure, essential to the achievement of AEEP goals, is a key element within the broader issue of peace and security. The AEEP, in cooperation with the Partnership on Peace and Security, will seek ways to support African efforts to enhance the security of physical infrastructure (training, appropriate technologies, anti-pirating measures, etc.), notably in view of improving the security of international petroleum trade and long distance power transmission lines.. The EU will support acquisition of European technology and creation of local manufacturing of energy equipment, notably through facilitation of exchanges between private sector actors.

5.7 Political and technical dialogue, contacts and exchanges


Energy plays an increasingly important part in African and EU external relations. Thus, the AU and the EU will make efforts to enhance and strengthen their energy cooperation. Ongoing dialogue at the regional and continental level will be reinforced. Furthermore, the EU intends to promote bilateral political and technical dialogue, in view of establishing reliable energy partnerships, with African countries. Dialogue will be strengthened at multiple levels, to better focus actions on public policy objectives, and to maximise synergies. Mainstreaming access to energy and energy security into AU-EU development cooperation is essential to the success of the AEEP. Political dialogue will be strengthened to: • identify public policy objectives, and politically important projects; • exchange experience on African and European energy policies; • launch the public actions necessary for inclusion of energy in development plans

(PRSPs, NIPs/RIPs, etc.; legislative and regulatory action; • improve coordination between national, regional and continental levels. Technical dialogue will be strengthened by facilitating contacts and exchanges of know-how between relevant European Institutions and their African counterparts: • review menus of possible projects and programmes, notably in the field of

interconnections, access to energy, on- and off-grid renewable energy, and capacity building;

• take into consideration political priorities; • evaluate technical feasibility, economic viability, development impact, and a specific

European contribution • encourage twinning between homologue agencies (see "twinning" in the preceding

section); • work to improve the AEEP's mapping of ongoing energy activities in Africa, in synergy

with the official reporting mechanisms of the OECD Development Aid Committee, so as to facilitate cooperation through improved transparency and visibility of field action.

Strengthened dialogue with African and European civil society actors - essential for effective implementation of the AEEP – will be sought. Furthermore, since the private sector will be essential in reaching the AEEP’s objectives, outreach will be pursued to fully integrate private sector concerns into AEEP actions. Research institutions in both continents will similarly be involved in the AEEP dialogue process. Recognising the increasingly important role of Africa in EU energy security, EU will step up its energy relationships with Africa and promote bilateral political and technical dialogue and reliable energy partnerships with key Africa suppliers. The AEEP will work in synergy with existing and future bi-lateral energy partnerships between African and EU countries. The AEEP will seek synergies with major multi-lateral initiatives, both European and non-European, for instance those under the UN System (UNDP, World Bank, UNIDO, UN-Energy) and the G8 Initiatives on access to energy as well as those under the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa.Implementation of actions, indicators of progress


In accordance with the Joint Progress Reports of the Africa-EU Ministerial Troika meetings - in Addis Ababa, 20-21 November 2008 and in Luxembourg 28 April 2009 - dialogue will continue on the Road Map, in particular with respect to including more information on financing, timing, driving actors, and benchmarks. In the coming months, the JEG will consider the creation of appropriate fora to carry forward the implementation, monitoring and reporting on AEEP activities. This could take the form of convening ad hoc expert groups on specific issues. The AEEP, an evolving process, will support both ongoing and new actions, including short term actions (to be engaged until the end of 2010 as part of the First Action Plan) as well as medium and long term actions, that will extend into future reporting periods of the AEEP. The AEEP will discuss how to put into place appropriate mechanisms to monitor and report on progress on priority actions, and to make recommendations on the enrichment of the AEEP action plan. In particular, it will be necessary to identify mechanisms for completing and maintaining our common vision of ongoing activities. In the spirit of the Paris Declaration and the Accra Action Agenda, primary responsibility for this should be with beneficiaries. The Partnership will support capacity building for the AU, the RECs, and African States, so as to aid them in maintaining an up to date vision of ongoing energy activities. Such an African based mapping of energy activities could build on the existing reporting mechanisms of the OECD Development Aid Committee. Similarly, work must be done to define indicators of progress and reporting methods. It is proposed that these indicators cover three levels of progress within the framework of the AEEP. The first, and perhaps simplest level, relates to the "multi-level dialogue" aspect of the AEEP. Indicators and reporting tools should allow the JEG to follow up on the reality of a deepened and broadened dialogue between multiple African and European actors on energy security and energy access of concern to Africa and Europe. The second level of reporting concerns the actions undertaken by the African and European partners in the AEEP. This level of reporting concerns the means – financial resources, human resources, political initiatives – that the AEEP partners will have allocated to Partnership activities. This level of reporting is more complex since it must cover the actions of the public sector (ODA, technical assistance, administrative and regulatory reform efforts, political support for projects, …), but more importantly, the resources brought to energy services by the private sector. Reporting on public sector actions, although complex, is relatively straightforward. On the other hand, obtaining information on private sector actions is a rather difficult task, given the number and disparate nature of the actors and actions. The third level of reporting concerns the impact of AEEP actions on energy security and energy access. This level of reporting is the most difficult. First of all, the results of actions– whether they be investments (measured by e.g. the amount of Foreign Direct Investment into the African energy sector), regulatory or political actions – may become visible only several years after the action is taken. Furthermore, the impact and changes on the ground in the energy sector will result from multiple actors and actions, many of which are beyond the scope of the AEEP14. This difficulty, referred to as the "attribution gap": it will be challenging

14 Examples of "non AEEP" factors that influence the energy sector: climate change that affects hydro-power output; evolving oil and gas prices; actions by, for instance, the World Bank, Asian or American public and private actors.


to determine the role of AEEP actions in the evolution of the energy sector (for instance the level of imports from Africa to Europe in regard to EU energy security). In order to progress with the definition of a pertinent set of indicators, as well as the associated data collection and reporting methods, two tracks of action will be followed. The first action track will aim at building the capacity of African institutional actors - notably the AUC, and the RECs – to collect, process and report on information in the energy sector. The AEEP will support actions - to create data bases, to put into place information reporting circuits, etc, - that will make it possible for African authorities to have a real time vision of the status and evolution of the energy sector. The second action track will involve the JEG, and will build on discussion of follow up actions, notably to determine: • the frequency for reporting; • the responsibility for reporting; • the format for reporting, and in particular, the appropriate level of detail.


6 Ongoing activities Note: The tables of projects, programmes and activities in this annex are examples of ongoing and planned activities. The list is far from complete. Further work within the AEEP framework will facilitate creating a more comprehensive vision of energy activities. The following tables are organized according to the project or programme status (Chapter 6 on ongoing and Chapter 7 on future activities). Within each chapter, tables are divided by scope into:

• Continental and intercontinental, • North Africa, • West Africa, • East Africa, • Central Africa, • Southern Africa.


6.1 Continental and intercontinental

No. Project description

Countries/region concerned Financing and implementation actors

Status Funding / Project Cost

Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

a

cce

ss

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

en

ergy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

E

nabl

ing

envi

ronm

ent f

or

inve

stm

ents

R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

and

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

Red

uctio

n of

gas

fla

ring

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal

and

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 "Energising Development" (EnDev)

The programme currently has actions in 13 African countries and impacted 3 million persons and is being extended in a second phase in which it aims to reach an additional 2.5 million persons and supply them with sustainable energy services

financed by the Netherlands and Germany, implemented by GTZ; African actors

ongoing €36 Mio in Africa

(second phase has

been agreed with increased

funds)

x x x x

2 Medgas gas pipeline

Algeria, Spain under construction

x x

3 The Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund

Africa KfW, DFID, SIDA; African actors

ongoing x

4 GuarantCo (local currency guarantee facility)

DFID, SIDA; African actors

ongoing x

5 DevCo Africa, global IFC, Sida and others

ongoing x

6 Private Africa, global Sida, DFID, SECO, ongoing x



Countries/region concerned Financing and implementation actors

Status Funding / Time Project Cost frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

a

cce

ss

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

en

ergy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

E

nabl

ing

envi

ronm

ent f

or

inve

stm

ents

R

enew

able

Ene

rgy

and

Ene

rgy

Effi

cien

cy

Red

uctio

n of

gas

fla

ring

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal y

acit

and

tech

nica

l cap

Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG)

DGIS/FMO, ADA

7 The AfDB/Africa Commission’s energy initiative

Africa African Development Bank, Denmark and others

ongoing from 2010

2010 -

x x

8 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)

Global EU support for improved governance

ongoing x

9 Support for AUC Infrastructure and Energy Department

Africa EUEI PDF ongoing 2009-2010

x x

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


6.2 North Africa

No. Project description Countries/region concerned

Financing and implementation actors

Status Funding / Project

cost

Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RCREEE)

MENA region GTZ ongoing, operational

x x

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


6.3 West Africa


Countries/region concerned



Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 West African Gas Pipeline

Ghana, Nigeria EIB near completion

€75 Mio loan to Ghana

Start of commercial operation

expected in 2009

x x

2 FELOU hydroelectricity plant

Mali EU – Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund, EIB

approved, under construction

Infrastructure Trust Fund: €10 Mio as an interest rate subsidy, leveraging additional € 33 Mio from EIB. Project cost estimated at €102.5 Mio

x x

3 ECOWAS Electricity Regulation

WAPP AFD, Ecowas

ongoing

5 Cost effective and environmentally sustainable electricity

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone-DFID x

6 330 kV Aboisse- Ghana-Togo- Funding approved ongoing x





Status Funding / Project Time frame Cost

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

vent

ing

Volta-Lome C-Sakete Interconnection)

Bénin by AfDB, WB, ,KfW, Kuweit Fund, EIB VRA and CEB

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


6.4 East Africa





Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Gilgel Gibe II Hydropower Plant

Ethiopia

EIB, Ethiopia, AfDB under construction

€50 Mio x x

2 Rural Electrification

Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda

Sida, Sweden ongoing x

3 Solar PV marketing

Tanzania Sida and others ongoing x x

4 KPLC grid development

Kenya

EIB and others ongoing €43 Mio Loan agreed in

2005

x x

5 Olkaria II Extension Geothermal Plant

Kenya EIB and others ongoing €32.5 Mio Loan agreed in

2005

x

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


6.5 Central Africa





Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Inga power plant rehabilitation

DRC EIB Loan signed with DRC Government in Dec 2008

€110 Mio x

2 AES-SONEL electricity supply rehabilitation

Cameroon EIB

Finance contract signed Dec 2006

€65 Mio x


6.6 Southern Africa




Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Capacity development SADC members Sweden, Norway ongoing x x 2 Capacity development RERA, Regional

Electricity Regulator Sweden, Norway ongoing x x

3 Energy and Environment Partnership for SADC

SADC Finland, Austria/ADA ongoing

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


7 Future activities: planned or under consideration

7.1 Continental and intercontinental



Status Funding / Project

Cost

Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

2 Tunisia-Italy interconnection

Tunisia-Italy approved, pre-feasibility completed

x

5 Nigeria-Algeria (Transahara) Gas Pipeline pre-feasibility study

Nigeria-Niger-Algeria

Request for financing feasibility study

approved, pre-feasibility completed

x x

6 Mediterranean Ring for electricity and gas

North Africa-EU branch

under definition x

African Fund for Rural Electrification and Peri-urban areas It is aimed at boosting electrification in Africa 53 African States

Terms of reference worked out with AUC. Waiting for EIB response to request for financing the feasibility study

170 208 Euros

2010 -

2011

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____




Status Funding Time / Project

Cost frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

vent

ing

Project of reinforcement of the information system and the capacities of UPDEA for improving the performances of African power companies

54 member utilities from 43 African counties

Waiting for Proinvest final response to request for financing

953 467 Euros


7.2 North Africa




Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 200 MW Wind Farm in the Gulf of el Zayt

Egypt EC, EU MS, KfW, EIB in the pipeline x

2 Tunisia-Libya Gas Pipeline Project

Tunisia-Libya approved, feasibility completed, execution on hold

x

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____


7.3 West Africa




Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

it

tiE

nabl

ing

envi

ronm

ent f

or

it

tR

enew

able

Ene

rgy

and

EE

ffii

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

tiD

evel

opin

g in

stitu

tiona

l and

t

hi

lit

1 Kaleta hydropower plant OMVG

EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund, KfW AFD, AfDB

approved, 276 2015

2 Sambagalou hydropower plant

OMVG AFD, EU – Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund , KfW , AFD, AfDB

approved 449 2015

3 Souapiti hydropower plant OMVG 969 2017

4 Amaria hydropower plant OMVG 309 2016

5 Maria Gleta thermal power plant

WAPP 450

6 Aboadze thermal power plant

WAPP 450

7 OMVG interconnector OMVG EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund, KfW AFD, AfDB

approved 594 2015

8 Ghana-Burkina-Mali Interconnection

Ghana-Burkina-Mali EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund

approved 153 2015

9 Cote d‘Ivoire-Liberia-Sierra Leone-Guinea Interconnexion

Cote d‘Ivoire-Liberia-Sierra Leone-Guinea

EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund, KfW

approved 418 2014


7.4 East Africa




Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Halele Worabesa EAPP 606.6 2014 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

2 Karadobi hydro Power Plant

EAPP 2 040 2018

3 Baro I & II+Genji hydro Power Plant

EAPP 1204.4 2017

4 Geba I & II hydro Power Plant

EAPP 534 2018

5 Genale Dawa VI hydro Power

EAPP 458.3 2016

6 Genale Dawa III hydro Power Plant

EAPP 363.76 2016

7 Mrchison High EAPP 1658.48 2019

8 Olkaria I & IV Power Plants (geothermal)

EAPP KfW, AFD, FMO 400 2013

9 Other Geothermal Power Plants

EAPP 2014-2018

10 Geothermal Power Plants

EAPP 2018-2020




Status Funding / Time frameProject Cost

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

vent

ing

11 Geothermal Power Plants

EAPP 2019

12 Wind projects EAPP 2013 13 Wind projects EAPP 2015

14 Ethiopia-Kenya Interconnection

Ethiopia-Kenya 965 2013

15 Ethiopia-Sudan-Egypt Interconnection

Ethiopia-Sudan-Egypt

Ph1 : 359 Ph2 :1482

Ph1 :2015Ph2 :2020


7.1 Central Africa




Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

Ren

ewab

le E

nerg

y an

d E

nerg

y E

ffici

ency

Red

uctio

n of

gas

flar

ing

and

vent

ing

Dev

elop

ing

inst

itutio

nal a

nd

tech

nica

l cap

acity

1 Piana Mwanga Power Plant

DRC-Burundi 44

2014

2 Ruzizi III hydro Power Plant

DRC-Burundi-Rwanda

480 2014

3 Inga hydro Power Plant SADC, ECCAS, 7 800 2017

4 Inga3-Maquela do Zombo Interconnection

DRC-Angola

152 2013

5 Maroua-Ndjamena Interconnection

Cameroun-Chad

121 2013

6 Interconnection DRC-Burundi

DRC-Burundi

140 2014

7 Inga interconnector SADC, ECCAS, 1 200


7.2 Southern Africa

No. Project description Countries/region concerned Financing and implementation actors


Time frame

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g

Infr

astr

uctu

re in

vest

men

t

Mob

ilisi

ng r

esou

rces

for

acc

ess

Reg

iona

l int

egra

tion,

ene

rgy

inte

rcon

nect

ions

Ena

blin

g en

viro

nmen

t for

in

vest

men

ts

1 Kafue Gorge Lower power plant SADC 600 2017 ____ ____ ___

2 Mmamabula thermal Power Plant

SADC 1 000 2014

3 Batoka SADC 1250 2017

4 Gokwe North SADC 1200 2016

5 HCB North Bank hydro Power Plant

SADC 771 2012

6 Mepanda Uncua hydro Power Plant

SADC 2000

7 Temane Gas SADC 370

8 Kariba South ext. SADC 200

9 ZIZABONA Interconnection Zimbabwe-Zambia-Botswana-

Namibia 225 2013

10 Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya Interconnection

Zambia-Tanzania-Kenya 330

11 Ethiopia-Kenya Interconnection Ethiopia-Kenya


8 Regional targets on access to energy services This section synthesizes the targets on access to energy, drawn from the energy access strategies established by some of the RECs.

REC Cooking Motive power Individual electric service

ECOWAS Improved cooking: 100% by 2015, including approximately 20% with LPG.

60% of rural population with access to motive power, for productive activities and basic services.

66% of the population

CEMAC

Improved household fuels for 80% of the population by 2015: • LPG dissemination

rate in peri-urban areas 70%, in secondary towns 50%

• Improved woodfuel/charcoal stoves with chimneys for other households

80% target achieved: LPG accounting for 44% and stoves for 36%

50% of the population by 2015: • 50% of the peri-

urban population via the power grid

• individual power supplies to 35% of rural households (grid or off-grid)

• infrastructure in non-electrified villages, giving 56% of rural inhabitants access to power supplies

At least 50% of the EAC population has access to modern energy services by 2015.

EAC

Access to modern cooking practices for 50% of traditional biomass users (scaling up the current improved cook stoves industries)

Access to mechanical power for productive uses for all Communities (alternative, low-cost options include micro hydro and off-grid solutions powered by diesel, solar, wind, biofuels, and biomass.)

• Access to modern energy services for all urban and peri-urban poor (urban electrification).

• Access to electricity for all schools, clinics, hospitals, and community centres.


Part 3: Financing instruments

9 EC Funding instruments

9.1 Synthesis of EC’s instruments on energy in ACP countries

Instrument Geographical

coverage Primary objective

Amount on energy

Size of projects /

level

Kind of relevant activities

Manager Modalities

Accomplished

COOPENER ACP + other

DCs

emphasise the role of energy in enabling poverty eradication and sustainable

development

€15m Small

- Governance, - capacity building

EACI Call for

proposals (CfP)

ongoing

Some Regional projects from the

8th EDF ACPs Various

of regional interest

- PREDAS (biomass energy) and PRS II (energy for access to water) in West Africa

EuropeAid / Delegations

Contribution agreements with

RECs

Infrastructure Trust Fund 9th

EDF African ACPs

Economic development, regional integration and

poverty reduction through regional interconnectivity

infrastructure projects

€ 108m from EC, 40% on energy?

Trans-border / of regional interest

- interest rate subsidies; - TA: EIA, project supervision and CB; - direct grants; - insurance premia

EuropeAid, TF managed

by EIB,

projects chosen by the Trust

Fund Executive Committee

Energy Facility 1 (74 projects +TA to

Power Pools ongoing)ACP

poverty reduction through increased aacccceessss

€220 m Local,

national & regional

Governance, small and large infrastructure, facilitation for crossborder interconnection

EuropeAid CfP + Service

contract

ACP Investment Facility 9th EDF

ACP countries local PS investment, support to FDI, development of local

€ 3,9 bn (EC + EIB) big

- mainly interest rate subsidies + some TA;

EIB projects chosen

by the Board


Size of Geographical Amount Kind of relevant

Instrument coverage

Primary objective on energy

projects / Manager Modalities activities

level financial sector, support to commercially viable public

enterprises

€443m on energy

ENRTP15 / energy including:

all DCs

environmental issues inc. sustainable energy through

supporting policy development and innovative financing

mechanisms

€ 120 m on energy for 2007-2010

EuropeAid CfP in 2008 CfP in 2009

Targeted actions

- CfP 2008Some ACPs (oil producers, hydro

potential)

Improve management of energy resources

€ 13 m €0.5m to

2.5m / project

- capacity building, demonstration projects in RE&EE, creation of local energy agencies

EuropeAid CfP

- CfP 2009-2010 Africa (+others) support the implementation

of the AEEP € 9 m

€0.5m to 1.5m / project

development of regional energy markets, including capacity building to African regional institutions

EuropeAid CfP

- GEEREF16All regions

except neighbouring?

Climate change / expansion of RE and EE

€ 70 m EC (total € 110

m) national

- equity fund for small and medium sized enterprises & projects

EuropeAid + EIB/EIF

Fund managed by EIF, projects selected by a

board of donors

ENRTP / GCCA17 Mainly LDCs & SIDS

Climate change (mainly adaptation to cc impacts)

€ 50 m national - capacity building for CDM EuropeAid

Budgetary support?

R&D Framework Programme 7

Not Sub-Saharan Africa for the moment

€ 32m - research on PV, biofuels, CO2 CCS - technology transfer

DG Research

intra-ACP 9th EDF

4 ACP regions Capacity support for

sustainable management of energy resources

€ 7m ~€2 m / region

Governance (capacity building) EuropeAid

15 ENRTP: Environment and sustainable management of natural resources, including energy 16 GEEREF: Global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund 17 GCCA: Global Climate Change Alliance


Size of Geographical Amount Kind of relevant

Instrument coverage

Primary objective on energy

projects / Manager Modalities activities

level

PSTICB18 ACP + South

Africa

S&T policies (inc. energy with special attention to renewables) for SD and

pov. Reduction

€ 35.35 m in total / €5-7 on energy?

€ 0.35 to 1m /

project

Research, networking of energy centers

EuropeAid

foreseen

RIP 10th EDF West and

Central Africa? ? regional

- governance? - support to Power Pools?

Delegations Contribution

Agreements with the RECs

NIP 10th EDF 14 ACP

countries € 106 m National

Delegations

Financing Agreements with

the States

Infrastructure Trust Fund 10th

EDF

ACPs (3 TFs, 1 Africa, 1 Car, 1

Pac)

Economic development, regional integration and

poverty reduction through regional interconnectivity

infrastructure projects

€ 300m from EC, 40% on energy?

Trans-border / of regional interest

- interest rate subsidies; - TA: EIA, project supervision and CB; - direct grants; - insurance premia

EuropeAid , TF managed

by EIB,

projects chosen by the Trust

Fund Executive Committee

ACP Investment Facility 10th EDF

ACP countries

local private sector investment, support to FDI,

development of local financial sector, support to commercially viable public

enterprises

Total: €3,1 bn (EC +

EIB) / % on energy?

big

- mainly interest rate subsidies + some TA;

EIB projects chosen

by the Board

Energy Facility II ACP poverty reduction through

increased aacccceessss €200 m

Local, national & regional?

Governance, small + medium-sized infrastructure ?

EuropeAid CfP + pool fund?

18 PSTICB: Programme for science and technology innovations and capacity building


9.2 Synthesis of EU-ACP Energy Facility projects

Country of project Title of the project Duration (months)

Total cost

(Mio. €)

EU contrib. (Mio.€)

Multicountry: all ACP countries Energy access for the poor: improving energy governance by informing and engaging ACP legislators

36 1,00 0,75

Multicountry: Bénin, Burkina Faso, Cameroun, République Centreafricaine, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo Brazaville, RDC, Gabon, Guinée Conakry, Madagascar, Mali, mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal, Tchad

Appui au Club des agences et structures nationales africaines en charge de l'électrification rurale

36 1,54 1,14

Regional: Burkina Faso et Ghana Cross border supply of electricity to communities in Burkina Faso 15 1,50 0,75

Regional: Burkina Faso, Bénin, Ghana, Mali

Renforcement des capacités des collectivités, de la société civile, des secteurs privé et public dans les pays membres de la CEDEAO dans le domaine de l'énergie

36 1,15 0,87

Regional: Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée Bissau, Mali

Déployer les systèmes d'information énergétiques nationaux au Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée Bissau et au Mali

36 1,82 0,91

Regional: Cameroun,Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Guinée Equatoriale, Tchad

Projet d'électrification périurbaine intensive 48 20,31 9,98

Regional: Haiti, Republica Dominica Desarrollo local de la zona transfronteriza dominicano-haitiana a través de la reforestación con Jatropha curcas y la producción al nivel comunitario de energía renovable a partir de biomasa vegetal

48 1,11 0,79

Regional: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania Developing energy enterprises project East Africa 60 4,00 2,00 Regional: Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire Cross- border supply of electricity to rural communities in Liberia 30 9,65 4,83

Regional: Malawi, Zimbawe, Mozambique Catalysing modern energy service delivery to marginal communities in Southern Africa

60 2,16 1,62

Regional: S.Lucia, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas

Increasing the sustainability of the energy sector in the Caribbean through improved governance and management

36 1,97 1,40

Regional: Togo, Ghana Crossborder supply of electricity to rural communities in Togo 18 3,60 1,50 Programme d'électrification rurale par réseau SBEE 36 20,08 7,70

Benin SETUP: Services Energétiques et Techniques à Usage Productif au Bénin 48 2,79 2,09

Burkina Faso Développement des marchés de combustibles alternatifs autour des usines de production cotonnière en Afrique de l'Ouest

48 0,69 0,32


Solar energy for improved energy services in rural areas 48 3,34 2,15

Cape Verde Servicio Energetico Sostenibile para poblaciones Rurales Aisladas mediante Micro-redes con energia renovables en la Isla de Santa Antao

36 1,48 1,11

Projet d'Electrification de 28 Villages en zone rurale dans 6 Communes de la Province de l'Extrême Nord du Cameroun

36 9,95 4,98 Cameroun

Electricity for rural development in Rumpi Area 48 13,47 6,63 Renforcement et extension du réseau électrique de distribution dans 107 localités en milieu rural en Côte d'Ivoire

24 15,76 7,88

Electrification des quartiers périurbains de la ville d'Abidjan avec prolongement du réseau existant

32 2,48 1,86 Ivory Coast

Electrification de 23 localités rurales érigées en chefs-lieux de Sous-Préfecture

24 14,81 7,40

Dominica Preparation of geothermal based crossborder electrical interconnection in the Caribbean

24 4,00 1,50

Programa de electrificacion rural en Republica Dominicana basado en fuentes de energia renovable

60 5,09 2,50

Conformación de Cooperativas electricas para la gestión de servicios en barrios pobres de la zona Este de la República Dominicana

36 1,84 1,37 Dominican Republic

Conversion de la biomasa a energia electrica en Mata de Palma, comunidad canera tradicional de la provincia de El Seibo

48 9,03 2,55

Eritrea Expansion of LPG storage and distribution facilities to rural areas of Eritrea 24 9,23 4,61 Community managed renewable energy program for rural Ethiopia 36 1,29 0,97

Ethiopia HydroBioPower: livelihood improvement in rural area through collaborative development of renewable energy sources in Oromia and Southern Nations Regional States of Ethiopia

36 1,00 0,75

Ghana Facilitating the provision of sustainable energy and environment for rural development

48 3,51 1,50

Guinea Levée des obstacles au développement de la filière pico hydroélectrique en Guinée

24 0,52 0,39

Guinea Bissau Projet multisectoriel de réhabilitation des infrastructures - volet énergie 17 1,28 0,64 Promoting use of sustainable energy in Wajir District 36 0,48 0,36 Up scaling the smaller biogas Plants for agricultural producers and processors

36 1,97 1,33 Kenya Community based mini hydropower development in upper Tana river basin for poverty alleviation

24 2,35 3,14

Madagascar Aménagement hydroélectrique du site de Befanaova sur la rivière Sahambano et projet d'électrification rurale dans la zone de Ihosy - Madagascar

30 3,31 2,48


Appui à la synergie énergie - environnement dans le sud-est de Madagascar 36 0,97 0,73 Electrification rurale décentralisée par énergies renouvelables dans le sud de Madagascar

60 1,16 0,87

Projet LEMENA: Mise en place d'un reseau électrique local en zone rurale à partir d'une ressource renouvelable

46 2,52 1,73

Bioenergelec 36 3,16 1,96 Projet d'électrification de la région de SAVA 60 18,00 6,00 Programme Rhyvière- Madagascar (Réseau hydroélectrique villageois Energie et Respect de l'Environnement)

48 2,30 1,73

Malawi Msamala sustainable Energy Project 60 2,41 1,81 Project d'initiatives locales d'electrification solaire (Piles) 36 0,40 0,29 Projet d'électrification rurale dans le Brakna 36 1,61 1,14

Mauritania Accès universel à l'énergie: mise à niveau d'infrastructures et délégation de services publics d'électrification rurale dans 20 localités rurales de 6 wilayas (régions)

36 5,38 2,50

Electrificaçao da Comunidade de Majana 36 2,49 1,87 Improved access to energy services in isolated rural areas of Mozambique by application of photovoltaic systems

60 3,33 2,45

Rural electrification of Tete Districts Capitals (RETDC) 36 16,37 7,18 Rural electrification in Cabo Delgado province, phase III lot 2 36 21,82 3,97 Rural Electrification of Chibabava and Buzi Districts in Sofala Province 36 12,17 6,08 Capacity building in energy planning and management 60 1,42 1,03

Mozambique

Red de centros de servicios energeticos basicos alimentados con sistemas fotovoltaicos basados en la mejora de servicios sociales basicos y en desarrollo de capacidades locales y la autogestion energetica para comunidades rurales aisladas de Mozambique

36 2,57 1,93

Namibia Tsumkwe Energy 36 3,01 2,25

Nigeria Solar Energy Solutions for Motive power needs in energy poor Niger Delta communities

12 0,32 0,24

RDC Eco Makala: viabilisation durable de l'approvisionment en bois-énergie des populations rurales riveraines de la ville de Goma

60 2,40 1,79

Ligne électrique de Muhura 24 0,62 0,46 Community assisted Access Sustainable Energy in Rwanda (CASE-RWANDA)

36 1,00 0,75 Rwanda

Increased Rural Energy Access in Rwanda through PPP (IREA RPPP) 60 20,31 9,07

Sénégal Projet de développement de l'accès des populations rurales sénégalaises aux services électriques (Prodapes - Kolda Vélingara)

60 13,14 6,47

Sierra Leone Restoration of electricity supply and distribution network to rural 30 10,00 4,71


communities in Sierra Leone, West Africa Somalia Somalia Energy and Livelihood Project 36 2,00 1,50

Mwenga 3 MW hydro Power Plant 48 7,81 3,60 Best Ray (Bringing energy services to Tanzanian rural areas) 36 1,50 1,13 Tanzania Up scaling access to integrated modern energy services for poverty reduction

60 3,05 2,29

Tchad Etablissement d'un plan de développement du secteur de l'énergie 28 1,86 1,36 Uganda Providing access to modern energy for northern Uganda (PAMENU) 36 4,08 2,40

The answer is blowing in the wind - Improving access to energy services for the communities of Futuna and Aneityum Islands (Vanuatu) using wind technology

30 0,54 0,40

Provision of renewable energy to 4 villages of North East Malekula Island, Malampa province using locally produced copra oil as biofuel

24 1,14 0,85

Provision of renewable energy to 3 villages in Ambae Islands, Penama province, Vanuatu, using locally produced copra oil as biofuel

24 0,78 0,59

Vanuatu

Provision of renewable energy to two villages in Vanualva Island, Torba province (Vanuatu) using locally produced copra oil as biofuel

12 0,52 0,39

Rural electricity infrastructure and small scale projects (increased access to energy services in rural areas)

60 36,51 9,98 Zambia

Increased access to Electricity Services 60 33,00 10,00 Zimbabwe Installation of a steam engine powered generation set at Charter Sawmill 24 0,82 0,50


List of Acronyms AAA Accra Agenda for Action ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific countries ADA Austrian Development Agency AFUR African Forum for Utility Regulators AEEP Africa-EU Energy Partnership AFD Agence française de développement AFREC African Energy Commission ALTENER Renewable Energy Programme of the European Commission AUC African Union Commission BDSA Development Bank of Southern Africa BEST Biomass Energy Strategy CDM Clean Development Mechanism COMELEC Comité Maghrébin de l'Électricité DEEP-EA Development Energy Enterprise Project - East Africa DFID UK Department for International Development DGIS Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs EC European Commission ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EDF European Development Fund EIB European Investment Bank EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EnDev Energising Development ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assistance Program EU JRC EU Joint Research Centre EUEI PDF European Union Energy Initiative – Partnership Dialogue Facility FMO Entrepreneurial Development Bank of the Netherlands GTZ German Technical Cooperation ICA Infrastructure Consortium for Africa IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IEA International Energy Agency INCO Programme for International Scientific Cooperation of the EC IPEEC Initiative International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation Initiative IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency KfW German Development Bank MDGs Millennium Development Goals MED-ENEC Energy Efficiency in the Construction Sector in the Mediterranean MENA Middle East and North Africa NEPAD IPPF NEPAD Infrastructure Project Preparation Facility NEPAD MLTSF NEPAD Medium to Long Term Strategic Framework NEPAD STAP NEPAD Short Term Action Plan NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NIPs National Indicative Plans OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PERACOD Programme pour la promotion de l’électrification et de l’approvisionnement

durable en combustibles domestiques en Sénégal PIDA Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers RIPs Regional Indicative Plans SAPP Southern African Power Pool SAVE Energy Efficiency Programme of the European Commission Sida Swedish International Development Agency TEN-E Trans-European Networks - Energy UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPDEA Union of Producers and Distributors of Electricity in Africa WHO World Health Organization

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