AfricaThe Land of Great Contrast

Namesake: The name Africa

came into Western use through

the Romans, who used the

name Africa terra "land of the

Afri" for the northern part of the

continent. Afri may possibly

refer to a tribe that inhabited

North Africa.

INSULAR LOCATION

North

Mediterranean Sea

East

Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean

West

Atlantic Ocean

South

Southern Ocean

Africais the second

largest

continent with

total land area

of 30,300,000

sq. km.

Civilization In Egypt

Africa was home of man's oldest civilization and birthplace of humanity.

Algeria is the largest state in Africa

and the tenth-largest country in the

world

Seychelles is the smallest

recognize state in Africa.

Madagascar is the largest island

in Africa.

South Sudan is the continent's newest country.

Largest African Countries: (by

land area)

Algeria: 2,381,741 sq km

Congo, DRC: 2,344,858 sq km

Sudan: 1,861,484 sq km

Libya: 1,759,540 sq km

Chad: 1,284,000 sq km

Niger: 1,267,000 sq km

Angola: 1,246,700 sq km

Mali: 1,240,192 sq km

South Africa: 1,221.037 sq km

Ethiopia: 1,104,300 sq km

Geographic Center:

The geographic center of Africa is located within LobekeNational Park in far southeastern Cameroon at 2° 37' N 16° 06' E. (see map)

Horizontal Width: 4,355 miles (7,009

km) from Dakar, Senegal, east to

Mogadishu, Somalia (see map)

Vertical Length: 4,504 miles (7,248 km)

from Cape Town, South Africa north to

Tripoli, Libya: (see map)

The Sahara

and Other

Deserts

Africa is centered

on Equator and

the Continent lies

between tropic of

cancer and

capricorn.

Southern African region covers by

two desert: Kalahari and Namib Desert.

TRIVIAAfrica is the only continent lies

on Equator and Prime Meridian also Tropic of Cancer and

Capricorn.

North Region is Sahara Desert -

the world's largest desert and it is

larger than USA.

Arab Family In Egypt

Sahara is the dividing line between

African-Arab Nations and Black

Nations to the South.

Sahara is made up of smaller

deserts in the east - Libyan, Arabian

and Nubian Deserts.

North and Southern Africa

(1) Black Africa to the South(2) African-Arab States to the North.

Sahara Or North Africa divide the people into two distinct types:

1. Influenced by Greek and Roman civilization

2. Influenced by Islamic religion.

The Great Rift Valley

A long depression or opening in the Earth runs through the Eastern Highlands.

Great Rift Valley is active tectonic plate.

1.1 Nile River - The world's longest lake also flows in Great Rift Valley.

1.2 Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) -

Highest peak in Africa.

1.3 Mt. Kenya - Highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro.

Climate

Climate of Africa

ranges from tropical

to sub-arctic.

Africa is the hottest

continent on Earth.

60% of Continent are deserts and dry lands.

58°c the highest recorded temperature (1922 in Libya) on Earth.

Desert or Arid in

Northern half of

Africa.

Savanna Plain

and jungle in

Central to South

Region.

Rivers and

Other

Waterforms

(1) Nile River

(2) Niger River

(3) Congo (Zaire) River

(4) Zambezi River

(1) Nile River

(6,695km) – Longest

River in the world.

(1.1) Aswan High

Dam - irrigates the

fertile land in Egypt

and Sudan.

(1.2) Lake Nasser -

artificial lake.

Nile river in Cairo, Egypt

(2) Niger River - main river

in Western Africa.

(3) Congo (Zaire) River - flows north and

west curve to the Atlantic Ocean.

Victoria Falls in the end of Zambezi River

(4) Zambezi River - flows from

Zambia to Indian Ocean.

Savanna

and Wildlife

Savannas are

between desert

region and rainforest.

Savannas are home of wild beasts, giraffes, zebras, lions, rhino and etc.

Africa has over 3,000 protected areas which includes:¤ 198 marine protected areas¤ 50 biosphere reserves¤ 80 wetland reserves

TRIVIA

Africa has the largest

number of

megafauna species

or giant animals.

Languages in Africa

Major

Languages

Arabic

Swahili

Hausa

Khoi-san

English

French

Afrikaans

Arabic - is the chief tongue in Northern Africa.

Swahili (Bantu Languages) - used by

Eastern Africans.

Hausa - language spoken in west.

Khoi-San - unusual language of Bushmen and Hottentots which is characterized by clicking sounds.

English and French - are the official

languages of former European

colonies.

Afrikaans - a Germanic language developed by Dutch settlers in 1600's.

Population

and People

Africa is

the second

most populous

continent with

1,032,532

(2011).

2006 Distribution Of Population .

* City with at least 1million people.

Population

Density of

30.51 Sq. Km

in 2011

Nigeria is the largest human

concentration in Africa.

Largest African Countries By

Populations: (2012 UN estimates)

Nigeria: 166,629,000

Ethiopia: 86,539,000

Egypt: 83,958,000

Congo, DRC: 69,575,000

South Africa: 50,738,000

Tanzania: 47,656,000

Sudan: 45,722,000

Kenya: 42,749,000

Algeria: 36,486,000

Uganda: 35,621,000

Morocco: 32,599,000

Ghana: 25,546,000

Mozambique: 24,475,000

Cote d'Ivoire: 20,595,000

Cameroon: 20,469,000

Angola: 20,163,000

Major Tribes

and Settlers

in Africa

Negroes

Bushmen

Hottentots

Nilokos

Dinkas

Pygmies

Caucasian Or

North African

Berbers

Bedouins

Negroes

1. Bushmen - tribe hunters in Kalahari Desert.

Hottentots - nomadic herdic people of

southwest.

Nilokos

o NBA Player

Manute Bol Is

Dinka Ethnic.

Dinkas - live in Nile River Basin, they are

dark-skinned and tall.

Pygmies - grow taller than 4.5 ft.,

hunters in tropical rainforest.

Caucasian

Or North

African

Berbers - dwell north of the Sahara.

Bedouins - nomadic tribe, they live in tents and roam the vast desert.

Religion

Major Religion

in Africa

45% are Christians

40% are Muslims

15% are traditional

African religions

The Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Addis

Ababa, Ethiopia

The Great

Mosque of

Kairouan,

founded in 670, is

the oldest

mosque in North

Africa, it is

located in

Kairouan, Tunisia

Voodoo Altar

in Benin

shows one of

the beliefs in

African

religion.

Slavery in

Africa

Slavery had long

been practiced in

Africa. Between

the 7th and 20th

centuries, Arab

and Europeans

slave trade took

18 million slaves

from Africa.

Routes of Slaver Trade in Africa

(15th to 19th) Century in Atlantic

A point of no return in Ouidah, Benin, a

former gateway for slaves to slave ships.

Colonization

in Africa

In the 19th century, European nationsbegan to compete for control of Africa. To avoid wars over territory, European and U.S. leaders met and discussed how to divide Africa. No Africans were consulted. Over the next 20 years, many countries established colonies in Africa. By 1912, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent. This colonization often tensions and led to violence among African ethnic groups.

Ethiopia and Liberia, the only country not

colonized by Europeans.

List of Countries who colonize Africa

Belgium

Germany

Spain

France

United Kingdom

Italy

Portugal

The African

Union

The African

Union (AU) is a

54 member

federation

consisting of all

of Africa's states

except

Morocco.

Pan-African Parliament is

the legislative body of

the African Union

The union was

relocated

to Midrand, in

South Africa from

Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia.

African

Union offer hope

for greater co-

operation and

peace between

the continent's

many countries.

Economy

Although it has abundant natural resources, Africa remains the world's poorest and most underdeveloped continent, the result of a variety of causes that may include the spread of deadly diseases (notably HIV/AIDS and malaria), corrupt governments that have often committed serious human rights violations, failed central planning, high levels of illiteracy, lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal andmilitary conflict.

According to the

United Nations'

Human

Development

Report in 2003, the

bottom 25 ranked

nations (151st to

175th) were all

African.

Satellite image of city lights in Africa showing the lack of modern development on the continent (October 2000).

The new figures confirm that sub-Saharan Africa has been the least successful region of the world in reducing poverty ($1.25 per day). The average poor person in sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to live on only 70 cents per day.

Democratic

Republic of the

Congo (DRC) has

70% of the world's

coltan. The DRC

also has more than

30% of the world's

diamond reserves.

Guinea is the world's largest

exporter of bauxite.

People's Republic of

China has built

increasingly stronger

ties with African

nations. In 2007,

Chinese companies

invested a total of

US$1 billion in Africa.

CFA Franc:The Official Currency used in 14

Countries of Africa

CFA Francs are used in 14 countries: 12 formerly French-ruled African countries, as well as in Guinea-Bissau (a former Portuguese colony) and in Equatorial Guinea (a former Spanish colony).

Green - Central African CFA Franc

Red - Western African CFA Franc

The CFA franc is the

name of two

currencies used in

Africa which are

guaranteed by the

French treasury.

Western African CFA Franc

Benin

Burkina Faso

Ivory Coast

Guinea-Bissau

Mali

Niger

Senegal

Togo

Central African CFA Franc

Cameroon

Central African Republic

Chad

Republic of the Congo

Equatorial Guinea

Gabon

Regions in

Africa

Northern Africa

Algeria

Egypt

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Morroco

South Sudan

Sudan

Tunisia

Western Sahara

Eastern Africa

Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti,

Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,

Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,

Mayotte, Mozambique, Reunion,

Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia,

Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and

Zimbabwe.

Middle Africa

Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Congo Republic Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe

Western Africa

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde,

Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast, Gambia,

Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,

Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,

Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra

Leone and Togo.

Southern Africa

Botswana

Lesotho

Namibia

South Africa

Swaziland

Must See

Features of

Africa

The Pyramid Of Khufu in Egypt

TRIVIA 118 pyramids were constructed by

20,000 to 30,000 Egyptian workers, in

the service of the Pharaohs of Ancient

Egypt.

The Pink Lake

Lake Retba or Lac

Rose It is so named

for its pink waters,

caused by Dunaliella

salina algae in the

water that produce a

red pigment that uses

sunlight to create

more energy, turning

the waters pink.

Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in

the rugged Zimbabwe. It was the

capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe

during the country’s Late Iron Age.

Seven Coloure Earths at Chamarel

in Mauritius

The rock-hewn Church of Saint Georgein Lalibela, Ethiopia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Capetown in South Africa, first discovered by Bartholemew Diaz of Spain.

Ngorongoro Conservation Area - is a conservatioarea and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 180 km (110 mi) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzana.

Problems in

Africa Today

“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

~Nelson Mandela

That Is AFRiCA

~The End~

Referrences

World Geography

Wikipedia.org

Encyclopedia Britannica

Google and Wikipedia Images

Prepared By:

Francisco L. Gatchalian III101Su-Soc14