AFFORDABILITY IN OREGON HIGHER EDUCATION · 2019. 11. 25. · 7 COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION AND FEES...
Transcript of AFFORDABILITY IN OREGON HIGHER EDUCATION · 2019. 11. 25. · 7 COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION AND FEES...
AFFORDABILITY IN OREGON HIGHER EDUCATION BEN CANNON, DIRECTOR, HIGHER EDUCATION COORDINATING COMMISSION
OSU
1February 7, 2017Presented to: House Committee on Higher Education and Workforce Development
Clackamas CCOregon Coast CC
HOW AFFORDABLE IS OREGON HIGHER EDUCATION?
LBCC
AFFORDABILITY: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ISSUE
Student or family resources
Tuition
Other costs of attendance
(room and board, textbook, supplies, transportation etc.)
Financial Aid (state, federal,
institutional, private)Completion
Time to completion
Type of degree/certificate/
major
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MEASURING AFFORDABILITY
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Tuition: okay
Cost of attendance: good
Net price: better
Net price to income: best
Other factors: not systematically quantified
Also … debt.
Source: HECC analysis of community college and HECC data
COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION AND FEES
$3,206
$4,904
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
5
6
COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION AND FEES
$3,206
$3,665
$4,904
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
Tuition and fees adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
Source: HECC analysis of community college and HECC data
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COMMUNITY COLLEGE TUITION AND FEES
$3,206
$3,665
$4,904
$1,680
$2,100
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
Tuition and fees adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
OOG maximum grant size adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
Source: HECC analysis of community college and HECC data
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$5,821
$8,764
$-
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Public university resident tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
PUBLIC UNIVERSITY TUITION AND FEES
Source: HECC analysis of university and HECC data
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$5,821
$6,654
$8,764
$-
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Public university resident tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
Public university resident tuition and fees adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
PUBLIC UNIVERSITY TUITION AND FEES
Source: HECC analysis of university and HECC data
10
$5,821
$6,654
$8,764
$2,003
$2,100
$-
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Public university resident tuition and fees unadjusted for inflation
Public university resident tuition and fees adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
OOG maximum grant size adjusted for inflation (2015 dollars)
PUBLIC UNIVERSITY TUITION AND FEES
Source: HECC analysis of university and HECC data
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TOTAL “COST OF ATTENDANCE”
Tuition plus …
…Mandatory fees
…Housing
…Food
…Transportation
…Supplies
…Textbooks
Source: HECC, Textbook Affordability Workgroup: Final
Report and Recommendations, May 2015
15%
37%
40%
8%
HECC survey: For the Fall 2014 term,
how much did you spend on
textbooks?
$0 - $100
$100 - $250
$250 - $500
$500 +
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“NET PRICE”
• “Cost of attendance” minus grant aid (e.g. Pell, OOG, Oregon Promise, institutional aid)
• Varies by student
• Can be expressed as an average
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NET PRICE RELATIVE TO OREGON FAMILY INCOME
Source: Penn Graduate School of Education, “2016 College Affordability Diagnosis for Oregon” http://www.gse.upenn.edu/pdf/irhe/affordability_diagnosis/Oregon_Affordability2016.pdf
Percent of
Income (2013)
Weeks of Work at
Minimum Wage
Oregon’s
Ranking
Public Two-Year 22 19 42
Public Four-Year
Nondoctoral32 31 41
Public Research 34 32 39
Private Four-Year
Nondoctoral51 48 39
What percent of family income would be need to attend college full time at Oregon higher education institutions?
NET PRICE AS PERCENT OF INCOME, PUBLIC TWO-YEAR COLLEGES
Institute for Research on Higher Education. (2016). College Affordability Diagnosis: National Report. Philadelphia, PA: Institute for Research on Higher Education,
Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania. http:// www2.gse.upenn.edu/irhe/affordability-diagnosis.
Map link: http://peabody.vanderbilt.edu/research/studies/affordability/maps_cc.php
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STUDENT DEBT, OREGON GRADUATES
Students graduating from 4-year
institution (public or private) Oregon U.S.
Percentage with loans 63% 68%
Median amount of loans $27,697 $30,100
Source: The Institute for College Access & Success. 2016. "Project on Student Debt, State by State Data." http://ticas.org/posd/mapstate-data#.
STUDENT DEBT, LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
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39.4%
59.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Did not complete Did complete
42.0%
62.5%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Received Pell grant No Pell grant
Student loan repayment is concentrated among those from higher income backgrounds who complete their degrees
Federal student loan repayment rates*, 3 years after leaving school
*Repayment rates measure the percentage of students who have successfully paid off at least $1 of loan principal.
Source: U.S. Department of Education data, as reported in New America. 2017. “New Data Show Wider Repayment Gap Between Low- and High-Income Borrowers.” https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/edcentral/new-data-show-repayment-gap-between-low-and-high-income-borrowers-wider-realized/
FOOD INSECURITY
Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab, January 13, 2016, “What We’re Learning: Food and Housing
Insecurity among College Students A Data Update.” 17
HOUSING INSECURITY
Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab, January 13, 2016, “What We’re Learning: Food and Housing
Insecurity among College Students A Data Update.” 18
STUDENT FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO FAMILIES
Source: Wisconsin HOPE Lab, January 13, 2016, “What We’re Learning: Food and Housing
Insecurity among College Students A Data Update.” 19
SO, IS THE PRICE WORTH PAYING?
U.S. Median Earnings and Tax Payments of Full-Time Year-Round Workers Age 25 and Older, by Education Level, 2015
SOURCE: The College Board, Education Pays 2016, Figure 2.120
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE AFFORDABILITY?
Chemeketa CCOregon Coast CCOSUOSU
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A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM REQUIRES MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS
• Minimize the need for tuition increases
• Increase grant aid for the lowest-income students
• Create low-cost pathways to lower division and CTE courses
• Smooth transfer pathways to four-year institutions
• Improve graduation rates
• Maximize opportunity in high-return fields
• Support innovations that lower student costs (e.g. Open Educational Resources)
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A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM REQUIRES MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS
• Minimize the need for tuition increases
• Increase grant aid for the lowest-income students
• Create low-cost pathways to lower division and CTE courses
• Smooth transfer pathways to four-year institutions
• Improve graduation rates
• Maximize opportunity in high-return fields
• Support innovations that lower student costs (e.g. Open Educational Resources)
OREGON PUBLIC FTE ENROLLMENT AND EDUCATIONAL APPROPRIATIONS PER FTE, FY 1990-2015
24
$8
,00
2
$8
,14
4
$7
,88
2
$7
,93
6
$7
,74
0
$7
,93
8
$7
,18
3
$7
,41
5
$7
,35
9
$7
,51
4
$7
,48
7
$7
,92
2
$7
,06
5
$6
,57
2
$5
,88
2
$5
,73
7
$5
,99
3
$6
,06
6
$6
,37
7
$5
,96
6
$5
,15
2
$4
,75
0
$4
,13
6
$4
,22
0
$4
,51
5
$5
,09
6
$2
,87
9
$2
,89
9
$3
,32
5
$3
,32
6
$3
,95
7
$4
,23
1
$4
,42
2
$4
,36
1
$4
,19
0
$3
,97
4
$5
,11
7
$4
,42
9
$4
,56
4
$4
,97
1
$5
,38
3
$5
,66
5
$5
,57
9
$5
,72
2
$5
,64
3
$5
,20
4
$5
,16
6
$6
,16
8
$6
,53
3
$6
,95
9
$7
,92
4
$8
,18
9
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
Do
llars
per
FTE
Pu
blic
FTE
En
rollm
ent
(Th
ou
san
ds)
OREGONPUBLIC FTE ENROLLMENT AND EDUCATIONAL APPROPRIATIONS PER FTE, FY 1990-2015
NET TUITION REVENUE PER FTE EDUCATIONAL APPROPRIATIONS PER FTE PUBLIC FTE ENROLLMENT
NOTES: Data adjusted for inflation using the Higher Education Cost Adjustment (HECA). Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollment equates student credit hours to full-time, academic year students, but excludes medical students. Educational appropriations are a measure of state and local support available for public higher education operating
expenses including ARRA funds, and exclude appropriations for independent institutions, financial aid for students attending independent institutions, research, hospitals, and medical education. Net tuition revenue is calculated by taking the gross amount of tuition and fees, less state and institutional financial aid, tuition waivers or discounts,
Data Source: 2015 State Higher Education Finance Report, SHEEO, http://www.sheeo.org
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STUDENT SHARE: NET TUITION AS A PERCENT OFF TOTAL EDUCATIONAL REVENUE, FY 2015
46.5%
61.6%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
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Data Source: 2015 State Higher Education Finance Report, SHEEO, http://www.sheeo.org
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STATE FUNDING: NATIONAL DATA
According to the 2015 State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) Report, Oregon public funding per student was still ranked among lowest nationwide:
• Oregon ranked 45th in the actual public educational appropriation per student in 2015 ($4,788 per student compared with $6,966 nationally).
• Since the 2008 recession, Oregon saw the 20th highest rate of decrease in public funding per student, showing that investments did not kept pace with enrollment over this time.
• This SHEF report addresses funding for 2015 and earlier. It does not take into account the significant new higher education investment the Oregon Legislature made in the 2015-17 biennium.
2017 preliminary numbers show significant increases, but Oregon is still accounting for years of under-investment.
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A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM REQUIRES MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTIONS
• Minimize the need for tuition increases
• Increase grant aid for the lowest-income students
• Create low-cost pathways to lower division and CTE courses
• Smooth transfer pathways to four-year institutions
• Improve graduation rates
• Maximize opportunity in high-return fields
• Support innovations that lower student costs (e.g. Open Educational Resources)
28
OREGON’S MAJOR HECC-ADMINISTERED FINANCIAL AID PROGRAMS
39,000 students received OOG awards totaling $64 million in the 2015-2016 academic year.
Oregon Opportunity
Grant
About 7,000 students projected to receive Oregon Promise awards totaling $11 - $13 million in 2016-2017.
Oregon Promise Grant
Over 500 HECC-administered private scholarships, plus Chafee grants for former foster youth, and more.
Other programs
29
NEED-BASED AID:THE OREGON OPPORTUNITY GRANT
Oregon’s only state-funded, need-sensitive grant program that helps low- income Oregonians achieve their academic goals.
Goal: To help Oregon students who have demonstrated
financial need pay for college.
OREGON OPPORTUNITY GRANT: IMPACT
Graduation Rates at Oregon Public Universities
OOG recipients 64.1%
No OOG 59.6%S o u r c e : O r e g o n U n i v e r s i t y S y s t e m , G r a d u a t i o n R a t e b y F i r s t T i m e F r e s h m a n
C o h o r t 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 , f a l l t e r m , i n c l u d e s i n t e r - O U S t r a n s f e r s .
+4.5% DIFFERENCE
OOG recipients demonstrate higher university
graduation rates than those who did not
receive the grant.
30
Only students with Expected Family Contributions
at or below $4000 received awards in 2016-2017.
In 2015-2016, grants reached more than 30% of eligible
students, a slight increase over the 27% eligible students served in 2014-2015.
OREGON OPPORTUNITY GRANT: FOCUSED ON LOWEST-INCOME STUDENTS
This is a successful program, however,
it does not meet demand.
31
2014-15
U.S.
average
Oregon
number
Oregon
rank
Need-based grant dollars per
capita population$32 $14 33
Need-based grant dollars per
18-24 year old in state$333 $159 33
Percent of dollars awarded to
public colleges and universities 72.2% 91.9% 9
OREGON’S NATIONAL POSITION IN FUNDING STUDENT AID: ROOM TO GROW
32Source: National Association of State Student Aid and Grant Programs. 2016. 46th Annual Survey Report on State-Sponsored Student Financial Aid: 2014-15 Academic Year. http://www.nassgap.org/survey/NASSGAP_Report_14-15_final.pdf
OOG reinforces state
investments in public
colleges and universities
Oregon in
bottom
third
Senate Bill 81 (2015) established a program to “provide a waiver of tuition for community college courses.”
Covers most tuition costs for up to 90 credits attempted (approximately two years at full-time enrollment).
Minimum grant of $1,000 for a student enrolled full time, full year
Maximum grant at $3,398 for 2016-17, based on average CC tuition costs
GOAL: To increase college enrollment, completion, and affordability for recent
high school graduates and GED recipients.
LOW-COST COMMUNITY COLLEGE: THE OREGON PROMISE
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THE OREGON PROMISE: IMPACT
Fall, 2014 Fall, 2016
Number of recent high school
graduates who enrolled at a
community college, 6+ credits
5,709 6,553
1The actual increase from 2014 to 2016 was likely much greater. Due to data resolution
issues, the 2014 figure includes all same-year high school graduates, including those who had a high school GPA lower than 2.5. The 2016 figure includes Oregon Promise recipients only. It does not include community college students who were recent high school graduates but ineligible for the Promise due to a GPA lower than 2.5 or other reasons.
+844
students1
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OTHER EFFORTS UNDERWAY
• Minimize the need for tuition increases
• Increase grant aid for the lowest-income students
• Create low-cost pathways to lower division and CTE courses
• Smooth transfer pathways to four-year institutions
• Improve graduation rates
• Maximize opportunities in high-return fields
• Support innovations that lower student costs (e.g. Open Educational Resources)