Salva tabataZesamoqalaqo integraciisa da

erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centris Tavmjdomare

erTiani erovnul gamocdebze saSeRavaTo sistema, SesaZlo

problemebi da gadaWris gzebi

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom araerTi iniciativa wamoayena

2009 wlis bolodan da gamosca 2010–2011 wlebis ganaTlebis da mecnierebis

saministros gamowvevebisa da iniciativebis dokumenti. aRniSnuli iniciativebi

Semdegi mimarTulebebiT ganxorcieldeba: (a) erTian erovnul gamocdebze

eTnikuri umciresobebisTvis 12 % kvotirebis SemoReba; (b) saskolo atestatis

mniSvnelobis gazrda da skolis gamosaSvebi saatestato gamocdebis

SemoReba 2011 wlidan; (g) moswavleTa maRali daswrebis uzrunvelyofa; (d)

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis daxvewa da ganviTareba; (e) saxelmZRvaneloebis

xarisxis gaumjobeseba; (v) usafrTxo skolis koncefciis ganviTareba da

danergva; (z) maswavlebelTa profesiuli donis amaRleba da sertificireba; (T)

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis aqtiuri CarTva ganaTlebis procesSi; (i)

infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba; (k) saministros, resurs-centrebsa da skolebs

Soris koordinaciis gaumjobeseba; (l) araqarTulenovani mosaxleobisTvis

qarTuli enis Seswavlis gaZliereba; (m) specialuri saganmanaTleblo

saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebisTvis ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobebis

gazrda

saSeRavaTo politikis aRwera

umciresobebisTvis umaRles saswavlebelSi Caricxvis SeRavaTiani

sistema araerT saxelmwifoSi moqmedebs. aRniSnuli sistema farTod aris

gavrcelebuli amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi e. w. `Affirmative Action~-is

saxelwodebiT. saqarTvelos konteqstSi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT termini

`saSeRavaTo politika~, rac gulisxmobs eTnikuri umciresobebis

warmomadgenlebisaTvis SeRavaTiani reJimis Seqmnas umaRles

saswavleblebSi misaRebi erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Catarebisas. lehmiuleri

da gregori (2003) gvTavazoben golmanis mier Camoyalibebul `Affirmative

Action~-is oTx tips: warsulze orientirebuli, momavalze orientirebuli, Zlieri

ukudiskriminacia da susti ukudiskriminacia. (a) warsulze orientirebuli

qmedeba aRiarebs umciresobaTa mimarT warsulSi arsebul diskriminacias da

sTavazobs SeRavaTian pirobebs misaRebi gamocdebisas, raTa nawilobriv

mainc aRmoifxvras warsuli diskriminacia. (b) momavalze orientirebuli

qmedeba ki, erTi mxriv, aRiarebs warsul diskriminacias, Tumca, meore

mxriv, ambobs, rom mravalferovneba mniSvnelovania rogorc

umciresobebisTvis, aseve umravlesobisTvis da swored mravalferovnebis

Sesaqmnelad, umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebSi xels uwyobs

umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis SeRavaTian pirobebSi Caricxvas. (g) susti

ukudiskriminacia privilegias aniWebs im umciresobis warmomadgenel

kandidatebs, romlebsac iseTi kvalifikacia gaaCniaT, rogoric umravlesobis

kandidatebs. (d) Zlieri ukudiskriminaciis pirobebSi, umciresobis abiturients

eniWeba upiratesoba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu misi kvalifikacia naklebia

umravlesobis jgufis abiturientis kvalifikaciaze1.

saqarTvelom erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis pirvelive wlidan daiwyo

“saSeRavaTo politikis” ganxorcieleba eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientTa

mimarTebiT, Tumca 2005-2010 wlebSi am saSeRavaTo politikis formebi,

meTodebi da midgomebi mudmivad icvleboda. umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

kanonis 43.1-e muxli iTvaliswinebs studentebisaTvis saxelmwifo stipendiebis

gacemas, universitetidan an sxva wyaroebidan, iseve rogorc finansur da

materialur daxmarebebs. xelisufleba finansurad gaWirvebuli

studentebisaTvis socialur programebs axorcielebs gansakuTrebul

SemTxvevebSi (muxli 6.1.g da 52.8). socialuri programebis farglebSi

gaTvaliswinebuli iyo 2005-2009 wlebSi araqarTulenovani skolis moswavleTa

dafinansebac. saxelmwifo 15 students afinansebda qvemo qarTlidan, 15-

javaxeTidan da 10 Tbilisadan socialuri programis farglebSi2.

2005 wlis reformamde misaRebi gamocdebis administrirebas mTlianad

umaRlesi saswavleblebi axorcielebdnen; 2005 wlidan SemuSavda axali

standartuli da unar-Cvevebis testirebaze dafuZnebuli erTiani erovnuli

gamocdebis sistema. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier 2004

wels warmodgenili saganmanaTleblo reforma miznad isaxavda yvela

abiturientisaTvis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmnas saqarTvelos umaRles

saswavleblebSi Cabarebisas. swored am reformis farglebSi SemuSavda da

1 Lehmuller, P. & Gregory, E. D. (2003). Affirmative action: From before Bakke to after Grutter. NASPA journal, 42 (4), pp. 430-459

2 saqarTvelos pirveli angariSi erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli CarCokonvenciis 25-e muxlis pirveli paragrafis Sesabamisad, 2007 wlis 01 aprili.

dainerga erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi saqarTveloSi, romlis mixedviTac, yoveli

abiturienti, valdebulia, Caabaros sami aucilebeli testi: qarTul enaSi, zogad

unar-CvevebSi (qarTul an rusul enaze) da ucxo ena3. reformis pirveli weli

sakmaod negatiuri aRmoCnda eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientebisTvis.

magaliTad, 2005 wels axalqalaqidan mxolod 2 eTnikuri umciresobebis

abiturientio, ninowmindidan 1 da marneulidan 17 abiturienti gaxda studenti.

Ees maCvenebeli mkveTrad dabali iyo erTian erovnul gamocdebamde

eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientebis Caricxvis maCvenebelze4. 2005 wlis

erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis negatiuri efeqtebis Sesamcireblad ganaTlebis

da mecnierebis saministrom garkveulwilad Secvala “saSeRavaTo politikis”

formebi da cvlilebebi Seitana erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis debulebSi da

abiturientebs eZleodaT ufleba zogadi unarebis testi, ucxo enebisa da

arCeviTi sagnebis testireba rusul enaze gaevloT5. amasTanave

mosamzadebeli kursebi Catarda ninowmindisa da axalqalaqis enis saxlebSi

euTos erovnul umciresobaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisis finansuri

mxardaWeriT . aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Sedegad qarTul umaRles

saswavleblebSi 2006 wels eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientTa raodenoba

mkveTrad gaizarda, qvemo qarTlidan 25 abiturienti gaxda studenti, xolo

javaxeTidan Caricxul studentTa raodenoba 31 gaizarda6. 2007 wels Caricxul

studentTa raodenobam kvlav iklo, rac ganpirobebuli iyo ZiriTadad

axalqalaqSi Tbilisi ivane javaxiSvilis universitetis javaxeTis filialisTvis

akreditaciis gauqmebiT 7.

2008 wlidan ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministro ufro mkveTr

nabijebze wavida, raTa eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientTa xelSewyoba

momxdariyo. kerZod, cvlilebebi Sevida erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis

debulebaSi da eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs miecaT ufleba

zogadi unarebis gamocda CaebarebinaT somxur da azerbaijanul enebzec.

amasTanave eTnikuri umciresobebis abiturientebisTvis aqtiurad gagrZelda

3 ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro (2007) ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti “ilia WavWavaZis- Sefaseba4 jonaTan uitli, ECMI samuSao dokumenti No 26, 2006, joana popianevski, umciresobebi da

saxelmwifo samxreT kavkasiaSi: erovnuli umciresobebis kvleva saqarTveloSi daazerbaijanSi, seqtemberi 2006 w.5 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris „erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Catarebis debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“ №127 brZanebis (2005 wlis 28 marti 6 muxuzla,s. da roSe, e. ECMI-is samuSao moxseneba #46 “ganaTlebis reforma da erovnuli umciresobebis saqarTveloSi”, 20097 S. tabataZe- mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri intitutis politikis dokumenti “ganaTlebis reforma da araqarTulenovani skolebi, 2008

umciresobaTa abiturientebis erTiani erovnuli gamocdebisaTvis

mosamzadebel programis ganxorcieleba. mniSvnelovani iyo ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis javaxeTis filialis bazaze sajaro samarTlis

iuridiuli piris umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba javaxeTis kolejis

dafuZneba da akreditacia. 2008 wels zogadi ganaTlebis reformidan

gamomdinare qarTulenovan skolebs ar hyavdaT kusrdamTavrebulebi, ramac

kidev ufro gazarda eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa umaRles

saswavleblebSi Caricxvis Sansebi. zemoTmiTiTebulma kompleqsuri

RonisZiebebis erTobliobam gazarda erTian erovnul gamocdebze 2008 wels

daregistrirebul da Caricxul abiturientTa raodenoba. magaliTad somxur enaze

unarebis testireba Caabara 113 abiturientma da aqidan 46 abiturienti gaxda

studenti (40,7%), xolo azerbaijanulenovani testi Caabara 250 abiturientma,

Tumca maTgan mxolod 29 gaxda studenti (11,6%)8. statistikuri

monacemebiTac TvalnaTelia, rom unarebis testebis mSobliur enaze

Cabarebis politikam gazarda qarTul umaRles saswavlebelSi CambarebelTa

raodenobac da CaricxulTa raodenobac (gansakuTrebiT somxurenovani

abiturientebi). 2009 wels araqarTulenovan skolebs kursdamTavrebulebi ar

hyoliaT, Sesabamisad abiturientebs saSualeba hqondaT ori wlis

ganmavlobaSi ufro ukeTesad momzadebuliyvnen erTiani erovnuli

gamocdebisTvis.

2005-2009 wlis erTiani erovnuli gamocdebze eTnikuri umciresobebis

problematikis gaTvaliswinebiT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom

gadawyvita “saSeRavaTo politikis” ganxorcieleba eTnikur umciresobebTan

mimarTebaSi. kerZod, umaRlesi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonSi 2009 wlis 19

noembers miRebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, dadginda im studentTa

adgilebis raodenoba, romlebic gaivlian qarTul enaSi momzadebis

saganmanaTleblo programas da ganisazRvreba, rom umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, romelic axorcielebs erTian erovnul

gamocdebze mxolod zogadi unarebis azerbaijanul, somxurenovani,

osurenovan da afxazurenovan testis Sedegebis safuZvelze studentTa

miRebas, ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centris mier umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebisaTvis gansazRvruli studentTa raodenobis

farglebSi, erTian erovnul gamocdebze mxolod zogadi unarebis azerbaijanul

8 gamocdebis erovnuli centris mier mowodebuli statistikuri monacemebi 2010 wlis 15 ivnisi gaeros asociaciisadmi oficialuri weriliT

da somxurenovani testis Sedegebis safuZvelze studentTa CaricxvisaTvis

acxadebs adgilebs erTiani erovnuli gamocdebiT misaReb studentTa saerTo

raodenobis 5-5%-is raodenobiT, xolo osurenovani da afxazurenovani

studentebisTvis 1–1%–is raodenobiT ( muxli 52.51)

. amasTanave, Sesabamis

wels daregistrirebuli erTian erovnul gamocdebis mxolod zogadi unarebis

azerbaijanul,somxurenovani testis Sedegebis safuZvelze Casaricx

abiturientTa raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebis motivirebuli gadawyvetilebisa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros Tanxmobis safuZvelze, SesaZlebelia procentuli

gadanawilebebis Secvla maTi jamis farglebSi.

mxolod afxazurenovani da osurenovani testebis Sedegebis safuZvelze

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi studentebis Caricxvis aRniSnuli

wesi ZalaSi Seva 2012-13 saswavlo wlis dasawyisidan (muxli 90.23

). am

cvlilebebiT dadgenili erovnuli umciresobebis wevri studentebis saxelmwifo

universitetebSi miRebis axali sistema droebiTia da imoqmedebs 2018-19

saswavlo wlis CaTvliT (muxli 90.25

).

amasTan, dadginda, rom erTian erovnul gamocdebze mxolod zogadi

unarebis azerbaijanul, somxurenovani, osurenovan da afxazurenovan testis

Sedegebis safuZvelze Casaricx studentTa adgilebis zemoaRniSnuli procentuli

raodenoba ar Sedis akademiur umaRles da diplomirebuli specialistis

saganmanaTleblo programaze/programebze gansazRvrul studentTa

raodenobaSi.

axali iniciativis mixedviT qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo

programa Semodis (muxli 52.5)) romliTac xdeba erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis

mxolod zogadi unarebis azerbaijanul,somxurenovani, osurenovan da

afxazurenovan testis Sedegebis safuZvelze akreditebul umaRles

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi an axaldafuZnebul licenzirebul umaRles

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi Caricxuli saqarTvelos moqalaqis mier

unar-Cvevebisa da codnis (wera, kiTxva, mosmena, saubari) SeZena qarTul

enaSi im doneze, rac aucilebelia bakalavriatis, diplomirebuli

medikosis/stomatologis/veterinaris an diplomirebuli specialistis

saganmanaTleblo programiT swavlis gasagrZeleblad. Sesabamisad, qarTul

enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programa uzrunvelyofs qarTul enaze

umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad aucilebeli unar-Cvevebisa da codnis

SeZenas. qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis

Semdeg erTian erovnul gamocdebze mxolod zogadi unarebis azerbaijanul,

somxurenovani, osurenovan da afxazurenovan testis Sedegebis safuZvelze

Caricxuli studentebi valdebuli arian bakalavriatis, diplomirebuli

medikosis/stomatologis/veterinaris an diplomirebuli specialistis

saganmanaTleblo programiT swavla gaagrZelon qarTul enaze da daagrovon

Sesabamisi saganmanaTleblo programisaTvis moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT

gansazRvruli kreditebis raodenoba (muxli 2.h35

, programiT (muxli 473

.4)...

saqarTvelos yvela sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri - umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba valdebulia ganaxorcielos erTian erovnul

gamocdebze mxolod zogadi unarebis azerbaijanul, somxurenovani,

osurenovan da afxazurenovan testis Sedegebis safuZvelze im studentTa

miReba, romlebic gadian qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo

programas.

cvlilebebiT ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos mTavrobis uflebamosileba

daadginos saxelmwifo saswavlo grantis dafinansebis moculoba da odenoba

im studentebisTvis, romlebic gadian qarTul enaSi momzadebis

saganmanaTleblo programas (muxli 6.1.g2)..

qarTul enaSi momzadebis erTwliani saganmanaTleblo programis

dasrulebis Semdeg students swavlis gagrZelebis ufleba eqneba bakalavriatis,

diplomirebuli medikosis/stomatologis/veterinaris an diplomirebuli specialistis

saganmanTleblo programaze mxolod qarTul enaze. qarTul enaSi

momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programa aris 60 kreditiani (muxli 473

.2) da

misi swavleba savaldebuloa pirveli saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi. qarTul enaSi

momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programis dasrulebis Semdeg umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis mier gaicema am programis dasrulebis

damadasturebeli sertifikati.

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom 2012–2013

saswavlo wlis dawyebamde unda uzrunvelyos qarTul enaSi momzadebis

saganmanaTleblo programebis akreditacia. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo

dawesebuleba valdebulia 2012–2013 saswavlo wlis dawyebamde gaiaros

qarTul enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programis akreditacia. qarTul

enaSi momzadebis saganmanaTleblo programis pirveli akreditaciis

Catarebamde akreditebuli an axaldafuZnebuli licenzirebuli umaRlesi

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis qarTul enaSi momzadebis

saganmanaTleblo programa iTvleba akreditebulad.

saSeRavaTo politikis gamokveTili da SesaZlo problemebi

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros saSeRavaTo politika

garkveulwilad ukve pozitiurad aisaxa 2010 wlis erTian erovnul gamocdebze

daregistrirebuli abiturientebis raodenobis TvalsazrisiT. 2008 welTan

SedarebiT gamocdebze daregistrirebul azerbaijanulenovani abiturientebis

raodenoba 250-dan 335 mde gaizarda (anu 34%-iT), xolo somxurenovani

abiturientebis raodenoba 113-dan 253-mde gaizarda (anu 123,8%-iT).

mniSvnelovani iyo kaxeTis regionidan azerbaijanulenovani abiturientebis

gaaqtiureba. magaliTad, sagarejos raionidan, Tu 2005-2009 wlebis

ganmavlobaSi arcerTi abiturienti ar daregistrirebula, 2010 wels 12 abiturienti

daregistrirda. miuxedavad aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani efeqtisa da abiturientTa

raodenobis mkveTrad gazrdisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom kidev didi

umciresobaTa inteleqtualuri resursi asaTvisebeli rCeba, radgan

daregistrirebuli abiturientebi Seadgenen mxolod gamoyofili qvotis saerTo

raodenobis 22,5 %-s, (1301 qvotirebuli adgilia somxurenovani

abiturientebisTvis da daregistrirebulia 253 abiturienti, anu 19,44 %, xolo

azerbaijanulenovanTaTvis kvotirebul 1301 adgilze daregistrirebulia 335

abiturienti, anu 25,75%)9.

saintereso monacemebia TviTon Cabarebis TvalsazrisiT. daregistrirebuli

588 abiturientidan mxolod 294 gaxda studenti10, anu daregistrirebul

abiturientTa zustad 50%. gamocdebis Sedegad, eTnikuri umciresobisTvis

kvotirebis Sedegad gamoyofili 2602 adgiulidan Seivso mxolod 294, rac

kvotirebuli adgilebis mxolod 11,3%.

warmodgenili statistikuri monacemebis analiziT, agreTve regionebSi

Catarebuli SexvedrebiT da im abiturientebTan, romlebic gaxdnen studentebi,

9 gamoTvla efuZneba gamocdebi erovnuli centris mier mowodebul statistikur monacemebsa da abiturientTa pirveladi registraciis Sesaxeb informacias.aRnisnuli informacia vrclad ixileT http://naec.ge/more.php?id=358&rig_no=126&lang=geo 10 gamoTvla efuZneba pirvela Caricxvis monacemebs http://www.naec.ge/index.php?id=398&lang=geo

gasaubrebiT konkretuli problemebi gamoikveTa, rac saWiroebs saswrafod

reagirebas:

● saSeRavaTo politikis beneficiar mosaxleobaSi saSeRavaTo politikis

Sesaxeb informacia ar aris srulyofilad gavrcelebuli. mosaxleobis didma

nawilma ar icis saSeRavaTo politikis Sesaxeb11, rac aisaxa kidec

daregistrirebul abiturientTa raodenobaSi. ufro metic, im abiturientebTan

gasaubrebam, vinc daregistrirda gamocdebze da studenti gaxda aCvena,

rom maTac ar aqvT srulyofili informacia. maTi umetesoba Tvlida, rom

Caabares universitetis mosamzadebel programaze da dasWirdebaT

gamocdebis xelaxla Cabareba, rom gaxdnen studentebi12. es faqti TvalnaTels

xdis sazogadoebamde informaciis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT arsebul problems;

● sainteresoa, rom daregistrirebul abiturientTa 50% ver gaxda studenti,

miuxedavad imisa, rom abarebda mxolod erT gamocdas sakuTar mSobliur

enaze. Ees faqti 2 garemoebiT SeiZleba aixsnas: (a) zogadi ganaTlebis done

araqarTulenovan skolebSi aris ukiduresad dabali; (b) ufro maRali akademiuri

moswrebis moswavleebi ar abareben qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi problema TvalsaCinoa da saswrafo Seswavlasa da

reagirebas saWiroebs;

● saintereso suraTi ixateba TviTon kvotebis gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT.

magaliTad axalqalaqis kolejs Casaricx studentTa raodenobis Sesabamisad

gamoeyo 7 somxurenovani da 7 azerbaijanulenovani adgili studentebis

misaRebad13. axalqalaqis raionSi ki, romelic somxurenovani mosaxleobiT aris

dasaxlebuli azerbaijanulenovani kvota auTvisebeli darCa da am kolejma

miiRo mxolod 7 somxurenovani studenti, im dros, rodesac somxurenovan

abiturientebs pirvel arCevnad axalqalaqis koleJi hqondaT miTiTebuli da maTi

pirveladi arCevanis dakmayofileba ver moxerxda. analogiuri viTareba iyo

axalcixis institutTan dakavSirebiTac. Sesabamisad, es sakiTxic calsaxa

daregulirebas saWiroebs;

● aRniSnulma cvlilebam SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios ukuprocesi, qarTulenovani

moswavleebis araqarTulenovan skolebSi gadasvlis tendenciis saxiT. Aam

11 piradi komunikacia axalqalaqis enis saxlSi araqarTulenovani skolis kursdamTavrebulta mSoblebTan 2010 wlis 10 aprili

12 piradi komunikacia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi 2010 wlis 13 seqtembers

13 gamoTvla efuZneba pirvela Caricxvis monacemebs http://www.naec.ge/index.php?id=398&lang=geo

konteqstSi gasaTvaliswinebelia umciresobaSi myofi umravlesobis

problemeatika (magaliTad eTnikurad qarTvelebi javaxeTSi), romlebsac

isedac aReniSnebodaT araqarTulenovan skolebSi ganaTlebis miRebis

tendencia. aRniSnul faqts adasturebs pirveladi monacemebi, 2010 wlis

gamocdebSi kvotirebis Sedegad CaricxulTa Soris eTnikuri qarTvelebic arian

da es tendencia SesaZlebeli kidev gagrZeldes;

● umaRlesi saswavleblebi, romlebic miiReben damatebiT adgilebs

araqarTulenovani skolis kursdamTavrebulTaTvis finansuri interesi eqnebaT

SeinarCunon es studentebi momavalSi. Sesabamisad aris safrTxe, rom erTi

wlis ganmavlobaSi, 60 kreditze gaTvlili qarTuli enis kursic araefeqturi

gamodges da amaze umaRlesma saswavleblebma Tvali daxuWon. Ees

gansakuTrebiT savaraudoa im pirobebSi, roca misaReb gamocdebze qarTuli

enis Cabarebis moTxovna saerTod aRar iqneba da amasTanave kanonproeqti

ar iTvaliswinebs am programebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis aranair meqanizmebs

2012–2013 wlamde.

● axali iniciativis mixedviT, 60 kreditiani programis gavlis Semdeg, umaRlesi

saswavlebeli studentze gascems Sesabamis sertifikats, amis Semdeg

studenti qarTul enaze gaagrZelebs umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlas.

iniciativaSi ar aris warmodgenili Sefasebis ra sistemas daefuZneba

sertifikatis gacema. saqarTveloSi jer ar aris gansazRvruli enis flobis doneebi,

anu ar aris gansazRvruli Tu enis flobis ra donea saWiro umaRles

saswavlebelSi qarTul enaze swavlis gasagrZeleblad. Sesabamisad, umaRlesi

saswavleblebis mier gacemuli sertifikatebi ar iqneba studentTa realuri codnis

Sefasebis adeqvaturi, anu studentebma SeiZleba saTanado doneze ar

icodnen saxelmwifo ena da miiRon sertifikati, rac SemdgomSi maT

swavlasTan dakavSirebiT Seuqmnis mniSvnelovan problemebs, radgan ar

eqnebaT Sesabamisi enobrivi kompetenciebi, rom SeZlon akademiuri

sagnebis aTviseba. aRniSnuli gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,

rom misaReb gamocdebze abiturientebs qarTul enaSi ar moeTxovebaT

qarTulSi minimaluri enobrivi kompetenciac ki. aseT pirobebSi ki Teoriulad

dasaSvebia, rom abiturienti, romelic absoluturad ver flobs saxelmwifo enas

gaxdeba studenti da man mxolod erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi unda SeiZinos

akademiur sferoSi funqcionrebisaTvis saWiro enobrivi kompetencia. Sefaseba

ki mTlianad umaRles saswavleblebzea mibmuli da ar arsebobs enobrivi

kompetenciis Sefasebis realisturi sistema;

● aRniSnuli cvlilebebi, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia qvemo qarTlisa da javaxeTis

abiturientebis xelSesawyobad, Tumca arsebuli redaqciis Sesabamisad,

SesaZlebelia, rom kvotebis ZiriTadi nawili gadanawildes Tbilisis, rusTavis,

axalcixis moswavleebze (swavlebis da zogadi ganaTlebis ufro maRali donis

gamo) da mxolod mcire nawili javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis kompaqturad

gansaxlebis raionebze. Sesabamisad miRebuli gadawyvetilebam SeiZleba

sasurvel mizans ver miaRwios, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom qvotirebis

procenti sakmaod maRalia da Sesabamisad, SeiZleba es safrTxe arc dadges

am etapze, Tumca am safrTxis uguvebelyofa mainc ar SeiZleba, miTumetes

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT warsulSi arsebul tendeciebs, roca araqarTulenovani

skolebis kusrdamTavrebulTa xvedriTi wilis didi nawili, romelTac ganacxadi

SehqondaT qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi swored arakompaqtur

gansaxlebebze modioda, Tumca maTi umravlesoba unarebis testebs somxur

da azerbaijanul enebze ar abarebda.;

● mniSvnelovania, rom integraciis problema seriozulad dgas javaxeTsa da

qvemo qarTlis regionSi. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom qvotirebis

Sedegad Caricxuli kadrebis damagreba moxdes am regionebSi, radgan am

politikis gareSe SesaZlebelia kvotirebis Sedegad Caricxuli abiturientebis

umravlesoba aRar dabrundes regionSi da am regionebis integraciis da

kadrebis naklebobis problema kvlav aqtualuri iyos miuxedavad saSeRavaTo

sistemis SemoRebisa;

● cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia, miviRoT kvotirebuli studentebis

didi raodenoba prestiJul fakultetebsa da specialobebze, xolo profesiebi,

romlebic kadrebis deficits ganicdian isev am problemis winaSe darCnen

(magaliTad pedagogebi, araqarTulenovani skolebi ukve ganicdian

pedagogebis deficits, rac momaval wlebSi ufro gamZafrTdeba).

Sesabamisad, aRniSnulma iniciativam am mimarTulebiT SeiZleba efeqti ver

gamoiRos damatebiTi meqanizmebis amuSavebis gareSe;

● mniSvnelovania osur da afxazur enebze testirebagavlili abiturientebis

saSeRavaTo politikis sakiTxi. aRniSnuli iniciativa mniSvnelovania, Tumca

warsuli praqtika gviCvenebs, rom samxreT oseTidan da afxazeTidan Caricxuli

studentebi ufro rusulenovnebi iyvnen vidre afxazur an osurenovnebi.

Sesabamisad, am iniciativis Sedegad, samxreT oseTidan da afxazeTidan

wamosuli abiturientebis is mcire raodenobac ki SeiZleba qarTuli umaRlesi

ganaTlebis sistemis miRma darCnen, radgan ver moaxerxon afxazur da osur

enebze zogad unarebSi testirebis gavla.

SesaZlo problemebis gadaWris gzebi

statiis am nawilSi warmovadgen rekomendaciebs, romelic wamoWrili

problemebisa da risk-faqtorebis aRmofxvrisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebis

erTobliobas warmoadgens, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela problemis

gadaWra da risk–faqtoris Tavidan arideba, ra Tqma unda, ver moxerxdeba:

● mniSvnelovania, samcxe–javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis mosaxleobis

informireba aRniSnuli saSeRavaTo politikis Sesaxeb, raTa maqsimalurad

moxdes qarTul umaRles saswavleblebSi gancxadebis Setanis msurvelTa

zrda. am procesSi, SesaZlebelia, arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da adgilobrivi

TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis aqtiurad CarTva;

● aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas regionebis specifika, magaliTad

axalcixisa da axalqalaqis umaRles saswavleblebs kvotebi gamoeyoT mxolod

somxurenovani studentebisTvis azerbaijanulenovnTa xarjze, rom

azerbaijanulenovan kvotebi am umaRles saswavleblebSi auTvisebeli ar

darCes;

● abiturientebis Caricxva umaRles saswavlebelSi unarebis testze dayrdnobiT

aucilebeli iniciativaa, Tumca mniSvnelovania qarTul enaSi Catardes enobriv

kompetenciaze dafuZnebuli sakvalifikacio gamocdebi minimaluri

moTxovnebiT. aRniSnuli gamocda SeiZleba gadavides skolis saatestato

gamocdadac, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi saWiro iqneba gaimijnos skolis

dasamTavrebli minimalur kompetenciis zRvari da umaRles saswavlebelSi

Casabareblad saWiro minimaluri kompetenciis zRvari. am sakvalifikacio

testebis Cabarebis Semdeg SeiZleba mieniWos abiturients mxolod misaReb

gamocdebze gasvlis ufleba. mxolod is abiturientebi, romlebic qarTulisa enis

kompetenciis evrosabWos doneebis mixedviT (araumetes A1 donisa)

damdgen testebs warmatebiT Caabareben, daiSvebian unarebis

Semmowmebel erovnul gamocdebze da Sida konkurenciis pirobebSi

moxdeba abiturientebis umaRles saswavlebelSi Caricxva.

gasaTvaliswinebelia ganaTlebis da mecnierebis saministros kontr-argumenti,

rom Tundac sakvalifikacio gamocdebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia enaSi

gamocda problemad iqces abiturientebisTvis da mTlianad daikargos

cvlilebebis arsi, Tumca SemoTavazebuli skolis damamaTvarebeli gamocdis

pirobebSi qarTul enaSi gamocda gardauvalia. amitom mniSvnelovania

sagamocdo testebi daefuZnos ara arsebul saswavlo gegmas, aramed

evrosabWos enobrivi kompetenciebis doneebs da minimaluri zRvari gavides

pirvel doneze. amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia samecniero kvlevebi, Tu

moswavles ar gaaCnia enobrivi kompetencia, umaRles saswavlebelSi

sagnebis am enaze saswavlad saWiroa enis daufleba 5–8 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

Sesabamisad, umaRles saswavlebelSi erTwliani qarTuli enis programa ar

iqneba sakmarisi am studentebisTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom kursi

intensiuri. intensiuri kursiT enis aTviseba yvela studentisTvis SesaZlebeli ar

aris, xolo sistema ar unda iyos orientirebuli mxolod gamorCeulad niWier

studentebze14;

● arsebiTia, SemuSavdes enis flobis doneebis sistema da Sefaseba moxdes

am doneebis Sesabamisad. anu, ganisazRvros enobrivi kompetenciebis is

done, romelic uzrunvelyofs, studentis mier momdevno wlebSi saxelmwifo

enaze swavlebas da qarTuli enis saganmanaTlebo programis gavlis sertifikati

da momdevno kursebze swavlis ufleba enis flobis doneebis Sesabamisad

Sedgenili standartizebul testirebis sistemas daefuZnos15;

● sasurvelia moxdes qarTuli enis saganamanTleblo programebis akreditacia

am programebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad da mxolod akreditirebul

programebze studentze gaices sertifikati Sesabamisi Sefasebis sistemis

gavlis SemTxvevaSi16;

● umjobesi iqneba, qvotebi gamoiyos specialobebis Sesabamisad,

mniSvnelovania, rom es qvotebi umetesad gavrceldes regulirebad

profesiebze, xolo araregulirebadis xvedriTi wili naklebi iyos, rac sabazro

ekonomikam da Sromis bazarma ufro efeqturad TviTon SeiZleba

daareguliros17;

● mniSvnelovania SemuSavdes sakontraqto sistema qvotirebis Sedegad

Caricxul studentebTan maTi regionSi damagrebisa da dasaqmebis mizniT18.

Ddaskvna

14 მშვიდობის, დემოკრატიისა და განვითარების კავკასიური ინსტიტუტის პოლიტიკის დოკუმენტი შალვა ტაბატაძის ავტორობით(2010), ganaTlebis politikis axali iniciativebi samoqalaqo integraciis konteqstSi

15 saqarTvelos gaeros asociaci (2010); “integraciisa da tolerantobis kvleva saqarTveloSi”

16 მშვიდობის, დემოკრატიისა და განვითარების კავკასიური ინსტიტუტის პოლიტიკის დოკუმენტი შალვა ტაბატაძის ავტორობით(2010), ganaTlebis politikis axali iniciativebi samoqalaqo integraciis konteqstSi

17 iqve

umaRlesi saswavleblebis misaReb gamocdebze umciresobebisTvis

SeRavaTiani sistemis Seqmnis sakiTxis ganxilvisas araerTi

urTierTsawinaaRmdego Tema da paradigma iCens Tavs. Tumca es

winaaRmdegoba paradigmebs Soris erTi SexedviT Cndeba. Tu

CavuRrmavdebiT analizs SesaZlebelia gamoCndes gadakveTis wertilebic am

urTierTsawinaaRmdego paradigmebs Soris. sami mniSvnelovani sakiTxia

gadasawyveti umaRles saswavleblebSi misaReb gamocdebze eTnikuri

umciresobebisTvis SeRavaTiani sistemis Sesaqmnelad saqarTveloSi. pirveli,

mniSvnelovania sakiTxi ganxiluli iqnes “mravalferovnebis” da misi pozitiuri

Sedegebis paradigmidan da ara “umciresobaTa dacvis” paradigmidan

gamomdinare. meore unda SevTanxmdeT, rom umaRlesi ganaTlebis

daniSnuleba ara marto “codnis ganviTarebaa”. umaRles ganaTlebas akisria

mniSvnelovani socialuri pasuxismgeblobebi da am pasuxismgeblobebsac

unda upasuxos umaRlesi ganaTlebis sistemam. mesame, sakiTxi ar unda

daisvas “damsaxureba” an “Tanasworoba” principiT. “damsaxurebac” da

“Tanasworobac” orive mniSvnelovania umaRles ganaTlebaSi da amitom

sakiTxi unda ganvixiloT “Tanasworobisa da damsaxurebis” paradigmis

konteqtSi, radgan kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom “mravalferovneba”

mniSvnelovania “codnis ganviTarebisTvis”, ufro metic erT-erTi aucilebeli

pirobacaa 21-e saukuneSi. aRniSnuli sami faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT

saqarTvelos xelisufleba dgams pozitiur nabijebs umaRles saswavleblebSi

mravalferovani saswavlo garemos Sesaqmnelad, iTvaliswinebs umaRlesi

saswavleblebis socialuri daniSnulebas, ramac grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi

mniSvnelovani efeqti unda gamoiRos, Tumca aRniSnuli efeqtis gazrdisaTvis

mniSvnelovani SesaZlo problemebisa da risk-faqtorebis gaanalizeba da

saSeRavaTo politikis amis Sesabamisad modificireba.

18 მშვიდობის, დემოკრატიისა და განვითარების კავკასიური ინსტიტუტის პოლიტიკის დოკუმენტი შალვა ტაბატაძის ავტორობით(2010), ganaTlebis politikis axali iniciativebi samoqalaqo integraciis konteqstSi