Affirmative action in India
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Affirmative Action in India
Trust Deficit or Opening Balance which is the missing link?
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Raju ArumughamHubert H Humphrey Fellow ( US)
InvesT HOPESouth India
The background & Current Scenario
Issues and expectation
Challenges
Possibilities
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Affirmative Action
Points of view View from the top of the
pyramid
65 years of reservation how long this will continue
50% of jobs reserved for SC/ ST and OBCs
Free education, Relaxation in age, qualification, Fee, Government Scholarship by Government
Freebies by government at the cost of the tax payers
There are several SC/ ST who are better off than many of the people from forward community
View from the base of the pyramid
Centuries of oppression 65 year of independence -
there sharp divides based on caste
No adequate representation in positions with power
Social and Educational backwardness
No land – no jobs – no livelihood Rules are for the sake of rules Government schemes do not
reach the actual needy In 40 Central Universities – Out
of 2512 (SC quota) 1779 are vacant post. Out of 930(ST quota) 753 posts are vacant.
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Why Affirmative ActionProgressive nations follow positive
discrimination
It is a democratic process of development with just and equitable growth
To provide employment opportunities to the marginalized for their economic liberalization
To partner with building an inclusive society
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Why fear implementation
Merit as a manifest reason
Latent reason – Exposure of Corporate pyramid
India’s Skills Landscape
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500 million requirement by 2022 to fuel the LPG
1,36,986 to graduate each day
The Problem is not small and so is the opportunity
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Source : Wikipedia 24% as per 2001 CSI
Myth of Merit – the game called Education
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Government Private
Primary & Secondary
Higher Ed
Free Fee
Education Enrollment ScenarioGeneral Enrolment Ratio of SCs and STs
Category of workers
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32%
18% 17%
0.6% 2.7%
Technical SkillsSubject Knowledge e.g.,
• Electrical • Plumbing• Fitter• Diesel Mechanic• Other trades
Functional Skills
· Computer Skills• Problem solving • Conflict management
· 5 S, TQM· Lean Management
Behavioral Skills· Positive Attitude· Grooming· Team work· Creativity · Communication · Presentation skills· Discipline
Foundational Skills• Logical Thinking• Basic Math• Basic Science• Reasoning ability• Spatial ability• Numerical ability
Opening Balance S
chool E
duca
tion
Tech
nic
al E
du
cati
on
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Education is not the prerogative of the Industries
◦ In Tamilnadu, there are 30 Revenue Districts, 73 Revenue Divisions, 206 Taluks and
◦ 17,371 Revenue Villages. On the development side, there are 6 Municipal Corporations,
◦ 102 Municipalities, 611 Town Panchayats and 64,846 habitations in the State. The entire State has been divided into 39 Parliamentary Constituencies and 234 State Legislative Assembly
Constituencies. ◦ There are 385 CD Blocks,
◦ 64 Educational Districts, 385 Block Resource Centers in CD Blocks,
27 Urban BRCs in Urban areas,
4,088 Cluster Resource Centres,
◦43,113 Village Education Committees,
◦ 17,371 Revenue Villages and
◦ 13,230 Panchayats.
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Nature or Nurture?Backwardness as a psychological
conditionFreebies by Government disenablesTechnicians- Group mentality Tethered to their villagesSecond generation syndrome Politically exploitedLow Self Esteem
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Positive aspects• Base of the pyramid• They are in actual need
of job• Loyal , original and
creative• Hardworking
SC/ STs in cross roads
They are educated so they cant go back to their traditional profession.
They are not employable so they are not taken on jobs by industries.
Government’s give free Rice and provisions, Free TV, NREGA (Rs.100 per day), and grinders.
Government leaves Health care and Education to private . They run the TASMAC effectively for roaring profits. ( Rs 14000 crores in 2010-11 with 20% growth)*
*wikipedia
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Is the current CSR model an answer?
The plight of CSR in India
◦Different companies adapt different models
◦Objective is to propaganda not to change lives
◦Employee participation with self promotional intent
◦CSR - Dumping ground for Old cloths/ Old books (CII CSR Policy Document)
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Corporate Key Develop skills from within the
community neighborhood for own consumption through a Skill Development Center
Action measured by number of people’s lives changed by right intervention methods
Skills, Employment and Entrepreneurial support
Women empowerment ( Conversion Ratio)
Inclusive growth and justice as strategic priority
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Detroit’s pride
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For globally competent technical workforce
Right education, Right Skills, Right Job
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Thanks
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"Dalits are second to none as far as intelligence and entrepreneurship is concerned. We only have to give them an opportunity,"
- J J Irani, Director, Tata Sons.