AFAMS Sensory Organs EO 003.01 Part 29. AFAMS Overview of Lesson (Insert Dari) Opthamologicals -Eye...
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Transcript of AFAMS Sensory Organs EO 003.01 Part 29. AFAMS Overview of Lesson (Insert Dari) Opthamologicals -Eye...
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AFAMS
Sensory Organs
EO 003.01 Part 29
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AFAMS
Overview of Lesson(Insert Dari)
Opthamologicals
- Eye anti-infectives- Eye anti-inflammatories- Anti-glaucoma preparations and
miotics- Mydriatics and cycloplegics- Eye decongestants and anti-allergics
Otologicals
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
What I need to know as a pharmacy technician(Insert Dari)
In this lecture we will cover the drugs listed in the ANA Formulary which are classified according to the ATC system under
(S) Sensory Organs
For each of these medications/classes students must obtain an understanding of:
(1) Mechanism of Action
(2) Indications (Uses)
(3) Efficacy
(4) Side Effects
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Opthalmologicals(Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
Disorders of the Eye (Insert Dari)
• Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) – Infection of the conjunctiva (very outer layer of the eye) caused by bacteria, viruses or in rare cases fungi.
• Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid, can be caused by bacteria.
• Hordeolum (sty) - infection of an eyelash gland.
•)Insert Dari(
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Eye Anti-infectives(Insert Dari)Mechanism of Action
Stops bacterial infections in the same manner as when taken orally.
Fluoroquinolones:Moxifloxacin/Ciprofloxacin Interfere with DNA synthesis
Aminoglycosides: GentamicinInterfere with protein synthesis.
Sulfacetamide – interferes with folic acid synthesis
Polymixin/Bacitracin – damages cell membrane/ inhibits cell wall synthesis
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Povidine and Polyvinyl alcoholPovidone is known to be a powerful germicidal agent effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and spores.
Indications (Use) • Conjunctivitis (infection of the
outer layer of they eye). • Generally less serious infections
(pink eye) are treated with polymixin/gramacidin .
• Depending on the infective agent suspected more serious infections will be treated as appropriate with the other antibiotics.
Eye Anti-infectives(Insert Dari)
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Side Effects• Change in eyesight (blurry
vision for a few moments after instilling the eyedrops).
• Eye pain• Irritation• Burning• Stinging
Eye Anti-infectives(Insert Dari)
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Important Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• If infection doesn’t clear up in 48 to 72 hrs the patient should see a physician as they may require a different antibiotic.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
Eye Anti-infectives(Insert Dari)
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Steroid Eye Drops : Prednisolone (Insert Dari)
Mechanism of action Decreases inflammation and irritation.
Indications (Use)• Conjunctivitis• Corneal injuries• Eye Swelling
Side Effects
• Short-term pain after use.
• Cataracts or glaucoma with long-term use.
• May feel a burning or stinging sensation after instilling the eye drops.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Prednisolone (Eye drops)(Insert Dari)
Important Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
• Patient should start to feel some benefit with a few hours of using the drops.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Combination Eye Drops (Anti-infective and Steroid)(Insert Dari)
Mechanism of ActionKills bacteria that are causing an eye infection the steroid acts as an anti-inflammatory helping to reduce irritation and discomfort.
IndicationTo treat an eye infection.
Side Effects• Short-term pain after use.
• Cataracts or glaucoma with long-term use.
• May feel a burning or stinging sensation after instilling the eye drops
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Combination Eye Drops (Anti-infective and Steroid)(Insert Dari)
Important Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• If infection doesn’t clear up in 48 to 72 hrs the patient should see a physician as they may require a different antibiotic.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Disorders of the Eye (Insert Dari)
• Glaucoma – increased intraocular pressure. This can permanently damage vision in the affected eye(s) and lead to blindness if left untreated.
•)Insert Dari(
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AFAMS
Anti-glaucoma Preparations(Insert Dari)
Mechanism of Action • Decreased internal eye
pressure• Contracts eyeball iris
Indication
To treat glaucoma.
Side Effects
Pilocarpine:• Eye irritation• Blurred eyesight• Lowered night vision• May cause eyelashes to
grow.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
Side Effects
Timolol:• Eye irritaiton• Change in vision
Important Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
Insert Dari
Anti-glaucoma Preparations(Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Atropine Eye Drops(Insert Dari)
Insert DariMechanism of Action • Stops contraction of
eyeball iris (dilation)
Indication
To treat swelling of the eye.
To widen the pupil prior to an eye examination.
Side Effects
•Burning.
•Stinging.
•Eye irritation.
•Blurred eyesight.
•Bright lights may be bothersome.
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AFAMS
Atropine Eye Drops(Insert Dari)
Insert DariImportant Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Cromolyn Eye Drops(Insert Dari)
Insert DariMechanism of ActionDecreases inflammation and irritation.
IndicationAllergies causing eye irritation.
Side Effects• Can cause irritation of the eye.• Burning stinging sensation.
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AFAMS
Cromolyn Eye Drops(Insert Dari)
Insert DariImportant Points• How to properly instill eye
drops will be covered in detail during EO 003.03.
• Important for patients to wash hands before and after use.
• Also important to not touch the tip of the eyedropper as you may contaminate the bottle.
• Can be stored at room temperature.
• Should start to see an improvement in symptoms within 48-72 hrs.
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AFAMS
Otologicals(Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
Otitis Externa(Insert Dari)
Otitis Externa - inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal (often occurs in swimmers).
Treatment of inflammation and infection primarily involves use of topical agents.
Otitis Media – inflammation of the middle ear should never be treated with topical agents.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
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AFAMS
Treatments for Otitis Externa(Insert Dari)
Insert DariMechanism of Action
Antibiotics- kill the bacteria/inhibit growth through various mechanisms.
Boric Acid – increases the acidity of the inner ear preventing the bacteria from growing.
Indications
Otitis externa (infection of the outer ear and ear canal).
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AFAMS
Treatments for Otitis Externa(Insert Dari)
Insert DariSide Effects• Can cause irritation of the
ear. • Can cause dizziness
Important Points• Proper instillation of ear
drops will be covered in EO 003.03.
• If symptoms do not improve within 48-72 hrs the patient should see their physician.
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AFAMS
Questions? (Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
In-class Assignment (Insert Dari)
This assignment will consist of 3 questions which are to be completed individually. Once complete the instructor will review the answers with the class.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
1. Match the following ophthalmologic agents with their indication (use).
(Insert Dari)
A) Atropine
B) Timolol
C) Polymixin/bacitracin eye drops
D) Prednisolone
1) Reduce inflammation and irritation
2) Reduce eye pressure and can be used before an eye exam
3) To treat an eye infection
4) Glaucoma
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
1. Match the following ophthalmologic agents with their indication (use).
(Insert Dari)
A) Atropine (2) reduce eye pressure and can be used before an eye exam
B) Timolol (4) glaucoma
C) Polymixin/bacitracin eye drops (3) to treat an eye infection
D) Prednisolone (1) reduce inflammation and irritation
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
2. When speaking to a patient regarding their eye drops all of the following information is important to tell them
EXCEPT for? (Insert Dari)
A) Wash your hands before an after using the eyedrops
B) Do not touch the tip of the eyedropper to avoid contaminating the bottle.
C) Be sure to store the eyedrops in the fridge.
D) For antibacterial eye drops patients should begin to see improvement within 48 – 72 hrs.
Insert Dari
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AFAMS
2. Answer: When speaking to a patient regarding their eye drops all of the following information is important to tell
them EXCEPT for? (Insert Dari)
A) Wash your hands before an after using the eyedrops
B) Do not touch the tip of the eyedropper to avoid contaminating the bottle.
C) Be sure to store the eyedrops in the fridge.
D) For antibacterial eye drops patients should begin to see improvement within 48 – 72 hrs.
Insert DariThe majority of eye drops are NOT stored in the fridge be sure to check manufacture’s information prior to speaking with a patient.
(Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
3. True or False: Topical ear drops are a great option for treating otitis media.
(Insert Dari)
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AFAMS
3. True or False: Topical ear drops are a great option for treating otitis media (inner ear infections).
(Insert Dari)
Answer: False, topical ear drops are primarily used to treat infection of the outer ear and ear canal (otitis
externa). They do not penetrate the inner ear well enough to treat otitis media.