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Factors Affecting Health Promoting Behaviors of Police Working in the Three Southernmost Provinces

Asnee Manor

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction

Prince of Songkla University 2560

3

Factors Affecting Health Promoting Behaviors of Police Working in the Three Southernmost Provinces

Asnee Manor

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in Curriculum and Instruction

Prince of Songkla University 2560

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3 2560

1) 2) 3) 3 338 G* power (Multi-stage Random Sampling) (Correspondence analysis : CA) (Stepwise Multiple regression analysis)

3 ( X = 3.99, S.D. = 0.49) 0.05 (2= 21.793, P-value = 0.005) (2 = 22.838, P-value = 0.004) (2= 19.136, P-value = 0.014) (2 = 18.850, P-value = 0.016) 0.05 (2 = 24.035, P-value = 0.020) (2 = 23.918, P-value = 0.021) ( = 0.601, P-value

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Thesis Title Factors Affecting Health Promoting Behaviors of Police Working in the Three Southernmost Provinces Author Miss Asnee Manor Major Program Curriculum and Instruction Academic Year 2017

ABSTRACT

The cross-sectional analytical study aimed to 1) explore health promoting behaviors of police 2) analyze correspondence between sex, age, religion, place of birth, body mass index, educational level, marital status, working lines, years of working and health promoting behaviors of police, and 3) investigate factors affecting health promoting behaviors of police working in the three southernmost provinces. The sample sizes were consisted of 338 police calculated by using program G * power and using multistage random sampling in recruitment of the subjects. The questionnaire about health promoting behaviors was developed and used as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: percentages, means and standard deviations and inferential statistics: correspondence analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that health promoting behavior of the police working in the study areas was at a high level (x = 3.99, S.D. = 0.49). Educational level was statistically significant association with health promoting behavior regarding exercises (2 = 21.793, P-value = 0.005), nutrition (2 = 22.838, P-value = 0.004), interpersonal relationship (2 = 19.136, P-value = 0.014), and spiritual development (2= 18.850, P-value = 0.016). In addition, marital status was statistically significant association with health promoting behaviors concerning health responsibilities (2= 24.035, P-value = 0.020) and exercises (2= 23.918, P-value = 0.021). For factors affecting health promoting behaviors, perceived self-efficacy ( = 0.601, P-value

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The results can be useful as basic information for the polices commanders in planning and implementing health promotion programs as fitting to educational level and marital status. Moreover, it can be used for planning in setting up a program for developing competence of the police working in the three southernmost provinces regarding perceived self-efficacy.

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............................................................................................ ................................ (5) .................................................................................................... .......... (9) ................................................................................. .............................................. (10) .............................................................................................................. ....... (12) ..................................................... .................................................... (16) ..................................................................................... ............. (17) 1 .......................................................... .......................................................... 1

............................................................... ......... 1 .................................................................................................... 4 ..................................................................................................... .... 4 ................................................................................................ 4 ............................................................. .... 5 .......................................................................................... ... 5 ................................................................................... .... 7 .............................................................................................. .... 7

2 .......................................................................... 12 .............................................................. 12 .............................................. 17 ........................................... 21 ........................ 26 3 ........................................ 27

3 .................................................................................. ............... 53 ...................................................... 53 ............................................................................ ........... 57 ................................................................... ................ 61 .......................................................................................... 61 ........................................................................... 62 .............................................................................. 62

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()

4 ........................................................................................................... 63

.......................................................................................... 64 .......................................................................................... 86

5 ................................................. 105 .............................................................. ...................................... 105 .................................................................... ......................... 106 .................................................................... 113 .............................................................. .................. 113 ........................................................................................................ 114

........................................................................................................... ............... 120 .............................................. 122 .................... 124 ............................................... 125 ....................................................................................... 150 ................................................ 166 ..................................... 177

............................................................................................... ..................... 190

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1 2557 ....................................................................... 31 2 2557 ..................................... 33 3 : .................................................................... 33 4 10 2557........................................................... 33 5 : 2557.......................... 34 6 : 2557.............................. 34 7 : 2557.......................... 35 8 : 2557................... 36 9 .............................................................. 49 10 .............................................. 53 11

3 ............................................

54 12

...........

64 13

..................................................................................................... .......

66 14 (Mean) (S.D.)

.....................................................................

67 15 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

69 16 (Mean) (S.D.)

................................................................

70 17 (Mean) (S.D.)

................................................................ ...........................

70

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()

18 (Mean) (S.D.) ...................................................................

71 19 (Mean) (S.D.)

..................................................................

72

20 (Mean) (S.D.) ...........................................................................................

72 21 (Mean) (S.D.)

.........................................................................

73 22 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

74 23 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

75 24 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

75 25 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

76 26 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

77 27 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

78 28 (Mean) (S.D.)

...................................................................

78

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()

29 (Mean) (S.D.) ...

79

30 (Mean) (S.D.) ...........................................................................................

81 31 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

82 32 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

83 33 (Mean) (S.D.)

...................................................................

83 34 (Mean) (S.D.)

...........................................................................................

84 35 (Mean) (S.D.)

...............................................

85 36 (Mean) (S.D.)

.............................................................. ...........

86 37

....................................................

86 38

..............................

89 39 (r) (Correlation)

....................................................................................

99

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(15)

()

40 3 (Multiple Regression Analysis) Stepwise..............................................

101

41

3 ...

102

42 (Regression Coefficient) 3 ...................

102 43

3 ......................................................................................................

103

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1 ................................................. .................................... 7 2 ............................................................ 25 3 2547 - 2557 ........ 32 4 2547 - 2557

...................................................................................................... ......

32 5 ............................................................................. 56

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X (Mean) S.D. (Standard Deviation) r B

(Beta) S.E.b S.E.est

R R2 Adjusted R2 Y

Z

1

1

(Health Promotion) ( , 2540) (Well-Being) ( , 2543) .. 2000 2543 (Pender, Murdaugh, & Persons, 2002) (Healthy Thailand) (I.Q.) (E.Q.) ( , 2548)

2

24 ( , 2544) 3 2547-2558 15,374 6,543 11,919 2558 246 544 (, 2558) 3 ( 65) 2 ( 49) ( 43) ( , 2555) ( , 2535) (Pender, 1996) 6

3

(2557) - (2553) - (2550) (2547) ( , 2556) 3

4

3 3

1. 3 2. 3 3. 3

1. 3

2. 3

3. 3

1. 3

2. 3

5

1. 3 2. 3 3. 3 4. 3

3 3

3 6,600 ( : 24 2559)

(Pender, Murdaugh, & Persons, 2002)

1. - - - - - - -

6

- -

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7

1

1. 3

1.1 3

6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

- - - - - - - - -

8

1.1.1

1.1.2 1.1.3

1.1.4

3 1.1.5 (Body Mass Index, BMI)

() () (Garrow,1988)

= ()2 (,2543) 3 40 2 30.3-39.0 1 25.0-29.9 18.5-24.9 18.5

1.1.6

1.1.7 /

1.1.8

1.1.9

1.2 3

1.3 3

9

1.4 3 6

1.5 3 6

1.6 / 3

2. 3 6

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

10

2.5

2.6

3. 3

4. (Correspondence Analysis : CA) (Norminal Data) (Two-Way Contingency) (Dimension) CA (Correspondence Map) ()

11

2

3

1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 3

2.

1.

1.1

(2551)

(1997)

(2541) (Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion)

12

(2546) - Health Promotion

Green and Kreuter (1991)

(WHO, 1997) .. 1970 .. 2521 (Alma Alta) .. 2529 (Health Promotion) (Ottawa Charter for Health

13

Promotion)

1.

2.

3.

4.

(Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion) 3 (Health Promotion Action) 5 3

1. Advocate

2. Enable

3. Medicate (Health Promotion Action) 5

1. (Healthy Public Policy)

14

2. (Create Supportive Environment) 2

2.1

2.2 (Healthy Society) (Healthy City) (Healthy Workplace) (Healthy School)

3. (Strengthen Community Action)

4. (Develop Personal Skills)

5. (Reorient Health Services)

(Pender, 1996) (Penders Health Promotion Model) (Expectancy-Value Theory) (Social Cognitive Theory)

15

(Pender, 1987) .. 1987 2 (Social Cognitive Theory) (Expectancy-Value Theory) 3 - (Cognitive-Perceptual Factors) (Modifying Factors) (Cues to Action) - 7 -

(Pender, 1996) 3 (Importance of Health) (Perceived Control of Health) (Definition of Health) (Perceived Health Status) (Demographic and Biologic Characteristics) 3 (Activity-Related Effect) (Immediate to a Plan of Action) (Pender, 1996) 1) 2) 3) (Pender, 1996) 6

16

(Pender, 2002) Suwannaroop 39 (Bolio, 1999 cited by Pender, et al., 2002) 20 (Nikulich & Barrett, 1997 cited by Pender, et al., 2002) 22 33 (Warren, 1993 cited by Pender, et al., 2002) 38 (Wu & Pender, 2002)

(Pender, et al., 2002) (2541) (2545) (2542) (2541) 22.35 (2541) 23.46

17

1.2

(2541)

(2542)

(2534; Twaddle, 1981)

(Haris & Gluten, 1979 cited by Pender, 1987)

(2526)

(2532) (Over Behaviors)

(Palank, 1991) (Well Being)

18

(Murray & Zentner, 1993)

(Pender, 1996) (Life Style and Health Habits) (Well-Being) (Self-Actualization) (Pender) 6

1. (Health Responsibility) (Pender, 1996)

2. (Physical Activity) (Pender, 1996) 3 20 (Warm Up) 7-10 20-30 (Cool Down) 5-10

19

(2529) (Physical Activities) 78 150-160

(2525) 3 15-20

3 15-20

3. (Nutrition) 5

(2534)

(2529) 3

4. (Interpersonal Relations)

20

Pender (1996)

Friedman (1986)

(2537)

5. (Spiritual Needs)

6. (Stress Management) -

6.1 (Minimizing the Frequency of Stress-Induction Situation) (Emotional-Focus Strategies)

6.2 (Increasing Resistance to Stress) (Problem-Focus Strategies)

21

6.3 (Counter Conditioning to Avoid Physiology Arousal Resulting from Stress)

6

1.5

2 1) 2)

1. Powell 65 54 22 16 3

1.1

1.2

22

1.3 2539 71.1 66.6 2544 72.20 67.91 ( .. 2540-2544)

2.

3 1. (Individual Characteristics and Experiences)

1.1 (Prior Related Behavior)

1.2 (Personal Factors) 3 1) 2) 3)

23

2. (Behavior Specific Cognitions and Affect)

2.1 (Perceived Benefits of Action)

2.2 (Perceived Barriers to Action)

2.3 (Perceived Self-Efficacy)

2.4 (Activity-Related Affect)

2.5 (Interpersonal Influences)

2.6 (Situation Influences)

24

3. (Behavior Outcome) 3.1 (Commitment to a Plan of

Action)

3.2 (Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences)

3.3 (Health Promotion Behavior) 6

(Pender, 1996) 2

25

ir

6

2 (Pender, 1996, p. 67): Revised Health Promotion Model.

26

1.4

.. 2547 6

1)

2)

3) 4)

5)

6) 7)

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

6 2

(Pender, 2002 )

27

(Pender, 1996)

6

1.5

2491 .. 2547 2328 2544 2547

2548 2549 2551

28

2551 3,000 .. 2553 .. 2554 - (BRN-C) BRN-C

.. 2544 () .. 2545 14 .. 2547 .. 2547 (.. 2544-2548) .. 2547 2548

29

.. 2549 .. 2539 42 83 .. 2540 139 .. 2541 .. 2545 82 84 .. 2546

2526 2546 9,340 57,621 14,987 52,737 10,340 38,553

(Pondok) ( , 2558)

2557

(Deep South Watch)

(2558)

30

4 (.. 4 .) (...)

2557 ( 1 24 ) 11 2547 11

2557 793 66 330 28 663 55 : 128 26 135 : 44 7 16

1 2557

68 0 20 19 39 0 22 23 45 191

74 0 24 24 48 0 39 18 57 227 60 2 16 17 35 0 20 18 38 168 31 0 12 11 23 0 35 30 65 142

128 3 8 15 26 1 76 58 135 315 74 0 15 19 34 0 36 15 51 193 61 0 13 17 30 2 78 34 114 235 66 0 9 9 18 0 29 11 40 142 58 0 10 13 23 0 19 20 39 143 68 1 4 13 18 0 15 12 27 131

61 0 15 14 29 0 27 9 36 155 44 0 2 5 7 0 8 8 16 74

793 6 148 176 330 3 404 256 663 993

31

2547 - 2557 3 2547 - 2557

: (Deep South Watch)

2547 - 2557 6,286 571 1,366 1,033 4 2547 - 2557

: (Deep South Watch)

32

33

2557

2 2557

364 261 232 246 47 417

45 - - 87 - - 51 22 14

793 330 663 :

3 :

()

291 24.25 152 299 272 22.66 87 160

200 16.66 82 166 30 2.5 9 38

10

4 10

1 54 17 30 2 44 18 29 3 44 20 27 4 42 9 50 5 41 15 85 6 40 23 38 7 36 16 17 8 32 12 7 9 30 3 19 10 29 13 54

34

: 2557

5 : 2557 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 22 16 11 14 20 17 6 11 7 17 6 162

/./. 5 4 3 4 1 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 28 10 10 2 1 2 4 3 7 0 1 0 0 40

././. 2 1 1 0 0 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 11 / 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 9

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 5 ./. 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 6

/./.. 3 2 3 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 3 0 20 / 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 10

2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 6 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 / 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

15 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 10 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 10 39 48 35 23 26 34 30 18 23 18 29 7 330

: 2557

6 : 2557 46 66 42 8 162

/./. 5 14 9 0 28 11 14 15 0 40

././. 3 6 2 0 11 / 1 6 1 1 9

1 2 2 0 5 ./. 1 4 1 0 6

/./.. 5 11 4 0 20 / 1 8 1 0 10

35

6 ()

1 5 0 0 6 0 3 0 0 3 / 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1

1 3 2 0 6 1 0 0 0 1

15 5 3 2 0 10 4 5 1 0 10 87 152 82 9 330

: 2557

7 : 2557 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

11 18 20 49 82 16 62 10 21 13 17 7 326 /./. 5 11 7 10 4 3 14 8 4 0 2 2 70

24 19 7 2 25 22 13 19 2 9 7 3 152 ././. 2 2 1 0 9 7 13 0 6 0 4 2 46

/ 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

./. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /./.. 2 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 2 3 16 / 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 9

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4

15 0 3 1 4 11 0 6 1 1 1 2 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 57 38 66 135 51 114 40 39 27 36 17 665

36

: 2557

8 : 2557 55 132 107 32 326

/./. 17 43 5 5 70 61 57 34 0 152

././. 18 21 7 0 46 / 0 2 0 0 2

0 1 0 0 1 ./. 0 0 0 0 0

/./.. 4 8 4 0 16 / 0 9 0 0 9

2 2 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 2 0 3 2 2 0 0 4

15 3 19 7 1 30 0 0 0 0 0 163 298 166 38 665

2.

(2555)

210 ( X = 2.76, S.D.= 0.24) 0.01 (r=0.331, r= 0.495, r=0.473)

37

38.0 0.01 (R2=.380)

(2556) 350 46.9 25-34 90 44.6 10,000 91.8 69.8 67.2 60.9 / 56.0 88.5, 76.4, 62.6 59.2 ( X =4.71, S.D.=0.45) ( X =3.80, S.D.=0.39) 0.05 0.05 0.05

(2556) 6 100 .05 .05 .01 40

(2556) 260

38

.05

(2554) 384 (r= .271, .203, .122, .189, .125 .128 ) 15.2 (R2=.152, p

39

(2553) 420 - - 35.95

(2557) 400 .01 23.3 4

(2553) 82 (r=.695 r=.514, p< .01 ) (r=-.349 p < .01) (p < .01)

40

50.8 (p < .05)

(2553) 152 (p

41

.01

(2552) 377 .05 5 42.00

(2552) 350 46.62 .01 (r = .68, .56, .45, .35, p

42

(2551) 400 64 - (P-value < 0.01) (P-value < 0.01) (P-value < 0.01)

(2552) 389 /

(2550) 652 8 35 (R2=0.35) 26.2

43

(R2=0.262) 14 (R2=0.140) 2 (R2=0.020)

(2550) 360 (Multiple Regression Analysis) . . . . . . 18.1

(2550) 228 39.5

44

(2555) 435 2.96 (SD.=0.57), 2.73 (SD. =0.88) 3.11 (SD. =0.57) 0.17 (SD. =0.46) 63.30

(2548) 375 .05

(2548) 166

(2548) 259 ( X = 3.14, S.D. = .39) .01 (r = .58, .64 .55 ) .01 (r = -.30) 3.

45

47.0 (R2 = .47) .01

(2547) 1,200 79.02 3 8 1 .001 .001 32.90

46

(2547) 250 .001 56

(2547) 377 .01 .05 .001 .001 .001 3 26.90 18.20

(2546) 330

47

45.2

(2543) 155 .05 47.90

(2539) 240 (r=.413, p

48

3 1 2 3 4 0.05 3 Pender (1996) 6 3 3 3

9 /

,

2554

, 2

543

, 2

553

, 2

553

, 2

549

,

2552

,

2552

,255

0

, 25

56

,25

54

,2553

, 2

552

, 2

547

,

2555

,

2557

, 25

57

%

* * * 14 87.5 * * * 15 93.7 * * 4 25 1 6.2 6 25 1 6.2 * 1 6.2 3 18.7 * 3 18.7 * 3 18.7 * 4 25 * * 10 62.5

49

50

9 ()

,

2554

, 2

543

, 2

553

, 2

553

, 2

549

,

2552

,

2552

,255

0

, 25

56

,25

54

,2553

, 2

552

, 2

547

,

2555

,

2557

, 25

57

%

1 6.2 1 6.2 * 1 6.2 * 1 6.2 * * * * 12 75 * * 5 31.2 2 1 6.2 4 25 2 12.5 * 1 6.2 * 1 6.2 1 6.2

50

51

9 ()

,

2554

, 2

543

, 2

553

, 2

553

, 2

549

,

2552

,

2552

,255

0

, 25

56

,25

54

,2553

, 2

552

, 2

547

,

2555

,

2557

, 25

57

%

* 1 6.2 * * * 3 18.7 1 6.2 * * * 5 31.2 1 6.2 1 6.2 * 1 6.2 * 3 18.7 * 1 6.2 / * * 3 18.7 * * * * * * * 7 43.7 * 1 6.2

51

52

9 ()

*

,

2554

, 2

543

, 2

553

, 2

553

, 2

549

,

2552

,

2552

,255

0

, 25

56

,25

54

,2553

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552

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547

,

2555

,

2557

, 25

57

%

* 1 6.2

* * 2 12.5 * 1 6.2 * * * * 5 31.2

* * * * * 5 31.2

* * * 3 18.7 * * * * * 6 37.5 * * * 4 25

52

53

3

(Cross - sectional analytical

study) 3

3 6,600 ( : 24 2559) G* power .05 .05 .95 20 : 1 338

(Multi-stage Random Sampling) 1 3 10

10

1,543 2,839 2,668 6,600

79 122 137 338

54

3 6,600 338

1. = 79600,6

338543,1

x

2. = 122600,6

338389,2

x

3. = 137600,6

338668,2

x

2 (Simple Random Sampling) 60% 5 7 8 20 33 11

11 3

353 26 177 13 143 11 190 14 218 15

79

x

55

11 () 340 25

233 17 250 19

179 13 221 17 238 18 177 13 122

354 27 190 15 222 17 162 12 175 14 173 13 246 19 259 20 137

338

56

3 (Simple Random Sampling)

5

338

3

(Population)

5 7 8

-

57

(Questionnaire)

7

1 (checklist)

2 15

1 0

3 Bloom ( , 2544)

80 (12-15 ) 60-79 (9-11 )

59 (0-8 ) 3

(Pender, et al., 2002) 20 (Rating Scale) 5 Likert 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3

4 5

58

( , 2542) 4.50 5.00 3.50 4.49 2.50 3.49 1.50 2.49 1.00 1.49

4


4 5 ( , 2542) 4.50 5.00 3.50 4.49 2.50 3.49 1.50 2.49 1.00 1.49

5

(Pender, et al., 2002) 20 (Rating Scale) 5 Likert 5 4

59

3 2 1 1 2 3

4 5 ( , 2542) 4.50 5.00 3.50 4.49 2.50 3.49 1.50 2.49 1.00 1.49

6


4 5 ( , 2542) 4.50 5.00 3.50 4.49 2.50 3.49 1.50 2.49

60

1.00 1.49 7

(Pender, et al., 2002) 6 60

1. (Health Responsibility)

2. (Physical Activity)

3. (Nutrition)

4. (Interpersonal Relation)

5. (Spiritual Growth)

6. (Stress Management)

7 (Rating Scale) 5 Likert 5 4

3 / 2 1 1 2

61

3 4 5 ( 2542) 4.50 5.00 3.50 4.49 2.50 3.49 1.50 2.49 1.00 1.49

1. (Content Validity) 3 (Index of Item Objective Congruence : IOC) 0.70 1.00

2. (Reliability) 3 50 (Cronbachs Alpha Coefficient) 0.80

1.

2. 20

3.

62

4. (Coding)

psu.pn.-/

1. 2. (Correspondence Analysis: CA)

(Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) 2.1 3 (H0): (H1): (Degree of Freedom: df) (r-1) (c-1) 0.05 2.2 3 (Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis) 0.05

63

4

(Cross - sectional analytical study) 3 338 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8.1 3

8.2 3

64

1

12

(n = 338)

328 97.00 10 3.00 () 29 200 59.20 30-39 92 27.20 40-49 33 9.80 50 13 3.80 (x = 28.50, S.D.= 8.05) 216 63.90 122 36.10 38 11.20 58 17.20 120 35.50 3 122 36.10 (BMI 18.5) 39 11.50 (BMI 18.5-24.9) 144 42.60 1 (BMI 25.0-29.9) 131 38.80 2 (BMI 30.3-39.0) 24 7.10 138 40.80 188 55.60 12 3.60 201 59.50 115 34.00 12 3.50 / 10 3.00

65

12 ()

(n = 338)

220 65.10 24 7.10 32 9.50 20 5.90 42 12.40 () 1 35 10.40 1-5 190 56.20 6-10 43 12.70 11 70 20.70 (x = 4.72, S.D.= 0.93) 12 328 97.00 29 200 59.20 30 39 92 27.20 216 63.90 122 36.10 3 122 36.10 120 35.50 (BMI 18.5-24.9) 144 42.60 1 (BMI 25.0-29.9) 131 38.80 188 55.60 138 40.80 201 59.50 115 34.00 220 65.10 42 12.40 1 5 190 56.20 11 70 20.70

66

2

13

(n=338) (%)

1

253 74.90

2

314 92.90

3

321 95.00

4

87 25.70

5

228 67.50

6

40 11.80

7

214 63.30

8

288 85.20

9 1

194 57.40

10

330 97.60

11

301 89.10

12

332 98.20

13

330 97.60

14 /

308 91.10

67

13 ()

(n=338) (%)

15 /

310 91.70

75.93

13 3 75.93 332 98.20 , 330 97.60 321 95.00 40 11.80 87 25.70 1 194 57.40 3

14 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

3.45 1.13

2

3.50 1.12

3

3.55 1.22

4

3.60 1.17

68

14 ()

X ( 5)

S.D.

5

2.99 1.13

6

4.27 0.91

7

3.08 1.30

8

4.49 0.72

9

4.46 0.81

10

4.53 0.68

11

4.45 0.66

12

4.42 0.69

13

4.53 0.60

14

4.40 0.72

15

4.30 0.73

4.00 0.48 14

3 ( X = 4.00, S.D. = 0.48) ( X = 4.53, S.D. = 0.68 0.60) ( X =4.49, S.D. = 0.72) ( X = 4.46, S.D. = 0.81)

69

( X = 2.99, S.D. = 1.13) ( X = 3.08, S.D. = 1.30) ( X = 3.45, S.D. = 1.13) 4

4.1

15 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 4.15 0.97 2 4.07 0.69 3

3.85 0.76

4

4.16 0.09

5 6-8

3.79 0.88

4.00 0.53 15

3 ( X = 4.00, S.D. = 0.53) ( X = 4.16, S.D. = 0.09) ( X = 4.15, S.D. = 0.97) ( X = 4.07, S.D. = 0.69) 6-8 ( X = 3.79, S.D. = 0.88)

70

4.2

16 (Mean) (S.D.)

X (

5) S.D.

1 3.64 0.78 2 4.10 0.68 3 / 30 4.04 0.80 4

4.04 0.78

5

4.30 0.59

4.02 1.06 16 3 ( X = 4.02, S.D. = 1.06) ( X = 4.30, S.D. = 0.59) ( X = 4.10, S.D. = 0.68) / 30 ( X = 4.04, S.D. = 0.800.78) ( X = 3.64, S.D. = 0.78)

4.3

17 (Mean) (S.D.)

X (

5) S.D.

1 3.62 0.82 2 3.57 0.77 3 1 3.76 0.79 4 3.90 1.02 5 5 1 3.80 0.83 3.73 0.61

71

17 3 ( X = 3.73, S.D. = 0.61) ( X = 3.90, S.D. = 1.02) 5 1 ( X = 3.80, S.D. = 0.83) 1 ( X = 3.76, S.D. = 0.79) ( X = 3.57, S.D. = 0.77)

4.4

18 (Mean) (S.D.)

X (

5) S.D.

1 4.31 0.65 2 4.36 0.61 3

4.11 0.73

4 4.29 0.63 5

4.39 0.69

4.29 0.51 18 3 ( X = 4.29, S.D. = 0.51) ( X = 4.39, S.D. = 0.69) ( X = 4.36, S.D. = 0.61) ( X = 4.31, S.D. = 0.65) ( X = 4.11, S.D. = 0.73)

72

4.5

19 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5)

S.D.

1 4.15 0.67 2 4.05 0.71 3 4.17 0.75 4 3.98 0.91 5

4.20 0.67

4.11 0.55 19 3 ( X = 4.11, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 4.20, S.D. = 0.67) ( X = 4.17, S.D. = 0.75) ( X = 4.15, S.D. = 0.67) ( X = 3.98 , S.D. = 0.91)

4.6

20 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 4.38 0.78 2 4.15 0.70 3 4.14 0.66 4 4.14 0.70 5

4.16 0.69

4.19 0.55

73

20 3 ( X = 4.19, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 4.38, S.D. = 0.78) ( X = 4.16, S.D. = 0.69) ( X = 4.15, S.D. = 0.70) ( X = 4.14, S.D. = 0.66,0.70)

4.7

21 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1. 4.00 0.53 2. 4.02 1.06 3. 3.73 0.61 4. 4.29 0.51 5. 4.11 0.55 6. 4.19 0.55 4.05 0.42

21 3 ( X = 4.05, S.D. = 0.42) ( X = 4.29, S.D. = 0.51) ( X = 4.19, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 4.11, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 3.73 , S.D. = 1.06)

74

5

5.1

22 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

3.22 1.31

2

3.39 1.22

3

3.22 1.17

4 6-8

2.72 1.12

5

2.69 1.18

3.04 0.94 22 3 ( X = 3.04, S.D. = 0.94) ( X = 3.39, S.D. = 1.22) ( X = 3.22, S.D. = 1.311.17) 6-8 ( X = 2.72, S.D. = 1.12) ( X = 2.69 , S.D. = 1.18)

75

5.2

23 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 3.16 1.24 2

3.54 1.22

3

3.66 1.27

4

3.03 1.33

5

3.50 1.28

3.37 1.06 23 3 ( X = 3.37, S.D. = 1.06) ( X = 3.66, S.D. = 1.27) ( X = 3.54, S.D. = 1.22) ( X = 3.50, S.D. = 1.28) ( X = 3.03 , S.D. = 1.33)

5.3

24 (Mean) (S.D.)

X ( 5)

S.D.

1 3.76 1.18 2

3.47 1.00

3

2.83 1.09

76

24 ()

X ( 5)

S.D.

4

3.48 0.99

5 /

3.66 0.95

3.43 0.47 24 3 ( X = 3.43, S.D. = 0.47) ( X = 3.76, S.D. = 1.18) / ( X = 3.66, S.D. = 0.95) ( X = 3.48, S.D. = 0.99) ( X = 2.83, S.D. = 1.09)

5.4

25 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

2.91 1.13

2

2.95 1.08

3 /

3.30 1.08

4

3.12 1.19

5

3.27 1.15

3.10 0.88

77

25 3 ( X = 3.10, S.D. = 0.88) / ( X = 3.30, S.D. = 1.08) ( X = 3.27, S.D. = 1.15) ( X = 3.12, S.D. = 1.19) ( X = 2.91, S.D. = 1.13)

5.5

26 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

3.77 1.03

2

2.99 1.33

3

3.78 1.03

4

2.98

1.54

5

3.44 1.18


78

5.6

27 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 3.54 1.16 2

3.55 1.14

3

3.42 1.11

4 /

3.64 1.17

5

3.62 1.17

3.51 1.05 27 3 ( X = 3.51, S.D. = 1.05) / ( X = 3.64, S.D. = 1.17) ( X = 3.62, S.D. = 1.17) ( X = 3.55, S.D. = 1.14) ( X = 3.42, S.D. = 1.11)

5.7

28 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1. 3.04 0.94 2. 3.37 1.06 3. 3.43 0.47 4. 3.10 0.88 5. 3.78 0.95 6. 3.51 1.05 3.37 0.72

79

28 3 ( X = 3.37 ,S.D. = 0.72) ( X = 3.78, S.D. = 0.95) ( X = 3.51, S.D. = 1.05) ( X = 4.43, S.D. = 0.47) ( X = 3.04, S.D. = 0.94)

6

29 (Mean) (S.D.)

X ( 5)

S.D.

1

3.94 0.75

2

3.94 0.74

3

3.46 1.32

4 / /

3.54 1.01

5 3-4

3.72 0.90

6

3.17 1.16

7

4.01 0.84

8

4.03 0.94

9

3.24 1.17

10

3.80 0.89

80

29

X ( 5)

S.D.

11 /

3.27 1.17

12 /

3.61 1.05

13

3.84 0.94

14

3.24 1.20

15

3.78 0.88

3.63 0.46 29 3 ( X = 3.63, S.D. = 0.46) ( X = 4.03, S.D. = 0.94) ( X = 4.01, S.D. = 0.84) ( X = 3.94, S.D. = 0.74) ( X = 3.17, S.D. = 1.16) , ( X = 3.24, S.D. = 1.17, 1.20) / ( X = 3.27, S.D. = 1.17)

81

7

7.1

30 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

3.76 0.95

2

4.21 0.80

3 4.19 0.80 4

3.67 1.00

5

4.08 0.78


82

7.2

31 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 3

3.86 1.00

2

3.35 1.05

3

4.17 0.80

4 20

3.88 0.85

5 2-3

3.80 0.90

3.81 0.70 31 3 ( X = 3.81, S.D. = 0.70) ( X = 4.17, S.D. = 0.80) 20 ( X = 3.88 ,S.D. = 0.85) / 3 ( X = 3.86, S.D. = 1.00) ( X = 3.35, S.D. = 1.05)

83

7.3

32 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 4.17 0.75 2

3.66 0.83

3 6-8 4.07 0.80 4 3.40 0.90 5

3.57 0.89

3.77 0.63 32 3 ( X = 3.77 ,S.D. = 0.63) ( X = 4.17, S.D. = 0.75) 6-8 ( X = 4.07, S.D. = 0.80) ( X = 3.66, S.D. = 0.83) ( X = 3.40, S.D. = 0.90)

7.4

33 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

4.43 0.67

2 4.03 0.78

84

33

X ( 5)

S.D.

3

4.11 0.80

4

3.85 0.85

5

4.11 0.86

4.10 0.61 33 3 ( X = 4.10, S.D. = 0.61) ( X = 4.43, S.D. = 0.67) , ( X = 4.11 ,S.D. = 0.86, 0.80) ( X = 4.03, S.D. = 0.78) ( X = 3.85, S.D. = 0.85)

7.5

34 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 4.36 0.68 2

4.43 0.64

3

4.18 0.82

4

3.36 1.12

5

3.97 0.91

4.05 0.55

85

34 3 ( X = 4.05, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 4.43, S.D. = 0.64) ( X = 4.36, S.D. = 0.68) ( X = 4.18, S.D. = 0.82) ( X = 3.36, S.D. = 1.12)

7.6

35 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1

4.10 0.79

2

4.25 0.72

3

4.21 0.75

4

2.33 1.65

5 4.21 0.75 4.25 0.54

35 3 ( X = 4.25, S.D. = 0.54) ( X = 4.25, S.D. = 0.72) , ( X = 4.21, S.D. = 0.75) ( X = 4.10, S.D. = 0.79) ( X = 2.33, S.D. = 1.65)

86

7.7

36 (Mean) (S.D.)

X

( 5) S.D.

1 3.98 0.64 2 3.81 0.70 3 3.77 0.63 4 4.10 0.61 5 4.05 0.55 6 4.25 0.54 3.99 0.49

36 3 ( X = 3.99, S.D. = 0.49) ( X = 4.25, S.D. = 0.54) ( X = 4.10, S.D. = 0.61) ( X = 4.05, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 3.77, S.D. = 0.63)

8

1 3

37

X S.D. 328 97.00 3.99 0.49 10 3.00 3.99 0.48

87

37 ()

X S.D. () 29 200 59.20 4.01 0.48 30-39 92 27.20 3.92 0.50 40-49 33 9.80 4.05 0.50 50 13 3.80 4.04 0.51 216 63.90 3.95 0.51 122 36.10 4.07 0.43 38 11.20 3.94 0.51 58 17.20 4.01 0.45 120 35.50 3.95 0.51 3

122 36.10 4.04 0.48

( BMI 18.5) 39 11.50 3.90 0.51 ( BMI 18.5 24.9) 144 42.60 3.99 0.48 1 ( BMI

25.0 29.9) 131 38.80 4.01 0.50

2 ( BMI 30.3 39.0)

24 7.10 4.07 0.34

138 40.80 3.87 0.41 188 55.60 4.08 0.52 12 3.60 4.06 0.49 201 59.50 4.00 0.47 115 34.00 4.01 0.53 12 3.50 3.94 0.42 / 10 3.00 3.80 3.39

88

37 ()

X S.D. 220 65.10 3.98 0.48 24 7.10 3.89 0.43 32 9.50 4.00 0.45 20 5.90 3.37 0.49 42 12.40 3.93 0.51 ()

1 35 10.40 3.86 0.49 1-5 190 56.20 4.00 0.47 6-10 43 12.70 4.03 0.57 11 70 20.70 4.01 0.47

37 338 ( X = 3.99, S.D = 0.49) ( X = 3.99, S.D = 0.48) 40-49 ( X = 4.05, S.D = 0.50) ( X = 3.95, S.D = 0.51) 3 ( X = 4.04, S.D= 0.48) 3 2 ( BMI 30.3-39.0) ( X = 4.07, S.D = 0.34) ( X = 4.08, S.D = 0.52) ( X = 4.01, S.D = 0.53) ( X = 4.00, S.D = 0.45) 6-10 ( X = 4.03, S.D = 0.57)

89

2

3

38

6 (2) P-value 1.069 0.899 1.181 0.881 1.554 0.817 0.322 0.988 0.459 0.977 1.925 0.750 0.769 0.636 16.942 0.152 3.613 0.989 7.661 0.811 9.827 0.631 9.776 0.636 2.186 0.703 1.256 0.869 0.253 0.993 4.187 0.381 6.197 0.185 11.106 0.520 15.318 0.225 4.506 0.972 5.975 0.917 9.671 0.645 4.482 0.973

90

38 () 6 (2) P-value

15.606 0.210 7.379 0.832 15.589 0.211 7.624 0.814 4.101 0.983 7.725 0.806

12.023 0.150 21.793 0.005 22.838 0.004 19.136 0.014 18.850 0.016 10.552 0.228 24.035 0.020 23.918 0.021 17.825 0.121 9.655 0.646 9.520 0.658 11.024 0.527 17.259 0.369 25.713 0.058 17.886 0.331 14.408 0.568 22.896 0.117 10.293 0.851

91

38 () 6 (2) P-value

12.385 0.415 17.543 0.130 15.423 0.219

7.454 0.826 15.082 0.237 9.828 0.631

38 6 0.05 (2=21.793, P=0.005) (2=22.838, P=0.004) (2=19.136, P=0.014) (2=18.850, P=0.016) 0.05 (2=23.918, P=0.021) (2=24.035, P=0.020) 0.05

1 2

92

2 2

93

53

3

94

53

4

95

53

5

2

96

97

6

/

98

2

3

3 1. (Multivariate

Analysis) 3 1.1 Y 6

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14

53

39 (r) (Correlation)

Y X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10

X11

X12

X13

X14

Y 1.000 .002 -.048 .002 -.069 -.020 -.037 .067 .047 -.093* -.092* .121** .662** .007 .459** X1 1.000 .033 -.001 -.059 -.041 .114** -.021 .252** .059 .043 -.079 -.002 -.095* .065 X2 1.000 -.003 -.119** -.056 -.100* .237** .007 .107* -.060 -.071 -.019 -.027 .036 X3 1.000 .009 -.002 .007 -.001 -.002 .002 -.003 .009 .005 .004 .003 X4 1.000 -.014 .065 -.041 -.115** .033 -.017 -.102* -.112* -.127** -.167** X5 1.000 .013 -.029 -.009 -.092* -.008 .021 .040 .064 -.029 X6 1.000 -.067 .074 .089* .028 -.015 -.028 -.059 -.063 X7 1.000 .028 .042 -.032 -.020 .009 -.025 .007 X8 1.000 .040 .036 -.056 -.011 -.048 .028 X9 1.000 .112* .040 -.068 .078 -.041 X10 1.000 .245** .032 .324** .151** X11 1.000 .347** .468** .305** X12 1.000 .019 .479** X13 1.000 .378** X14 1.000

* 0.05 ** 0.01

99

100

38 (r) (r) 0.002- 0.468 (X) (Y) 0.05 (X9) (r = -0.093), (X10) (r = -0.092), (X11) (r =0.121), (X12) (r = 0.662) (X13) (r = 0.059) r 0.80

1.2 14 (Multiple Regression Analysis) stepwise Dummy

1 =

0 =

1,0,0 = 29 0,1,0 = 30 39 0,0,1 = 40 49 0,0,0 = 50

1 = 0 =

1,0,0 = 0,1,0 = 0,0,1 = 0,0,0 = 3

1,0,0 = 0,1,0 = 0,0,1 = 1 0,0,0 = 2

1 =

0 =

101

1,0,0 = 0,1,0 = 0,0,1 = 0,0,0 = /

1,0,0,0 = 0,1,0,0 = 0,0,1,0 = 0,0,0,1 = 0,0,0,0 =

1,0,0 = 1 0,1,0 = 1 5 0,0,1 = 6-10 0,0,0 = 11

1.3 (Multiple Regression Analysis) Stepwise 3

40 3 (Multiple Regression Analysis) Stepwise

Model R R2 Adjusted R2 S.E. of the Estimate

4 .705d .497 .491 .35073 40 (Multiple Regression Analysis) Stepwise (Coefficient of Determinant R2) 0.497 (Coefficient of Determinant Adjusted R2) 0.491 4 1) 2) 3) 4) 3 4 49.1

102

41 3

Model Sum of Squares

df Mean

Square F P-value

4 Regression 40.478 4 10.119 82.264

103

1.194 (S.E.bi) .054, .048, .044 .188 () .601, .227, -.129 -.114 (P

104

-.129 3 1 .129 -.114 3 1 .114 3 ( = .601) ( = .227) ( =-.114) ( =-.129)

105

5

3 3 338 3

1. 97.00 29 59.20 63.90 3 36.10 (BMI 18.5-24.9) 42.60 55.60 59.50 65.10 1 5 56.20 2. 3 ( X = 3.99, S.D. = 0.49) ( X = 4.25, S.D. = 0.54) ( X = 4.10, S.D. = 0.61) ( X = 4.05, S.D. = 0.55) ( X = 3.77, S.D. = 0.63)

3. 6 0.05 0.05 4. 3 ( = .601)

106

( = .227) ( = -.129) ( = -.114) 3 .05 Adjusted R2 0.491 4 3 49.1 3 1. 3 6 (2550) 3.34 (2555) (2554) 80.49

2. 3 6

107

0.05

2.1 6 (97%) (2557) (2550) (2551)

2.2 (2557) (2547) .01 (2554) (2551) 2.3 (63%) (2554) (2553)

108

3

2.4 (Thorpe, 1995) (2543) .05

2.5 24 (Pender, 1996) (2551) (2557) (2541)

2.6 (2554) (2552)

109

(2555) 3 3

2.7 3 (2554) .05

2.8 / (2547) 0.01 (2550) .05 (2554) (2554)

2.9

110

(2549) (2554) (2549) 3. 3 3 3.1 3 (Pender, 1996) (2543) (2551) (2552) 0.01 (2547)

111

.001 56 Pender (2006 Kanyapat Chaeye, 2012) 3.2 3 (Demand Characteristic) (Aesthetic Features) (Pender, 1996) (2552) 0.05 (2546) (2546) 45.2 3.3 3

112

1 1 (2553) (2546) 3

3.4 3 ( , 2545) (Positive Attitude) (Negative Attitude) ( , 2540) 3 (2556) (2545)

113

(2546)

1.

2. 3

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3.

4. 3

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() . (2551). . 2552-2554. []. http://www.thaihealth.0r.th/node/6347 . (2535).

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. , 17( 1), 109-122.

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119

() , . (2557). . () 35 : 223-234. . (2556).

. . , . (2550). . , 26 (6), 527-538. . (2540). 6 . , . . (2546). : . : . Friedman,M. M. (1986). Family Nursing: Theory & Assessment. New York: Appleton- Century - Croft. Green, L. W. & Kreuter, M.W. (1991). Health Promotion Planning An Educational and

Environment Approach. California: Mayfield Publishing. Haris. D. M. amd Gluten, (1979). S. Health Protective Behavior: An Exploratory studyJournal of Health Social Behavior, 17 (4): 17-29. Murray, R.B. amd Zentner, J.P. (1993). Nursing assessment and health promotion strategies through the life span 4th ed. U.S.A.: Appleton & Lange, 1993. Palank, C.L. 1991. Determinants of Health-Promitive Behavior. Nursing Clinics of North America. 26 (4): 815-832. Pender, N.J. (1987). Health promotion in nursing practice Norwalk Appleton and Lange . Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L. & Parsons, M.A. (2002). Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. 4th (ed). New Jersey : Pearson Education, Inc. Pender. N. J. (1996). Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. Connection: Appleton & Lange.

120

() World Health Organization. 1997. WHOQOL: Measuring Quality of Life. Available November, 26, 2011, from http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf Wu, T. and Pender, N.L. (2002). Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolesescents : An application of the Health Promotion Model. Research in Nursing and Health.
http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf

123

.

151

3

() 3 3 7

1 10 2 15 3 15 4 30 5 30 6 15 7 30

3 /

152

1

1. 1) 2) sex { } 2. .............. age { } { } 3. 1) 2) 3)

4) (.................................) reli { }

4. 1) 2) 3) 4) 3 (................................)

dom { }

5. .............. wei { } { } hei { } { } bmi { } { }

6. ..............

7. 1) 2) 3)

edu { }

8. 1) 2) 3) 4) /

sta { }

9. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

wor { }

10. .............. .............. yea { } { } mon { } { }

153

2

1

khp1 { }

2

khp2 { }

3

khp3 { }

4

khp4 { }

5 khp5 { } 6 khp6 { } 7

khp7 { }

8

khp8 { }

9 1

khp9 { }

10 khp10 { } 11

khp11 { }

12

khp12 { }

13

khp13 { }

14 /

khp14 { }

15 /

khp15 { }

154

3

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

155

5

4

3

2

1 13

14

15

4

5

4

3

2

1 3.1 1

2

3

4

5 6-8

156

5

4

3

2

1 3.2 1

2

3 / 30

4

5

3.3 1

2

3 1

4

5 5 1

3.4 1

2

3

157

5

4

3

2

1 4

5

3.5 1

2

3

4

5

3.6 1

2

3

4

5

158

5

5

4

3

2

1 3.1 1

2

3

4 6-8

5

3.2 1

2

3

4

5

3.3

159

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

3

4

5 /

3.4 1

2

3 /

4

5

3.5 1

2

160

5

4

3

2

1 3

4

5

3.6 1

2

3

4 /

5

6

5

4

3

2

1 1

2

161

5

4

3

2

1 3

4 / /

5 3-4

6

7

8

9

10

11 /

12 /

13

14

162

5

4

3

2

1

15

7 3 3 3 3 3 / 3

3

5

4

3

2

1

1. 1

2

3

4

5

163

3

5

4

3

2

1

2. 1 /

3

2

3

4 20

5 2-3

3. 1

2

3 6-8

164

3

5

4

3

2

1

4

5

1

4. 2

3

4

5

5. 1

2

3

165

3

5

4

3

2

1

4

5

6. 1

2

3

4

5

167

(Index of Item Objective Congruence : IOC)

1

2

3 2

1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 0 2

0.67

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

6

+1 -1 +1 2

0.70

7

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

8

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

9 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

10

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

11

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

12

+1 0 +1 2

0.70

168

1

2

3 13

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

14 /

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

15 /

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3 1

+1 0 +1 2

0.70

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

6

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

7

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

8

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

9

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

10

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

11

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

12 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

169

1

2

3

13

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

14

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

15

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4 3.1

1 +1 +1 0 2

0.70

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5 6-8

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.2 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3 / 30

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.3

170

1

2

3 1 +1 +1 +1 3 1.00 2 +1 +1 +1 3 1.00

3

1 +1 +1 0 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5 5 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.4 1 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

3.5 1 +1 +1 0 2

0.70

2 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.6 1 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

171

1

2

3 3 +1 +1 0 2 0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

5 3.1

1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

0 +1 +1 2

0.70

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4 6-8

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

3.2 1 +1 +1 -1 2

0.70

2

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

3

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.3

172

1

2

3 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5 /

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.4 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3 /

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3.5 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

173

1

2

3 5

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

3.6 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

3

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

4 /

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

6 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4 / /

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

5 3-4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

6

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

7

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

174

1

2

3 8

+1 +1 0 2 0.70

9

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

10

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

11 /

+1 -1 +1 2

0.70

12 /

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

13

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

14

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

15

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

7 6 1.

1

+1 +1 -1 2

0.70

2

+1 +1 0 0

0.70

3 0 +1 +1 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2. 1 /

3 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

175

1

2

3 2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4 20

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5 2-3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3. 1 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3 6-8 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4. 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

-1 +1 +1 2

0.70

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

176

1

2

3 5

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5. 1 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5

0 +1 +1 2

0.70

6. 1

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

2

+1 +1 0 2

0.70

3

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

4

+1 +1 +1 3

1.00

5 +1 +1 +1 3

1.00

178

Regression stepwise Variables Entered/Removeda

Model Variables Entered Variables Removed

Method

1 . Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-of-F-to-enter = .100).



4

. Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-of-F-to-enter = .100).

a. Dependent Variable: Health Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted

R Square

Std. Error of the

Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square Change

F Change

df1 df2 Sig. F

Change

1 .662a .438 .436 .36912 .438 261.745

1 336 .000

2 .681b .464 .461 .36095 .026 16.368

1 335 .000

3 .696c .485 .480 .35435 .021 13.607

1 334 .000

4 .705d .497 .491 .35073 .012 7.925

1 333 .005

179

Variables Entered/Removeda


Method




4


a. Predictors: (Constant), b. Predictors: (Constant), , c. Predictors: (Constant), , , d. Predictors: (Constant), , , ,

180



Method




4


ANOVAe

181

Model Sum of Squares

df Mean Square

F Sig.

1 Regression 35.662 1 35.662 261.745 .000a Residual 45.779 336 .136 Total 81.441 337

2 Regression 37.795 2 18.897 145.042 .000b Residual 43.646 335 .130 Total 81.441 337

3 Regression 39.503 3 13.168 104.869 .000c Residual 41.938 334 .126 Total 81.441 337

4 Regression 40.478 4 10.119 82.264 .000d Residual 40.963 333 .123 Total 81.441 337

182



Method




4


a. Predictors: (Constant), b. Predictors: (Constant), , c. Predictors: (Constant), , , d. Predictors: (Constant), , , , e. Dependent Variable: Health

183



Method




4


184



Method




4


a. Dependent Variable: Health

185



Method




4


186

Model Beta In t Sig. Partial

Correlation

Collinearity Statistics Tolerance

1 .004a .087 .930 .005 1.000 -.036a -.877 .381 -.048 1.000 -.001a -.021 .984 -.001 1.000 .005a .133 .894 .007 .987 -.047a -1.140 .255 -.062 .998 -.019a -.460 .646 -.025 .999 .061a 1.498 .135 .082 1.000 .054a 1.326 .186 .072 1.000

-.048a -1.172 .242 -.064 .995

-.113a -2.795 .005 -.151 .999 -.123a -2.855 .005 -.154 .879 -.006a -.152 .879 -.008 1.000

.184a 4.046 .000 .216 .771

2 -.009b -.213 .831 -.012 .994 -.044b -1.104 .270 -.060 .997 -.001b -.026 .979 -.001 1.000 .027b .666 .506 .036 .971 -.038b -.943 .346 -.052 .995 -.010b -.241 .810 -.013 .996 .061b 1.522 .129 .083 1.000 .048b 1.205 .229 .066 .998

-.046b -1.160 .247 -.063 .995

-.142b -3.555 .000 -.191 .975 -.157b -3.689 .000 -.198 .854 -.090b -2.051 .041 -.112 .824

3 -.023c -.582 .561 -.032 .985 -.056c -1.419 .157 -.078 .991 .000c .002 .998 .000 1.000

187

.020c .505 .614 .028 .969 -.035c -.899 .370 -.049 .995 -.009c -.230 .818 -.013 .996 .057c 1.456 .146 .080 .999 .039c .996 .320 .055 .995

-.036c -.925 .356 -.051 .990

-.114c -2.815 .005 -.152 .924 -.019c -.386 .700 -.021 .641

4 -.017d -.430 .667 -.024 .982 -.062d -1.583 .114 -.087 .988 .000d -.011 .991 -.001 1.000 .022d .561 .575 .031 .968 -.036d -.922 .357 -.051 .995 -.005d -.125 .900 -.007 .995 .054d 1.393 .164 .076 .998 .044d 1.141 .255 .062 .992

-.025d -.643 .521 -.035 .980

.010d .205 .838 .011 .612

188

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), , c. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), , , d. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), , , , e. Dependent Variable: Health

190

5920120602

()

2559

()

2547 () , . (2560).

3 : . 4 Thailand 4.0 26-27 2560 ().

, . (2560). 3 . . . ().

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