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Please wait for AESS Hosted Webinar to BeginUN Sustainable Development Goals Setting

Agenda for SustainabilityDr. Magdalena A. K. Muir

Researcher, Arctic Institute of North AmericaAssociate Professor Aarhus University and

Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University and University of Delaware

onSeptember 8, 2014, 12pm to 2 pm ET

Fulbright Research Jointly Implemented in2013/14 with Columbia Climate Center at Earth Institute, Columbia University ; Center for Carbon-free Power Integration and the Mangone Center for Marine Policy at the College of Earth Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware; Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre and Centre for Energy Technologies; Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC) and United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)

AESS Hosted Webinar Series UN Sustainable Development Goals Setting

Agenda for SustainabilityBy

Dr. Magdalena A K MuirResearcher, Arctic Institute of North America

Associate Professor Aarhus University and Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University and University of Delaware

September 8, 2014, 12 pm to 2 pm ET

Fulbright Research Jointly Implemented in 2013/14 with Columbia Climate Center at Earth Institute, Columbia University ; Center for Carbon-free Power Integration and the Mangone Center for Marine Policy at the College of Earth Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware; Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre and Centre for Energy Technologies; Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC) and United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)

Presentation and Discussion1. Part 1 of Presentation: Introduction to Sustainable

Development Goals and UN Process

2. Brief Break for Questions and Discussion on Part 1

3. Case Study 1: An European Vision of the SDGs

4. Case Study 2: Financial approaches and Public Private Partnerships

5. Case Study 3: Treatment of Climate within the SDG and Goals Impacting Climate

6. Case Study 4: The Vision and Implementation of a Standalone Oceans Goal

7. Case Study 5: Sustainable Tourism, and Roles for Cities, Coasts and Islands, including Small Island Developing States

8. Case Study 6: Integrating SDGs for Water, Agriculture, Energy and Climate for West Asia and North Africa

9. Questions and Discussion on Entire Presentation

Introduction to Sustainable Development

Goals and UN ProcessOne of the main outcomes of the Rio+20 Conference was the agreement by UN Member States to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), building on the Millennium Development Goals and converging with the post 2015 development agenda.

The Open Working Group for Sustainable Development Goals was designed to be an inclusive and transparent intergovernmental process open to all stakeholders, with the purpose of developing global sustainable development goals that would agreed on the General Assembly.

Introduction to the UN Process for the

Sustainable Development Goals

The Open Working Group of the Sustainable Development Goals (or OWG SDGs) was formed of 30 negotiating parties and included most significant countries and UN voting blocs Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European countries, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, United Kingdom, United States.

Civil society was extensively involved in the development of the SDGs.

This resulted in the consensus Outcome Document of the Open Working Group of the Sustainable Development Goals on July 19, 2014, which will be considered by the UN General Assembly in the fall 2014.

The Outcome Document & SDGs

The Outcome Document and SDGs are intended to compliment and not replace existing international agreements and commitments.

Key clauses in Introduction to Outcome Document include:

10. Rio+20 recognized that each country faces specific challenges to achieve sustainable development. It underscored the special challenges facing the most vulnerable countries and, in particular, African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as the specific challenges facing the middle-income countries. Countries in situations of conflict also need special attention.

12. Each country has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development and the role of national policies, domestic resources and development strategies cannot be overemphasized. Developing countries need additional resources for sustainable development. There is a need for significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources and the effective use of financing, in order to promote sustainable development…

18. Sustainable Development Goals are accompanied by targets and will be further elaborated through indicators focused on measurable outcomes. They are action oriented, global in nature and universally applicable.

The Outcome Document & SDGsGoal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all

Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all

Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation


Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

*Acknowledging that the UNFCCC is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change .

Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development


Next Steps and Preliminary Reflections:

Consideration by the General Assembly in fall 2014, but how will that take place.?

This was a consensus document with support of significant UN Member States and UN voting blocks.

Will this consensus hold as goals and targets are presented to the UN General Assembly?

What indicators will accompany these goals and targets and what will the process be for agreeing upon them?

How will the SDGs, targets and indicators be implemented and monitored?

End of First Part of

Presentation

Brief Questions and

Discussion

Case Study 1: An European Vision of the SDGs

Acknowledgements:

This portion of the presentation draws upon European Commission’s Communication: A Decent Life for All: From Vision to Collective Action (June 2, 2014)

The support and engagement of the Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC) in the SDG process is gratefully acknowledged.


On 2 June 2014, the European Commission adopted aCommunication to contribute to the EU position on

international negotiations on the Sustainable Development Goals, which was viewed as the follow-up to the Millennium Development Goals.

Following the UN definition, the SDGs are intended to reinforce the international community’s commitment to eradicating poverty and supporting sustainable development - challenges that affect the lives of current and future generations

The Communication will be discussed by the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament. The outcome will guide the EU’s position in the negotiations at UN level and contribute to the preparation of the UN Secretary General’s report on the post-2015 framework.


From the EC Communication: A Decent Life for All: From Vision to Collective Action

Vision and Principles

1. Universality and differentiation based on national circumstances

2. A transformative agenda that integrates the three dimensions of sustainable development and also addresses new challenges

3. Accountability


From the EC Communication: A Decent Life for All: From Vision to Collective Action

Vision and Principles3. Accountability

“Fundamental requirements of the future framework should be accountability, transparency and effective review of progress. …. A new framework also provides an opportunity to develop a global mechanism endorsed and supported at the highest political level to ensure that national governments and other actors, including the private sector, are held accountable for the implementation of the framework, to review progress rigorously, to accelerate action and to press for additional actions wherever necessary. Civil society, local authorities and the private sector should play a key role in advancing action and accountability. Key to promoting transparency is the collection, publication, assessment and easy accessibility of data and information on the pace of progress made, nationally and internationally. … This implies the need for regular reviews of progress, commitments and implementation through a robust institutional framework, involving all stakeholders.”

Case Study 2: Financial Approaches and Public Private Partnerships to Implement SDGs

Acknowledgements:

This portion of the presentation draws upon joint research with UN DESA, and particularly upon discussions with Wei Lu, Sustainable Development Officer at UN DESA.

The International Chamber of Commerce, Global Business Alliance, United States Council for International Business, and the UN Global Compact have also developed positions on SDGs

Case Study 2:Financial Approaches & Public Private Partnerships

17.1 strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection

17.2 developed countries to implement fully their ODA commitments, including to provide 0.7% of GNI in ODA to developing countries of which 0.15-0.20% to least-developed countries

17.3 mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources

17.4 assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries (HIPC) to reduce debt distress

17.5 adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for LDCs

17.16 enhance the global partnership for sustainable development complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilize and share knowledge, expertise, technologies and financial resources to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in all countries, particularly developing countries

17.17 encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and

civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships

Case Study 2: Financial Approaches & Public Private Partnerships to Implement SDGs – Figure 5, Report of the Intergovernmental Committee of Experts on Sustainable Development Finance, 2014.

.


The following financial approaches are considered:

- Public finance from governments and international organizations;

- Blended public and private finance;

- Private finance for international and national programmes; and

Non-financial contributions can be consider for all categories, such as improvement of regulatory frameworks, in-kind contributions including the provision of expert and technical advice and services, tangible and intangible goods, and data analytics.

The public and private financial approaches can also be pursued on a profit and non-profit basis, broadening the possible range of approaches and instruments


Public private partnerships (PPP) include a broad range of public private engagements, and are important in delivering the SDGs, including developing sectoral capacity to deliver at the regional, national and local scale.

A traditional model of PPP involves a contract between the public sector and a private enterprise where the enterprise provides a public service or project and assumes financial, technical or operational risks. Other models are also possible.

Along with the private sector, the expanding role of civil society can also be considered, including the roles of philanthropic foundations, NGOs, public charities and individual charity initiatives (i.e., donations and crowdsourcing).


Once the post-2015 development agenda and all SDG targets and indicators are agreed, future global sustainable development reports and other reporting and communications mechanisms and tool can include financial inputs.

Ongoing financial input would support efforts to expand global knowledge of the financial challenges, available financing approaches, and public and private financial instruments and options.

This ongoing financial reporting and communications would also assist in scaling up and mainstreaming the financing of the post-2015 sustainable development agenda and the SDGs.

Case Study 3: Treatment of Climate within the SDG and Goals Impacting Climate

“The OWG underscored that the global nature of climate change calls for the widest possible cooperation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, with a view to accelerating the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. It recalled that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provides that parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. It noted with grave concern the significant gap between the aggregate effect of mitigation pledges by parties in terms of global annual emissions of greenhouse gases by 2020 and aggregate emission pathways consistent with having a likely chance of holding the increase in global average temperature below 2° C, or 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and it reaffirmed that the ultimate objective under the UNFCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference

with the climate system (s.8, Introduction). “


Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

13.1 strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

13.2 integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning

13.3 improve education, awareness raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning

13.a implement the commitment undertaken by developed country Parties to the UNFCCC to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible

13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change related planning and management, in LDCs, including focusing on women, youth, local and marginalized communities


14.3 minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels


There were many discussions on climate in the SDGs process and negotiations.

Parties and the Outcome Document emphasise that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is the international intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.

The goals and targets referred to earlier are only the goals and targets that directly mention or refer to climate change, climate adaptation and climate mitigation.

However many other goals such as energy, water, sustainable consumption and production also affect climate mitigation, or will result in adaptation to climate changes.

Case Study 4: The Vision for and Nature of a Standalone Oceans Goal

Acknowledgements:

Thank you to Dr. Biliana Cincin-Sain, University of Delaware, and the Global Oceans Forum for the opportunity to support the Forum and participate on oceans issues at the meetings of the OWG SDGs.

The engagement and support of the Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC) in the OWG SDG process is gratefully acknowledged.

Case Study 4: The Vision and Implementation of a Standalone Oceans GoalGoal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

14.1 by 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, particularly from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

14.2 by 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration, to achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.3 minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

14.4 by 2020, effectively regulate harvesting, and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

14.5 by 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on best available scientific information

Case Study 4: The Vision and Implementation of Standalone Oceans GoalGoal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

14.6 by 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, and eliminate subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing, and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the WTO fisheries subsidies negotiation *

14.7 by 2030 increase the economic benefits to SIDS and LDCs from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.a increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacities and transfer marine technology taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular SIDS and LDCs

14.b provide access of small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

14.c ensure the full implementation of international law, as reflected in UNCLOS for states parties to it, including, where applicable, existing regional and international regimes for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by their parties

http://word2cleanhtml.com/s/editor-content.html?1336662665#_ftn1

Case Study 4: The Vision and Implementation of a Standalone Oceans Goal

Global Oceans Forum among key parties supporting standalone oceans goal.

Initially oceans were going to be merged into terrestrial biodiversity and conservation.

However, oceans are crucial for Small Island Developing States and coastal nations, as well as the health and resilience of all ecosystems

Still gaps in international regime for oceans that being addressed in negotiations for climate regimes and international legal framework for beyond areas of national jurisdiction,

SDGs may assist in implementation of existing international regimes for oceans.

Case Study 5: Sustainable Tourism, and Roles for Cities, Coasts and Islands, including Small Island Developing States

Acknowledgements:

This portion of the presentation draws upon Stakeholder Forum article, Green Destination status and sustainable tourism for Small Island Developing States (or SIDS).

It also draws up the Small Islands: Green Destinations partnership registered at the Third International UN Conference for Small Islands Development States in Apia, Samoa from September 1 to 4, 2014.

The contribution of Dr. Albert Salman, Green Destinations, and the Centre for Energy Technologies at Aarhus University Herning are also gratefully acknowledged.

Research on this topic was also completed for a chapter in the publication, For a Multidisciplinary Approach to Risks Induced by Climate Change in Coastal and Estuarine Environments (2014).



11.b by 2020, increase by x% the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, develop and implement in line with the forthcoming Hyogo Framework holistic disaster risk management at all levels

Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns12.b develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable

development impacts for sustainable tourism which creates jobs, promotes local culture and products

Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacities for effective climate change related planning and management, in LDCs, including focusing on women, youth, local and marginalized communities


14.7 by 2030 increase the economic benefits to SIDS and LDCs from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism


Goals and targetsThe goals and targets discussed the role of cities, coasts and islands

for adapting and mitigating climate, and their role for sustainable development, including sustainable tourism.

The goals and targets describe the role that sustainable tourism can play for the Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries.

Last, the goals and targets stress the role and importance of monitoring to ensure any sustainable tourism is truly sustainable.

Third International Conference for Small Island Developing States The UN SIDS International Conference included a focus on

sustainable development, including tourism, and partnerships.

The Small Islands – Green Destinations was one partnership registered with the SIDS Conference that offered an assessment tool and data base to contribute to sustainable economies of SIDS, and make them more attractive and competitive tourist destinations. By identifying strengths and challenges, SIDS can develop and implement individually suitable sustainable destination strategies, becoming visible in global tourism market.

Case Study 6: Integrating SDGs for Water, Agriculture, Energy and Climate for West Asia and North Africa

Acknowledgements

This portion of the presentation draws upon joint research paper, Using the UN Sustainable Development Goals to Achieve Integrated Approaches to Water Scarcity, Agriculture and Energy for West Asia and North Africa.

This paper was completed by Dr. Muir, Sami Areikat, Sustainable Development Officer, UN DESAAlexander Vandenbroek, Columbia University and Intern,

UN DESA.

The contribution and support of UN DESA for this research is gratefully acknowledged.

Case Study 6: Integrating SDGs for Water, Agriculture,

Energy and Climate for West Asia and North Africa

Sustainable Development Goals and Relevance for Water Scarcity in WANA Region

Relevant SDG Goals:

Introduction of the Outcome DocumentGoal 6 : Water GoalGoal 2 : Food Security and Sustainable AgricultureGoal 7 : Energy

Goal 13: ClimateGoal 17: Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals Through Technology, Capacity Development and Partnerships

Key linkages and implications of SDGs for West Asia and North Africa

Financial Approaches for Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals

Community Based and Owned Approaches to Water Scarcity, Agriculture and Energy for West Asia and North Africa that Support Sustainable Development Goals



Governance Framework and Tools for West Asia and North Africa Slides

- Beyond Silos to Integrated Policymaking Under the Sustainable Development Goal

- Integrated Water Planning to Address Water Scarcity and Drought in West Asia and North Africa

Case Study 6: Integrating SDGs for Water, Agriculture, Energy and Climate for West Asia and North Africa Figure 1: CLEWD model for Mauritius, Global Sustainable Development Report, 2014.

Case Study 6: Considering Jordan and Potential Integration of Water Scarcity, Agriculture and Energy

-Water

-Agriculture

-Energy

-Integrated

Resource

Management

Case Study 6: Considering Jordan and Potential Integration of Water Scarcity, Agriculture and Energy

-Water

-Agriculture

-Energy

-Integrated

Resource

Management

Oil

85.3%

Natural Gas

12.6%

Hydro

0.1%Biofuels & Waste

0.1%

Geothermal / Solar

/ Wind1.9%

PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY BY SOURCE (2011)

Oil

Natural Gas

Hydro

Biofuels & Waste

Geothermal / Solar / Wind

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

197119761981198619911996200120062011

Annual Energy production (kt of oil equivalent)

Energy production (kt of oil equivalent)

90.00%

92.00%

94.00%

96.00%

98.00%

100.00%

Net Annual Energy Imports

Energy imports, net (% of energy use)

Technology Tariff (USD/kWh)

Wind $0.115

Solar PV $0.163

Solar CSP $0.183

Biomass from waste

$0.122

Biogas $0.081

[1] Jordan Energy Regulatory Commission

Case Study 6: Integrating SDGs for Water, Agriculture,

Energy and Climate for West Asia and North Africa

Some Preliminary Thoughts and Recommendations

Addressing water energy and agriculture together and applying an integrated approach to planning based on the SDGs can lead to water, food, and energy security optimization by increasing resource efficiency, ascertaining and reducing tradeoffs, exploiting and building synergies, and improving collaboration and governance across sectors.

An integrated approach aids in identifying and addressing externalities across sectors which may otherwise be overlooked.

Public and private finance, financial approaches, instruments and options and a range of public private partnerships support government, the private sector and civil society in the implementation of the SDGs.

Community based and owned management supports integration between different levels of government within a country, and also represent a grassroots bottom up approach to SDG implementation.

Community based and owned projects assists in the implementation of those SDGs requiring community engagement and involvement.

Modeling and assessment tools such as CLEWD illustrate the

Discussion and Response to Questions

For further information, please see AESS webpage supporting this webinar.Please also contact:Dr. Magdalena A K Muir Email: [email protected] and [email protected], Arctic Institute of North America Associate Professor, Aarhus University and Researcher at Arctic Research Centre and Centre for Energy Technologies

This presentation and research was supported by Fulbright Canada under the Fulbright Canada- RBC Award for 2013/2014; the Columbia Climate Center at the Earth Institute, Columbia University; the Center for Carbon-free Power Integration and the MangoneCenter for Marine Policy in the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware. Support also provided by Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre and Centre for Energy Technologies; Coastal and Marine Union (EUCC) and United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)

mailto:[email protected]

Extra Slide

SDGs in the Outcome DocumentGoal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all

Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all

Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries


Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

*Acknowledging that the UNFCCC is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for negotiating the global response to climate change .


Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

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