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Transcript of AES Report 09
1
Project report on American Embassy School
Presented by:
Civil team: Deependra Vikram Singh
Shubham Asthana
Shivalika Anand
Pratibha Pathak
Services team: Amitesh Gothania
Deepak Mittal
Project Guide:
Mr. K. Stanley Unni
(Project Manager- American Embassy School)
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Words are inadequate to express our heartfelt and sincere thanks to our guide Mr. K. Stanley
Unni for his precious advice, enthusiastic and constant encouragement and valuable suggestions
throughout the project period.
We also take this opportunity to express our indebtedness towards the invaluable guidance
offered by Mr. P.K Rakheja (Vice President Delhi Region) and Mr. M.K Dubey (Project Co-
ordinator American Embassy School) as a co-guide.
We also express our gratitude to the staff of American Embassy School for granting us
permission and helping us to collect the relevant data for our records and reference.
We will be failing in our duty if we do not thank adequately all the members of the SPCL staff
and collegues of the Delhi region for their help in completing the project work.
3
INDEX
PART – I CIVIL
Page No.
1. Introduction 9
2. Salient features and major works 11
3. Key Contract conditions 14
4. Mobilization 15
4.1 Site utilization Plan 15
4.2 Labour 16
4.3 Material 18
4.4 Machinery 19
4.5 Staff deployment 21
5. Execution 22
5.1 Excavation 22
5.1.1 Scope 22
5.1.1.1 Quantity 22
5.1.1.2 Dismantling / Demolition 23
5.1.3 Mode of measurement for Hard rock excavation 24
5.2 Shuttering 26
5.2.1 Repetitions 28
5.2.2 Shuttering Usage Ratio 28
5.2.3 Members 30
5.2.3.1 Columns 30
5.2.3.2 Cills and Lintels 30
5.3 Concrete 31
5.3.1 Scope 31
5.3.2 Challenges faced 32
5.4 Reinforcement 33
5.4.1 Scope 33
5.4.2 Equipments used 33
4
6. Finishing 34
6.1 Flooring 34
6.1.1 Terrazo tiles 34
6.1.2 Kota stone 35
6.1.3 Ceramic tiles 36
6.1.4 IPS flooring 37
6.2 Wall finish 37
6.3 False ceiling 37
6.4 Corian Stone partitions 38
6.5 External façade 39
6.5.1 Delhi Quartzite stone cladding 39
6.5.2 Grit wash 40
6.5.3 Terracota Jali work 41
7. Terrace Waterproofing 42
8. Quality 45
9. Safety 46
10. Learnings 49
PART – II SERVICES
1. Introduction 51
2. Scope of Work 52
3. HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) 53
3.1 HVAC Equipment 53
3.2 Sequence of HVAC work 56 3.3 Material Required 57
3.4 Specification of Main Items 61
3.5 Important point to be checked at the time of Installation 66
3.6 Working Principle of HVAC system 67
5
3.7 Refrigeration cycle description 68
3.7.1 Operation 68
3.2 Evaporator 69
3.7.3 Absorber 69
3.7.4 Generator 69
3.7.5 Heat Exchanger 69
3.7.6 Condenser 70
3.8 Valves 70
4. Green building 71
5. BMS (Building Management System) 73
5.1 Field Devices (Sensors) For BMS 73
5.2 Field Level Controllers 73
5.3 Supervisory Level 73
5.4 Fire Alarm System 75
5.5 Public Address System 76
6. Electrical 78 6.1 Electrical System 78
6.1.1 Source of power supply 78
6.2 Electrical Internal Wiring 82
6.3 Main LT Panel 84
6.4 Earthing 85
6.5 Important Points to be remembered 85
7. Fire Fighting 86-92
6
LIST OF FIGURES Part 1 (Civil)
Fig 1 An artistic impression of the school 09
Fig 2 Octagonal shape of the structure 12
Fig 4.1.1 Uprooting of trees 15
Fig 4.1.2 Shifting of tree for transplant 16
Fig 4.2.1 Provision of Cold water for drinking 17
Fig 4.2.2 Toilets 17
Fig 4.3.1 Unloding of Reinforcement 18
Fig 4.3.2 Shifting of Reinforcement 19
Fig 5.1.2.1 Jack hammer 23
Fig 5.1.2.2 Rock breaker 24
Fig 5.1.3.1 Bucket excavator 25
Fig 5.1.3.2 Fissures being created manually 25
Fig 5.2.1 Cup Lock TITAN HV System 27
Fig 5.2.2 Easy De shuttering 27
Fig 5.2.3 Faster release of material 27
Fig 5.2.2.1 Deviation of Shuttering Usage Ratio 29
Fig 5.2.3.1.1 Making of Formwork for chamfered edges in columns 30
Fig 5.3.1.1 Exposed surfaces of Concrete 31
Fig 5.3.2.1 Exposed slab concrete 32
Fig 5.3.2.2 View of exposed concrete from the courtyard 33
Fig 6.1.1.1 Fixing of Tiles 34
Fig 6.1.2.2 Unpolished Kota Stone with inlay of 100mm Udaipur green marble 35
Fig 6.1.2.1 Polished Kota Stone 36
Fig 6.1.3.1 Flooring and dado with Ceramic tiles 36
Fig 6.3.1 Acoustic false ceiling 38
Fig 6.4.1 Pre Polished Corian Stone used in WC partitions 38
Fig 6.5.1.2 DQ stone cladding with SS angle after 4th layer of stone 40
Fig 6.5.2.1 Grit wash done by making panels using wooden beading 41
Fig 6.5.3.1 Terracota Jali used as an elevation feature 41
7
Fig 7.1 Layer of cold bitumen primer 42
Fig. 7.2 Polymetric mats laid for water protection 42
Fig 7.3 Expanded polystyrene with ship lap joints 43
Fig 7.4 Layer of Pee gravels 43
Fig7.5 Section of terrace waterproofing 44
Fig. 8.1 Quality lab on site 45
Fig 9.1 Graph for cumulative man hours worked v/s safe man hours 46
Fig 9.2 Fire drill program 47
Fig 9.3 Site barricading for clear passage way 48
Fig 9.4 Foam protection at the joints 48
Part 2 (Services)
Fig 1 Types of Services 52
Fig: 3.1 Vam Machine 53
Fig: 3.2 TFA (Treated Fresh Air) 54
Fig: 3.3 Cooling Tower 54
Fig: 3.4 Complete HVAC System Inside the building 55
Fig: 3.5 Pumps installation at site 56
Fig: 3.6 Schematic flow Diagram of HVAC System 67
Fig: 3.7 Li B r - H2O CYCLE 68
Fig: 5.1 Showing the location of all sensors and detector in a building. 74
Fig 5.2 BMS system Architecture 74
Fig: 6 Electrical Power Flow 78
Fig:6.1 TCG 2016 V 16 GAS GEN SET 79
Fig: 6.2 Piping Of GG 79
Fig: 6.3 Power Panel, Cabling and Bus Duct 80
Fig: 6.4 Main LT Panel 84
Fig: 7.1 Sprinkler heads 86
Fig: 7.2 Insight arrangement of fire door 87
8
PART I (CIVIL)
9
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Located on twelve acres in the heart of the diplomatic community of New Delhi, the American
Embassy School is one of the premier schools of Delhi imparting quality education to every
child. The buildings have been designed to blend into a small rocky hill and lend a friendly,
informal atmosphere to the school. This is a coeducational, independent day school, which offers
education from preschool to +2 level. At present, the New Delhi American Embassy school
enrolls more than 42 nationalities. It houses different facilities like libraries, centre for physical
education, modernized buildings and performing arts. Surrounding the American Embassy
School are the prestigious embassies of countries viz. Greece, Saudi Arab, Sultanate of Oman
and Qatar embassies.
Fig 1 An artistic impression of the school
The Project was a part of the expansion works of the American Embassy school. The American
embassy school comprises of three different blocks viz. Elementary school, Primary School &
10
High school. It was SPCL who had constructed the Elementary school and Primary school. Thus
this project may be considered as a repeat order for SPCL.
The project comprised of the dismantling of the existing High school block which was a G+1
structure with a new LGF+GF+2 structure. The complete project constituted the demolition of
the existing structure, arrangement for the relocation of the students during the construction
phase, construction of the school building with finishing and services and followed by the
landscaping works.
Of the above, the construction of the new school building along with the complete finishes was
put into the scope of SPCL and also the demolition of the foundations of the old structure. SPCL
was later on awarded the Co-ordination of the Services.
The building comprised of the state of the art facilities for the students viz. with top class
interiors and exteriors with the most modern gadgets The school building produces its own
power and the power consumption is monitored and controlled by the latest BMS technology.
The cooling and heating is not only controlled by sensors but the entire design of the building is
such so as to absorb minimum heat and allow maximum natural light by way of its octagonal
shape with a open-to-sky courtyard within the building, large windows, tinted laminated glass on
south and east faces, terracotta jail work on shafts and a 150mm thick polystyrene insulation on
the terrace. State of the art insulations on the cooling towers and plant room restricts the
vibrations and sound levels to a near zero level. Natural materials like Kota stone, Delhi
Quartzite Stone cladding, Grit wash, Terracota, Marble puts the building in harmony with nature.
No wonder that this building is on its way for a Silver Rating LEEDS Certification.
Key Players
The work was awarded to SPCL by the American Embassy School who were thus the client for
SPCL. The conceptual design of the building was made by an American architect John Derik
but the entire work was executed with Arcop Associates Pvt. Ltd as the architect . Desman was
the Structural Consultant while Sanelac was the services consultant.
11
CHAPTER 2
SALIENT FEATURES & MAJOR WORKS
The main feature of the building was in the shape of the building which blended the existing
landscape and rocky terrain with the structural design. The building is an octagonal shape in plan
with an open courtyard in the centre. The structure foundations are at three different levels. The
first level is the raft for the basement which accommodates a compactly designed plant room
enclosed by RCC Retaining walls. The lower ground floor is the next level which is in the shape
of a “ C ” and accommodates the laboratories along with a lovely courtyard and a rocky wall
closing the floor on one side The third level of foundations is on the ground floor which
comprises of classrooms and a breakout space which opens out into the existing building.
Further the building is structurally connected to the existing building by a bridge on the first
floor which directly connects the two structures . In totality the building is a (Basement + LGF+
G+2 ) structure .
12
Fig 2 Octagonal shape of the structure
SPCL was initially awarded the Civil works for the project which comprised of the dismantling
of existing foundations, Structure works and finishing works comprising of Flooring,
waterproofing, Aluminium Doors and windows etc.
13
The quantity wise breakup of some major works as per contract was as follows:-
Table 2
The LOA Issued to SPCL for the civil works including the finishes was of Rupees Ten crores
and fifty five lakhs. SPCL was further awarded the co-ordination of the services’ works. The co-
ordination amount was Rupees. The contract period was of Twelve months for the complete
execution and handing over.
EEaarrtthhwwoorrkk 22665555 ccuu..mm
FFiilllliinngg 11550000 ccuu..mm
SShhuutttteerriinngg 1100000000 ssqq..mm
RReeiinnffoorrcceemmeenntt 330055 MMTT
CCoonnccrreettiinngg 22330000 ccuu..mm
MMaassoonnrryy 440000 ccuu..mm
PPllaasstteerr 99550000 ssqq..mm
TTeerrrraazzoo ttiilleess 33330000 ssqq..mm
KKoottaa ssttoonnee 11550000 ssqq..mm
CCeerraammiicc ttiilleess 11115500 ssqq..mm
DDQQ SSttoonnee ccllaaddddiinngg 443300 ssqq..mm
GGrriitt wwaasshh 660000 ssqq..mm
PPaaiinnttiinngg 88880000 ssqq..mm
SSttrruuccttuurraall sstteeeell 77 MMTT
FFaallssee cceeiilliinngg
GGyyppssuumm BBooaarrdd 11773366 ssqq..mm
GGrriidd CCeeiilliinngg 11007766 ssqq..mm
AAlluummiinniiuumm wwoorrkkss 6600 LLaaccss..
RRooaadd wwoorrkkss 66 LLaaccss..
14
CHAPTER 3
KEY CONTRACT CONDITIONS
The contract was an item rate contract with no provision for any escalation.
15% of the contract value was to be released as mobilization advance which was to be recovered
from the 2nd RA Bill in 10 equal installments.
SPCL had to submit Bank Guarantees against mobilization (15% of CV ), Performance (5% of
CV valid till 12 months from date of completion of work) & Retention (5% of RA Bill including
extra items)
Liquidated damages to be levied at 0.5% of CV per week to a maximum of 5% of CV .There was
also a provision for a Bonus of 0.25% of CV per week to a maximum of 5% of CV for early
completion.
Defect Liability Period was 12 months.
Allowable Quantity variation was 15% exceeding which the rates would be revised as per mutual
agreement.
Water and Electricity was to be supplied by client free of cost .
15
CHAPTER 4
MOBILIZATION
4.1 Site utilization plan
The mobilization process is a very vital step for any project . At the American Embassy school
project the difficulties compounded on various accounts. The work was to be executed in a VIP
area, in an existing working school campus, existing landscaping to be unaffected including
trees, rocks etc.
The site utilization plan was prepared taking into account the above restrictions and limitations.
The site was first and foremost isolated from the existing school campus by a complete
barricading. The shuttering and reinforcement yards were established at reasonably flat areas
without any damage to the undulating rocky terrain. The trees within the vicinity were uprooted
and transplanted elsewhere in the school premises.
Fig 4.1.1 Uprooting of tree
16
Fig 4.1.2 Shifting of tree for transplant
4.2 Labour
Due to space constraints the labour camp could not be accommodated at the site. Also since it
was a very VIP area, the installation of labour camp just outside the site was not possible. Thus
local labour was deployed.
Also rooms were hired for the transit labour in the nearby vicinity . Further arrangement of
accommodation was put into the scope of PRWs/ Sub-contractors. Labour welfare was one of the
prime concerns and various facilities were made available for the labour on site as:
• Toilets
• Cold water for drinking
• Canteen
• Safety Jackets
• Registration with labour departments and provision of identity cards
17
Fig 4.2.1 Provision of Cold water for drinking
Fig 4.2.2 Toilets
18
4.3 Material
Since there was an existing school running next to the site, movement of heavy machinery was
not possible during the school hours i.e upto 04:00 pm. Also being a VIP area, permissions and
statutory approvals from the concerned authorities for the movement of machinery was
mandatory. Due to lack of space and the site conditions stacking of material was difficult.
These limitations were overcome by a clear intimation to the suppliers regarding levels of
acceptance of materials and the quantity requirements, constant quality control checks before
unloading and construction of bins for material stacking and avoiding mixing of aggregates.
These restrictions led to the procurement of entire quantum of steel within 5 days. For this the
diameter wise breakup for the structure was calculated by the structural consultant. This 305 MT
of steel was shifted and stacked manually as initially the approach did not exist. This was a
herculean task and its successful completion boosted the morale of the SPCL staff at the very
start of the project.
Fig 4.3.1 Unloading of Reinforcement
19
Fig 4.3.2 Shifting of Reinforcement
4.4 Machinery
The machinery requirements at American Embassy School project was minimal on account of
the small quantities .Also the working of the equipments was to be timed in such a manner that
they did not disturb the surrounding school functioning.
20
The equipments deployed are listed below:
AAiirr CCoommpprreessssoorr 11 NNooss
BBuuiillddeerr HHooiisstt 11 NNooss
MMoonnoo BBlloocckk ppuummpp ((55 HHPP)) 33 NNooss
MMoonnoo BBlloocckk ppuummpp ((77..55 HHPP)) 33 NNooss
MMiinnii ppuummpp ((11 HHPP)) 11 NNooss
EElleeccttrriicc vviibbrraattoorr ((33 HHPP)) 44 NNooss
MM SS CCuutttteerr mm//cc ((1100 aammpp)) 22 NNooss
HHaanndd GGrriinnddeerr ((33..88 aammpp)) 22 NNooss
HHaammmmeerr ddrriillll mm//cc ((33..99 HHPP)) 11 NNooss
CChhiippppiinngg mm//cc ((55..77 aammpp)) 11 NNooss
CCiirrccuullaarr ssaaww mm//cc ((44..77 aammpp)) 11 NNooss
PPeettrrooll vviibbrraattoorr ((33000000 RRPPMM)) 22 NNooss
HHaanndd ddrriillll mm//cc ((11225500 RRPPMM)) 22 NNooss
Table 4.4.1 Machinery deployed at AES
21
4.5 Staff Deployment
The works were executed by a vibtrant, young and dedicated team of individuals. The organization
chart of the site clearly indicates the dedication and productivity of the team. The project was initially
commenced by the civil team who were later on joined by the collegues from the services co-ordination
team.
RO Support
Coordinator-M.K.Dubey
Project Manager-
K.Stanley.Unni
Planning Engineer-
Richi gupta
Safety Officer-
SP.SinghSafety
Steward
P&M-Dept.
Mechanic-Ramesh
Electrician-Surender
Electrician-Chakrabort
y
EngineerQS-
Mohd.Fozir
EngineerQA &QC
Sr. Engineer
Engineer Civil Works
Foreman-Kundan
Supervisor-Piyush
Engineer Finishing
Foreman-Neeraj Supervisor
Services Co-ordinator- Tejvir
Singh Services Engineer-
Noorul Islam
Store Keeper-
John Thomas
Asst. Stores-Mangilal
Time keeper-
Nepal Singh
22
CHAPTER 5
EXECUTION
5.1 Excavation
5.1.1 Scope 5.1.1.1 Quantity
The quantity to be excavated according to the BOQ was 4424 cu.m while the actual quantity excavated was
4424 cu.m. Within this, the quantity payable as under hard rock was 3200 cu.m and the rest 1224 cu.m was
payable under all kinds of soil.
5.1.1.2 Dismantling / Demolition
The existing buildings and structures within the boundary of the site had to be
demolished. The demolition of the super structure was not in the scope of SPCL but the demolition of the
foundation members was . The debris had to be transported from the site on a daily basis due to lack of space.
All the approvals from the local Government Authorities and the necessary deposits was in the scope of SPCL.
23
5.1.2 Methodology adopted
The American Embassy School is built on a rocky terrain. Since Blasting was strictly prohibited, and different
methods were adopted for the excavation depending on the type of rock. The different methods adopted for
the excavation works are described in brief:-
Bucket excavaters (Poclain)- These were deployed effectively for the excavation in loose soil, hard soil and
loose rocks.
Jack hammers were used to dismantle the the foundations of the old building and soft rocks and hard rocks
with fissures.
Tractor mounted compressors with typical drill bits were used to drill holes in hard rocks without any fissures
so as to create an artificial crack and breaking later on.
In case of hard rocks without fissures highly skilled rock cutters were deployed who would work diligently
and dismantle rocks which were then removed from site.
Fig 5.1.2.1 Jack hammer
24
Fig 5.1.2.2 Rock breaker
5.1.3 Mode of measurement for Hard rock excavation
The ground level was recorded at a maximum of 5 meters interval. Average of these readings was taken as the
average ground level and depth of excavation in cutting was computed from these spot levels.
Bottom width excavation was measured as given in foundation drawings and details showing the width of the
bedding concrete only and hence the side clearance was covered in the rates.
Where soil, soft rock and hard rock were mixed, the measurements for the entire excavation were computed
from the levels and dimensions taken.
Excavated materials from ‘HARD ROCK’ and ‘SOFT ROCK’ were stacked separately and measurement was
reduced by 50% to allow for voids to arrive at the quantity payable under ‘hard rock’ and ‘soft rock’
respectively.
25
The difference in the entire excavation (worked out from levels) and the quantities payable under ‘hard rock’
and ‘soft rock’ were paid as excavation in all kinds of soil.
Fig 5.1.3.2 Fissures being created manually
Fig 5.1.3.1 Bucket excavator
26
5.2 Shuttering
The type of shuttering used at American Embassy School was Cup Lock TITAN HV System.
The advantages of Cup lock Titan HV system:
• Allows fast and systematic erection and dismantling.
• Uses light weight aluminium beams.
• Drop heads allow easy de shuttering of the ply on infill beams.
• Requires Minimal space for storage.
• Provides easy accessibility.
Fig 5.2.1 Cup Lock TITAN HV System
27
Fig 5.2.2 Easy De shuttering
Fig 5.2.3 Faster release of material
The structural work at AES
was initially planned for 8
months which was later
brought down to 6 months
due to various delays i.e the
start of structure works was
delayed by almost 2 months.
To cover up with this loss of
time, work at every possible
front was started.
28
5.2.1 Repetitions
It is the number of times the shuttering material is utilized (repeated). Average number of repetitions achieved
at AES was (16945 / 2547) = 6.7 repetitions.
The reasons for low repetitions are : (1) The time span for the structure to be completed was very short. This
did not allow the material to be fully utilized (repeated). (2) The clients requirement of exposed concrete
meant that the shuttering material that was being used was supposed to be in the best of the condition. (3) Due
to the delay in start of the structure part maximum available fronts had to be covered, which meant utilization
of more material than that was planned.
5.2.2 Shuttering usage ratio (SUR)
The shuttering usage ratio is defined as the Quantity of shuttering done / Total Quantity of shuttering material
available. Due to the technicality of the structure (i.e octagonal shape & requirement of exposed concrete) the
SUR planned as per PSE was 1.13 while the achieved SUR was 0.73. Various reasons attributed to low SUR
such as: (1). The initial material procured was 1444 sq.m while the material consumed was only 580 sq.m. (2).
The requirement of exposed concrete asked for the formwork to be in the best condition at all times. Re-usage
of shuttering material was done with utmost care. (3). After the major portion of structure was over the
material could not be dispatched to the store or any other site.
29
Fig 5.2.2.1 Deviation of Shuttering Usage Ratio
0.40.46
0.81
0.96
1.211.24
0.19 0.13
1.28
0.73
1.05
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug sep
SUR
Months
SUR
Avg. Planned
Shuttering Usage Ratio
5.2.3 Mem
5.2.3.1 Co
The column
5.2.3.2 Ci
The cills an
mbers
olumns
ns were exp
Fig 5
ills and L
nd lintels we
Cha
posed and h
.2.3.1.1 Ma
Lintels
ere also exp
Shut
amfered edg
ad chamfer
aking of For
posed and w
ttering Boar
ge
Shuttering
ed edges as
rmwork for
were project
rd
g Board
s shown belo
chamfered
ting outward
ow.
edges in co
ds approxim
olumns
mately 100m
mm.
30
31
5.3 Concrete
5.3.1 Scope
The planned concreting that was to be done as per BOQ was 2655 cu.m while the actual quantity of concrete
that was consumed was 2640 cu.m.
Due to the acute space constraint and very less concrete quantity it was not feasible to install a batching plant
on the project. The concrete production on the project was from a single RM-800 for the casting of irregular
pours viz. columns, mullions, parapets etc and Ready Mixed Concrete for major pours in slabs
Fig 5.3.1.1 Exposed surfaces of Concrete
32
5.3.2 Challenges faced
Since the requirement was of exposed concrete, there was absolutely no room for repairs on the surface of
concrete. This led to the use of extra supporting in shuttering, involvement of more labour and time, just an
appropriate use of vibrator was very vital for the concrete surfaces to be free from honeycombing. Also, as
concreting requires the use of vibrators which creates noise pollution, this activity could not be performed
during the day time, as there were restrictions on the timings due to the running of school in the nearby
vicinity.
Fig 5.3.2.1 Exposed slab concrete
33
5.4 Reinforcement
5.4.1 Scope
Quantity according to the BOQ was 305 MT which was procured at the start of the project, while the actual
quantity executed was 304.26 MT. This is a variance of 0.74 MT i.e 0.24%.
5.4.2 Equipments used
For cutting and bending of reinforcement one cutting machine and one bending machine were deployed at the
site.
Fig 5.3.2.2 View of exposed concrete from the courtyard
34
CHAPTER 6
FINISHES
The entire finishing was in the scope of SPCL Except for the interior decorations/loose furniture.
6.1 Flooring
The flooring package comprised of different types of flooring for different areas viz:-
• Terrazo Tiles flooring in classrooms and laboratories.
• Kota stone flooring on corridors and staircases.
• Ceramic Tiles in Toilets.
• IPS Flooring in Electrical rooms and Plant room.
• Grit wash flooring around the building
• Mosaic flooring in courtyard.
6.1.1 Terrazo tiles flooring
The tiles were unpolished precast Terrazo tiles
purchased from NITCO (Northern India Tile
Company) of regular size 300mm x 300mm x
25mm. These tiles were laid over an average bed
thickness of 20mm of cement mortar 1:4 with
utmost care given to produce perfect joints and
edges. These joints were then grouted, followed by
grinding and polishing. For the protection of this
finished flooring, Plaster Of Paris was laid over a
polythene sheet.
Fig 6.1.1.1 Fixing of Tiles
35
6.1.2 Kota stone flooring
Kota stone was procured as per approved sample. Initially rough kota stone was laid which was later on
changed to polished kota for which polishing was done after first handover. The regular size of the stone was
550mm x 500mm interspaced with 100mm strips and inlay of 100mm Udaipur green marble bands. Kota stone
was also laid on the staircases with treads and risers of a single stone having moulded edges with nosing. The
skirting was projecting outwards and had chamfered edges.
Fig 6.1.2.2 Unpolished Kota Stone with inlay of 100mm Udaipur
green marble
6.1.3 Cer
The Ceram
Fig 6.1.3
ramic tiles
mic tiles w
3.1 Flooring
s in Toilet
were laid in
g and dado
Fig 6
ts
n the toilet
with Ceram
6.1.2.1 Polis
ts of “Glac
mic tiles
shed Kota S
cier white”
The
was
the
tiles
Stone
” shade pur
e size of the
s used in fl
Dado was 2
s in the toile
rchased fro
e tiles was 3
looring and
2.4mts.
ets.
om ORIEN
300mm x 30
dado. The
36
NT TILES.
00mm and
height of
37
6.1.4 IPS Flooring
Indian Patent Stone Flooring was done in the plant rooms and Electrical rooms. Thickness was of 40mm and it
was laid in two layers, the first layer was 28mm thick while the second layer was 12mm thick.
6.1.5 Wall Finish
The wall finishing comprised of plaster with a 6-8mm layer of POP Punning which was painted as per the
approved shade. Different types of paints were used for different areas viz:-
Plastic Emulsion paint of “Berkeshire white shade” from Dulux was used for the interior walls i.e inside the
classrooms etc.
Apex Emulsion paint was used for the exterior walls i.e along corridors.
Synthetic Enamel paint was applied on the Door frames and Railings.
6.2 False Ceiling
The American Embassy school had two different types of false ceiling viz. Acoustic tiles & Gypsum board
false ceiling especially designed to cater to the minimum/maximum lux levels and also maintain efficient
cooling and noise insulation.
1) Acoustic Tiles of Armstong make were used in the project. The material i.e tiles and grid material was
procured by the client so as to avail the exemptions available to the embassies and the installation was
done by SPCL.
2) Gypsum Boards of India Gypsum were used along with jointing tapes and compound which were fixed
onto GI members supported from the ceiling by Fasteners.
38
6.3 Corian Stone partitions in Toilets
Fig 6.2.1 Acoustic false ceiling
Corian Stone is actually not a stone but is an
acrylic polymer sheet which is readily washable
and easy to maintain.
The toilets of the AES were of Corian stone
partitions mounted over SS Fittings. Corian stone
of 12mm was used with SS Channels and fixtures.
Fig 6.3.1 Pre Polished Corian Stone used in
WC partitions
39
6.4 External Façade
The Architect made it a point to design the building in such a manner so as to blend not only with the existing
school buildings but also the terrain. Also special attention was made to make the use of natural materials as
far as possible as per the norms of DUAC (Delhi Urban Architectural Committee). The external Façade
comprised of :-
• Delhi Quartzite stone Cladding
• Grit wash.
• Terracota Jali work
• Exposed Concrete finish
6.4.1 Delhi Quartzite stone cladding
DQ Stone which was locally available was dressed to the required shape and size with a thickness of 75mm -
100mm and fixed with a mortar backing of 120mm. SS angles of size 90x90x8mm were anchored with
fasteners on to RCC members at every 4th layer of stone so as to prevent and falling of stone from heights.
40
6.4.2 Grit wash Grit wash was done using locally available aggregate of size 10mm and downsize. Panels were
made using wooden beading.
Fig 6.4.1.2 DQ stone cladding with SS angle after 4th layer of stone
41
Fig 6.4.2.1 Grit wash done by making panels using wooden beading
6.4.3 Terracota Jali work
Fig 6.4.3.1 Terracota Jali used as an elevation feature
Terracota Jali was used to enclose staircase
and shafts. Terracota tiles of approved design
and size of 15mmx 150mm were used. These
were reinforced by using 3mm thick GI wire
at every 3 layer of tile.
42
CHAPTER 7
TERRACE WATERPROOFING
An exceptional feature at AES was the Terrace waterproofing. The typical features adopted for resisting water
leakages inside the building sets it class apart from the general methodology used. Thermal insulation
provided in the roof slab isolates the building from the precarious climate and helps retain the temperature of
the building, saving an accountable amount of energy from the external sources.
Over the RCC slab, PCC 1:4:8 was applied with
a slope and having an average thickness of
75mm. A layer of cold bitumen primer was
applied at 0.3 lt/sq.m over the entire surface to
cater to the requirement of a base for
waterproofing.
A layer of APP Polymetric mats (in the form of
sheets) 3 mm thick was overlapped on one
another and the joints welded in such a manner so
as to generate a smooth flow of water into the
drain along the periphery.
For providing extra protection from the
penetration of water inside the building, another
layer of polymetric mats was laid in the
perpendicular direction in the same manner.
Fig 7.1 Layer of cold bitumen primer
Fig. 7.2 Polymetric mats laid for water protection
43
Fig 7.4 Layer of Pee gravels
A MOPLY mineral membrane 4 kg/sqm was applied on the vertical surfaces on the terrace.
These layers were succeeded by three
layers of extended polystyrene 50mm
each were laid to provide thermal
insulation. This 150mm thick layer
granted absolute isolation from the
outside atmosphere. A layer of
DRENTEX 40 drainage mat was laid to
prevent water from penetrating inside
the polystyrene layers
A Geo textile layer, Terram
1500 was laid over DENTREX
40. A 100m thick layer of Pee
Gravel was laid on the top so
that the voids that are created
by these gravels which add to
the thermal insulation which is
a Green building concept. Also
the rain water percolates
through this layer and leaves
the other unwanted materials
(leaves and stems etc.) on the
surface only and the Pee
gravels resist the flying off of
the geo textile layer.
Fig 7.3 Extended polystyrene with ship lap joints
44
Fig7.5 Section of terrace waterproofing
45
CHAPTER 8
QUALITY
The quality standards maintained at the American Embassy School was remarkable. Apart from
the requirements of high quality standards by the clients, SPCL itself ensured an exalted check
on the quality in every possible aspect. In accomplishing an exceptional degree of quality, inspite
of space constraints a Quality Lab was installed on the site.
The laboratory was headed by a Quality Engineer who inspected and conducted tests on
concrete, concrete ingredients, soil and other construction materials for their strength and other
parameters. Visible tests were conducted at the time of unloading of the materials only, and no
deficient material was carried into the site premises. To adhere to our motto of delivering a
quality product we shared our knowledge on a weekly basis in the weekly meetings conducted
on site.
Fig. 8.1 Quality lab on site
46
CHAPTER 9
SAFETY
Fig 9.1 Graph for cumulative man hours worked v/s safe man hours
The graph above shows the exceptional performance by SPCL wherein the cumulative man hours
overlaps the safe man hours worked, i.e not a single hour was lost due to unsafe reasons.
A commendable job was performed by the safety personnel at the American Embassy School. The
SPCL employees paid great attention towards safety and helped in maintaining a safe working
environment at the site. This was a 100% safe site and such exemplary standard was achieved by various
steps taken towards educating the labour and the staff like the Daily tool box meeting and fire drill
program etc.
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
cumulative man hrs
First Aid
Safe Man Hours Worked
Also variou
lifting equip
Safety prec
G.I sheet us
us other me
pments, bar
cautions wer
sed for mak
easures were
rricading th
re taken me
king bounda
Fig 9.
e taken like
e required a
eticulously a
aries were p
.2 Fire drill
e maintenan
area and pro
and in every
protected by
l program
nce of safety
oviding a cl
y feasible as
y applying fo
y records, th
ear passage
spect for e.g
oam.
hird party te
e in all areas
g. even the j
esting of all
s.
junctions of
47
l the
f the
48
Fig 9.3 Site barricading for clear passage way
Fig 9.4 Foam protection at the joints
49
CHAPTER 10
LEARNINGS
Every single day in SPCL has taught us something or the other. Comparing ourselves from the day we
joined SPCL to this day we find an immense increase in the level of confidence and knowledge. The
theoretical knowledge obtained in the colleges has come to its practical application. To summarize our
learnings in a very broad sense we can segregate them as:
• Functioning of the company and the requirement of each department (HO, RO & the Site)
• Further sub divisions of the departments in the RO & the site.
• Co ordination between each department
• Work procedure to be followed from the very start i.e. :
o Selecting a suitable tender
o Bidding for the tender after rate analysis and arriving at a competitive tender cost
o Contractual conditions applicable
o Mobilization at the site
o Various statutory approvals
o Execution according to the technical specifications and scope of each department at the site
o Cost as well as progress monitoring
o Importance of maintenance of records and correspondences
o Handing over of the site
50
PART – II (SERVICES)
51
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Civil gives a firm building but it breaths through services. Service gives life to the building. Except
Structure all other facilities comes in services. Air conditioning, electrical, Building management
system, lift, plumbing, fire fighting these are common services which we generally find in building
services.
Services
HVAC
Electrical
Plumbing
Fire
Fighting
BMS
R.O. System
52
CHAPTER 2
SCOPE OF WORK SPCL was awarded the co-ordination work of the various services within the school premises. The
agencies were nominated by AES whose working was to be co-ordinated by SPCL. The various
agencies involved have been listed below:-
Total Rs.7,71,08,041.00 Rs. 8,56,81,195.00
Service Coordination Fee as per Contract Rs. 87,80,000.00
Add Service Tax and VAT Rs. 10,37,227.00
Total Coordination Fee Rs. 98,17,227.00
Total project cost Rs. 9,54,98,422.00
Table: 1
S. No. Name of Subcontractors Type of worksoriginal revised
1 M/s Ronsan Electrical Rs. 1,23,11,700.00 1,61,77,804.00Rs. 2 M/s Firepro System Pvt. Ltd. Fire fighting Rs. 24,24,708.00 23,81,290.00Rs. 3 M/s Quality Conscious ContrcPlumbing Rs. 66,40,535.00 90,96,454.00Rs. 4 M/s Sanvik Engineers (I) Pvt. HVAC Rs. 1,89,61,344.00 Rs. 1,95,13,647.00 5 M/s Johnson Control India PvBMS Rs. 19,67,900.00 20,20,431.00Rs. 6 M/s Schindler India Pvt. Ltd. Lift Rs. 24,53,074.00 24,53,074.00Rs. 7 M/s Adwyn Chemicals Pvt. LtdR.O. System Rs. 30,00,000.00 25,66,630.00Rs. 8 M/s Bright Insulations Insulation Rs. 35,97,846.00 33,95,807.00Rs. 9 M/s Green Power InternationGas generator Rs. 1,42,83,000.00 1,41,49,126.00Rs. 10 M/s Adarsh steel fabricators Fabrication Work Rs. 13,03,049.00 17,56,799.00Rs. 11 M/s Adleck Systems Pvt. Ltd. Panels Rs. 23,33,660.00 38,79,193.00Rs. 12 M/s Hilti India Pvt Ltd. Fire proof Material Rs. 7,23,404.00 7,23,404.00Rs. 13 M/s Concrete Solutions Application of Fire Proof Mate Rs. 1,97,473.00 2,60,344.00Rs. 14 M/s Shri Ram Electrical Work Electrical Rs. 21,99,724.00 24,73,743.00Rs. 15 M/s Indersons Supply of Armoured cable Rs. 12,46,613.00 12,46,613.00Rs. 16 M/s South Asian Enterprises Lightning Arrestor Rs. 3,30,312.00 3,13,896.00Rs. 17 M/s Anand Control System UPS Supply Rs. 14,61,640.00 14,61,640.00Rs. 18 M/s Cosmos System Cylinder Refiling Rs. 25,650.00 25,650.00Rs. 19 M/s System Split AC Rs. 97,096.00 97,096.00Rs. 20 M/s Sharp Air Cool Ducting Work Rs. 2,84,788.00 4,24,029.00Rs. 21 M/s HZ insulator Insulation Rs. 1,33,025.00 1,33,025.00Rs. 22 M/s Telecraft E solution EPABX Rs. 10,38,362.00 10,38,362.00Rs. 23 M/s Lokpal Chain Block Rs. 93,138.00 93,138.00Rs.
Contract Amount
53
CHAPTER 3
HVAC
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) is based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid
mechanics, and heat transfer. The three functions of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning are closely
interrelated. All seek to provide thermal comfort, acceptable indoor air quality, and reasonable
installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can provide ventilation, reduce air
infiltration, and maintain pressure relationships between spaces.
3.1 HVAC equipment 1. Vapour absorption machine (VAM):
Vapour absorption machines work on low-pressure steam or hot water as heat source. A
negligible amount of electrical energy is required to operate them.
Fig:3.1 VAM Machine
54
2. TFA (Treated Fresh Air)
Fig: 3.2 TFA (Treated Fresh Air)
3. Cooling tower
Fig: 3.3 Cooling Tower
55
4. FCU (Fan Coil Unit)
5. Chilled water pipe line
6. Diffuser
7. Fresh air duct
8. Exaust air duct
9. Plenum
10. Flexible connection
11. Drain
Fig: 3.4 Complete HVAC System Inside the building
12. Piping
13. Secondary chilled water pump
14. Primary chilled water pump
15. Condenser pump
56
Fig: 3.5 Pumps installation at site
16. Valves
17. Variable-frequency drive, for fine control of pumps
3.2 Sequence of HVAC work
Equipment Installation ( i.) VAM Installation
( ii.) TFA installation
( iii.) Primary, secondary and condenser pump installation
( iv.) Cooling Tower Installation
Accessories Installation ( i.) FCU installation
( ii.) Chilled water pipe line installation
( iii.) Hydro pressure testing of chilled water pipe line
( iv.) Duct installation and silicon filling
( v.) Smoke testing of duct
( vi.) Insulation of Duct and chilled water pipe lines
( vii.) Aluminum Cladding of Chilled water pipe lines( Inside the Building)
( viii.) Cement Cladding of chilled water pipe lines (at terrace)
( ix.) Valves fitting for:
57
(a.) CHW pumps
(b.) Condenser water pump
(c.) Cooling tower
(d.) FCU
( x.) Copper fitting
( xi.) FCU Canvass connection
( xii.) FCU Plenum fixing
( xiii.) Drain installation and insulation
3.3 Material Required
1. FCU installation:
( i.) Drill
( ii.) Fisher/Anchor fastener
( iii.) Stud
( iv.) Nut
( v.) FCU unit
( vi.) Electricity supply ( Panel, Board )
2. Chilled water pipe line installation
(a.) Chilled water pipe line for supply from CHW secondary pump
(b.) Chilled water pipe line for supply from CHW primary pump
( i.) Pipe
( ii.) Elbow
( iii.) Welding machine
( iv.) Welding rods
( v.) Gloves
( vi.) Screen
58
( vii.) Welding goggles
( viii.) Wooden Blocks
( ix.) Gas Cutter (oxygen and DA (Dissolve acetylene) cylinder)
Supports
( i.) Wooden blocks
( ii.) Fastener
( iii.) Drill Machine
( iv.) Angle
( v.) Stud
(d.) Man power (Fitter, welder, and rigger)
3. Hydro pressure testing of chilled water pipe line
( i.) Hydraulic pressure machine
( ii.) water supply
4. Duct installation and silicon filling
( i.) Fabricated Duct
( ii.) Gas Kit
( iii.) Clamp
( iv.) Silicon Paste (adhesive material)
( v.) Silicon filling pump (Silicon gun)
Supports:-
( vi.) Angle
( vii.) Drill machine
( viii.) Fastener
( ix.) Stud
59
5. Insulation
(a.) Duct Insulation
( i.) CPRX Solution
( ii.) Glass Wool with foil
( iii.) Belt
( iv.) Gas Kit (Rubber Pieces)
( v.) Cello Tape
( vi.) Aluminum Foil Tape
(b.) Pipe Insulation (Cladding)
(i.) Thermocol section
(ii.) Aluminum Sheet
(iii.) Screw
(iv.) Belt
(v.) Strip Puncture
(vi.) Polythene
(vii.) CPRX solution
6. Smoke testing of duct
(i.) Smoke bomb
7. Valve Fitting
(i.) Valves
Balancing Valve
Motorised Valve
Drain Valve
Strainer Valve
(ii.) Wrench
(iii.) Holdtight Solution
(iv.) Threads
60
8. Copper Fitting
(i.) Cu Pipe and elbow
(ii.) Brazing rod
(iii.) Gas Cylinders
9. Flexible connection
(i.) Canvass
(ii.) Aluminum
(iii.) Wooden Hammer
(iv.) Drill
(v.) Bolt Nut
(vi.) Gas kit
10. Plenum Fixing
(i.) Duct
(ii.) Fastener
(iii.) Drill Machine
(iv.) Hammer
(v.) Duct Lining
(vi.) Gas Kit
(vii.) Nut
(viii.) Bolt
11. Drain installation and insulation
(i.) PVC Pipe
(ii.) 90o elbow
(iii.) 450 elbow
(iv.) Holdtight.
Support:-
61
(i.) Stud
(ii.) Bolt
(iii.) Angle
(iv.) Drill machine
(v.) Fastener
3.4 Specification of Main Items 1. CHILLER (VAM): S.No. DESCRIPTION
1. MANUFACTURER Thermax Ltd.
2. TYPE VAM
3. CAPACITY 310TR
4. REFRIGERANT Lithium Bromide
CONDENSER:
1. MANUFACTURER Thermax Ltd
2. PRIMARY CHILLED WATER PUMPS:
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A GENERAL
2. Manufacturer SUZHOU Teco Elec & Mech. Corp
B PERFORMANCE DATA
1. Rated Flow (USGPM) 1.12 mm /s
2. Head (ft WC/m WC) 66ft
3. Selected Drive Motor Induction Motor
4. Pump Rated Speed (rpm) 1460
5. Pump Efficiency >75%
C MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Casing CI
62
2. Impellor SS
D DRIVE MOTOR
1. Motor Type S1 / Induction
2. Rating (kW) 11 KW
3. Rated Current 20.7 Amp
4. Rated Voltage 415 V
5. Frequency 50 Hz
6. Power factor 0.83
7. Motor Full load
Efficiency 90.1%
3. SECONDARY CHILLED WATER PUMPS:
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A. GENERAL
2. Manufacturer ITT Bell Gossett
B. PERFORMANCE DATA
1. Rated Flow (USGPM) 1408
2. Head (ft WC/m WC) 66 ft
3. Selected Drive Motor Induction Motor
4. Pump Rated Speed (rpm) 1460
5. Pump Efficiency >75%
C. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Casing CI
2. Impellor SS
D. DRIVE MOTOR
2. Motor Type S1 / Induction
3. Rating (kW) 15 KW
4. Rated Current 27.6 Amp
5. Rated Voltage 415 V
63
6. Frequency 50Hz
7. Power factor 0.83
8. Motor Full load Efficiency 90.1%
4. CONDENSER WATER PUMPS - VAM
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A. GENERAL
1. Type Split casting centrifugal Pump
2. Manufacturer ITT Bell Gossett
3. Quantity 2 No.
B. PERFORMANCE DATA
1. Rated Flow (USGPM) 1408
2. Head (ft WC/m WC) 66 ft
3. Selected Drive Motor Induction Motor
4. Pump Rated Speed (rpm) 1450
5. Pump Efficiency >75%
C. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Casing CI
2. Impellor SS
D. DRIVE MOTOR
2. Motor Type Induction / S1
3. Rating (kW) 22 KW / 30HP
4. Rated Current 39.1 Amp
5. Rated Voltage 415 V
6. Frequency 50Hz
7. Power factor 0.83
8. Motor Full load Efficiency 90.1%
64
5. CONDENSER WATER PUMPS - GG
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A. GENERAL
1. Type Split casting centrifugal Pump
2. Manufacturer ITT Bell Gossett
3. Quantity 2 No.
B. PERFORMANCE DATA
1. Rated Flow (USGPM) 1408
2. Head (ft WC/m WC) 66 ft
3. Selected Drive Motor Induction Motor
4. Pump Rated Speed (rpm) 1450
5. Pump Efficiency >75%
C. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Casing CI
2. Impellor SS
D. DRIVE MOTOR
2. Motor Type Induction / S1
3. Rating (kW) 10Kw
4. Rated Current 39.1 Amp
5. Rated Voltage 415 V
6. Frequency 50Hz
7. Power factor 0.83
8. Motor Full load Efficiency 90.1%
6. COOLING TOWER
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A. GENERAL
1. Capacity 310TR
2. Quantity 1 No
65
3. Type Induce Draft
4. Manufacturer Bell Cooling Tower
B. PERFORMANCE DATA
1. Flow Rate 1408 USGPM
2. Leaving Water Temperature 88 Deg F
C. FAN DATA
1. Fan Speed 960rpm
2. Fan motor HP 7.5KW
3. Fan Motor Speed 960rpm
7. FAN COIL UNITS
S. No. Model No. TR Qty
1 SRC-400-SW-PF-4C 1.0 8
2 SRC-400-HW-PF-4C 1.5 5
3 SRC-600-HW-PF-4C 2.0 9
4 SRC-800-HW-PF-4C 2.5 8
5 SRC-1200-HW-PF-4C 3.0 28
6 SRC-1400-HW-PF-4C 3.5 39
8. Air Washer
S. No Description Data
1 Fan RPM 746
2 Motor Rating 18.5KW / 4 pole
3 Speed 43000 CFM
4 Static Pressure 40 Mwg
9. Exhaust Fan (Plant Room)
S. No Description Data
1 Fan RPM 746
66
2 Motor Rating 15KW / 4 pole
3 Speed 30000 CFM
4 Static Pressure 40 mWG
10. Treated Fresh Air (TFA) Units
S. No Description Data
1 Capacity 43 TR
2 Motor Rating 10 KW / 3 KW
3 CFM 11524
3.5 Important Point to be checked at the time of installation
• Wooden Support should not be above FCU.
• Supports should be at proper distance.
• Strainer Valve should be properly aligned otherwise it would not filter the CHW pipe line water
which might cause blockage in FCU.
• Valve should be fitted inside the tray.
• Tapping from main header line should have proper space to carry out the insulation work.
• Valve should be tight using hold tight solution.
• FCU alignment should be at 1800 angle.
67
3.6 Working Principle of HVAC system
Fig: 3.6 Schematic flow Diagram of HVAC System
68
3.7 Refrigeration cycle description
3.7.1 OPERATION Vapour absorption machine consists of two sections in one shell. The lower section houses the
evaporator and the absorber. The upper section houses the generator
and the condenser. The pressure in the lower section is of the order of 6 mm Hg (abs) while the pressure
in the upper section is about 70 mm Hg(abs). LiBr-Water combination is used in the operation of vapour
absorption cycle. Water acts as the refrigerant and LiBr as the absorbent. Solution pump, refrigerant
pump, heat exchanger, purge unit and the control panel complete the machine.
Fig: 3.7 Li B r - H2O CYCLE
69
3.7.2 EVAPORATOR
Refrigerant pump sprays the water over the evaporator tube bundle. The water to be chilled that is
circulating in the evaporator tubes, gets cooled as the refrigerant water in the shell evaporates because of
extremely low pressure in the evaporator shell.
3.7.3 ABSORBER
The refrigerant water vapour goes to the absorber through a mist eliminator. Concentrated LiBr-Water
solution is sprayed over the absorber tube bundle. The refrigerant vapour
is absorbed by the strong solution being sprayed and heat of absorption is removed by cooling water
passing through the absorber tubes. The weak solution form the absorber is sent by the solution pump to
the generator for recovering the refrigerant water vapour.
3.7.4 GENERATOR Weak solution from absorber is heated in the generator with the help of low pressure steam / hot water.
The refrigerant water vapour is evaporated and goes to the condenser. The strong solution is sent down
to the absorber for further absorption of water vapour.
3.7.5 HEAT EXCHANGER
To recover the heat energy form the strong solution returning to absorber a heat exchanger is used. The
cold weak solution being pumped from the absorber picks up excess heat from the strong solution. This
improves cycle efficiency.
70
3.7.6 CONDENSER
The water vapour evaporated in the generator at a higher temperature and pressure is condensed to liquid
form in the condenser where the heat of condensation is picked up by the cooling water from the
absorber inlet circulating in the condenser tubes. The condensed refrigerant water is returned to the
evaporator through an expansion device.
3.8 Valves
Ball valve: - This valve is use for isolating the FCU unit from main header line. Generally it is
used in return side in FCU unit.
Strainer Valve: - Two purposes are fulfilled by this valve. First it is used for isolating the FCU
unit and second it is also used for straining dust and rust from FCU unit.
Balancing Valve: - Flow of chilled water into FCU unit is controlled by balancing valve eg. 1
TR cooling required 2.4 GPM (Gallon Per minutes) water supplies. Generally it is used in return
side so that we can ensure about the water supply into FCU unit.
Motorized Valve: - It is very important valve to automatically regulate the conditioning.
71
CHAPTER 4
GREEN BUILDING
Green Building involves design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the
negative impact of buildings on the environment and occupants in five broad areas:
1. Sustainable site planning
2. Safeguarding water and water efficiency
3. Energy efficiency and renewable energy
4. Conservation of materials and resources
5. Improving Indoor environmental quality
The American Embassy School has been so designed so as to obtain a “Green Building” certification
from LEEDS. With the existing system the AES is a strong contender to obtain a silver rating.
Various initiatives have been adopted in the school so as to obtain the same. Some of them are as:-
1) The design of the building itself is such to as obtain maximum natural light and requires
minimal cooling. This has been done by the Octagonal shape with an open-to-sky courtyard in
the centre.
2) The Air-conditioning system incorporates a Vapour Absorption Machine which intakes the
waste exhausts from the gas generator and utilises them to generate cooling.
3) The roofing comprises of 150mm layer polystyrene boards which provide adequate insulation
from the scorching sun. Also on the roof is a 300mm thick layer of pea gravel which as acts an
insulation.
72
4) The architectural design takes into account the blending of the building with the existing
landscaping and utilizes maximum amount of natural materials viz. Delhi Quartzite Stone,
Terracota Jali, Grit wash, Kota Stone, etc.
5) Special Initiatives were adopted by AES to reduce the noise and vibrations to a
near zero level by enclosing the entire plant room by a thick layer of acoustic insulation, placing
Resistoflex Anti vibration pads below heavy equipment foundations, insulating the cooling tower
in a canopy etc.
6) The equipment foundation mainly GG and DG foundation has floating foundation with a base of
resistoflex anti vibration pad layer and insulated from the side with 75 mm air gap.
73
CHAPTER 5
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)
Building management system is a tool that is used to monitor and control various mechanical systems
and/or electrical systems in a building.
Monitoring and control of various parameters are achieved through inputs and outputs.
There are two types of Inputs /Outputs:
Analog: The analog input/output changes continuously in a definable manner in relation to the measured
property.
Digital/Binary: The digital input/output is the one that has a value representing one state or another.
Typical values are "on/off", alarm or normal, 0 or 1, high or low
5.1 Field Devices (Sensors) For BMS
AI - Analog Input
BI / DI – Binary / Digital Input
AO – Analog Output
BO / DO – Binary / Digital Output
5.2 Field Level Controllers:
• RCU (Room control Unit)
• DDC Controllers
• MIG – Controller (Plantroom)
5.3 Supervisory Level:
• NAE Controller
• ADS Software (UI)
• Field Sensors
Fig: 55.1 Showingg the locatio
Fig 5.2 B
on of all sen
BMS system
nsors and de
m Architectu
etector in a
ure
building.
74
75
LIST OF ALL THE COMMISSIONED SYSTEMS
Building Management System (BMS)
S.
No. Equipment Manufacturer Quantity Type
Input
Power
1 RCU Johnson controls 44 Controller 24 V AC
2 Occupancy Sensor Johnson controls 36 Sensor 12 V DC
3
Duct Temperature Sensor(All
Rooms) Johnson controls 46 Sensor NA
4
Immersion Temperature Sensor
(CHW & CDSW Temp.) Johnson controls 4 Sensor NA
5
Duct Temperature & RH
Sensor (TFA) Johnson controls 3 Sensor 15 V DC
6
Outside Air Temperature &
RH Sensor Johnson controls 1 Sensor 15 V DC
7
Air Differential Pressure
Switch for Run status (TFA) Johnson controls 1 Sensor NA
8
Air Differential Pressure
Switch for Filter status (TFA) Johnson controls 1 Sensor NA
9
Tank Level Sensor
(Plantroom) Veksler 6 Sensor NA
10
Cooling Tower Tank Level
Sensor (Terrace) Veksler 2 Sensor NA
11
Oil Tank Level Sensor
(Plantroom) Veksler 1 Sensor 24 V DC
12 DDC Panel
(A) General Johnson controls 3 Controller 24 V AC
(B) Expansion Panel MX50 Johnson controls 2 Controller 24 V AC
(C )Expansion Panel MX55 Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V AC
(D) Expansion Panel MX54 Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V AC
76
S. No. Equipment Manufacturer
Quantity Type
Input Power
1 RCU Johnson controls 44 Controller
24 V AC
2 Occupancy Sensor Johnson controls 36 Sensor
12 V DC
3 Duct Temperature Sensor(All Rooms) Johnson controls 46 Sensor NA
4 Immersion Temperature Sensor (CHW & CDSW Temp.)
Johnson controls 4 Sensor NA
5 Duct Temperature & RH Sensor (TFA) Johnson controls 3 Sensor
15 V DC
6 Outside Air Temperature & RH Sensor Johnson controls 1 Sensor
15 V DC
7 Air Differential Pressure Switch for Run status (TFA)
Johnson controls 1 Sensor NA
8 Air Differential Pressure Switch for Filter status (TFA)
Johnson controls 1 Sensor NA
9 Tank Level Sensor (Plantroom) Veksler 6 Sensor NA
10 Cooling Tower Tank Level Sensor (Terrace) Veksler 2 Sensor NA
11 Oil Tank Level Sensor (Plantroom) Veksler 1 Sensor 24 V DC
12 DDC Panel
(A) General Johnson controls 3 Controller
24 V AC
(B) Expansion Panel MX50 Johnson controls 2 Controller
24 V AC
(C )Expansion Panel MX55 Johnson controls 1 Controller
24 V AC
(D) Expansion Panel MX54 Johnson controls 1 Controller
24 V AC
(E) Expansion Panel MX25 Johnson controls 1 Controller
24 V AC
13 MIG – Controller (Plantroom) Johnson 1 Controller 24 V
(E) Expansion Panel MX25 Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V AC
13 MIG – Controller (Plantroom) Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V AC
14
NAE – Supervisory Controller
(BMS Room) Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V AC
15
Chilled Water Flow Meter
Sensor (Plantroom) Johnson controls 1 Controller 25 V AC
77
controls AC
14 NAE – Supervisory Controller (BMS Room)
Johnson controls 1 Controller
24 V AC
15 Chilled Water Flow Meter Sensor (Plantroom) Johnson controls 1 Controller
25 V AC
5.4 Fire Alarm System (FAS)
S.
No. Equipment Manufacturer Quantity Type Input Power
1
Fire Alarm Panel (BMS
Room) Johnson controls 1 Controller 240 V AC
2
Fire Detector –
Multicriteria (Rooms) Johnson controls 74
Detector
Addressable 15- 32 V DC
3
Fire Detector – Photo
electric (Rooms) Johnson controls 46
Detector
Addressable 15- 32 V DC
4
Control Module (Lobby
area) Johnson controls 10 Module addressable 15- 32 V DC
5
Monitor Module (Flow
switch) Johnson controls 8 Module addressable 15- 32 V DC
6
Hooter with Horn/Strobe
(Lobby area) Johnson controls 10 Hooter 24 V DC
7
Manual Call Point (Lobby
area) Johnson controls 9 MCP Addressable 24 V DC
5.5 Public Address System (PAS) S.
No. Equipment Manufacturer Quantity Type
Input
Power
78
1 Speakers (All Rooms) Noti fire 44 Ceiling Speaker 24 V AC
2
DVC Digital Voice
Command (Fire Panel, BMS
Room) Johnson controls 1 Controller 24 V DC
3
DAA Digital Audio Amplifier
(Fire Panel, BMS Room) Johnson controls 2 Amplifier 240 V AC
79
CHAPTER 6
ELECTRICAL
Fig: Electrical Power Flow
6.1 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
6.1.1 Source of Power Supply
(a.) In AES site the source of electrical power supply is Gas Generator.
(b.) Standby Diesel Generator
Rating of Diesel Generator
Electrical output: 1010 KVA
(c.) NDMC supply 440 volts
Source of power
Supply /
Main LT Panel
HVAC Panel Electrical
Floor Panels
Plumbing Panel Lift Panel
Capacitor Panel
80
6.1.1.1 GAS GENERATOR
Fig: 6.1 TCG 2016 V 16 GAS GEN SET
Fig: 6.2 Piping Of GG
81
Fig: 6.3 Power Panel, Cabling and Bus Duct
Gas Generator
Rating of Gas Generator
Genset Data Load
100% 75% 50% Unit
Calculated Fuel Gas Flow Per Unit 179 138 96 Nm3/h
Electrical Output 774 581 385 KW
S. No. Description Particulars
Gas Engine
1 Manufacturer Deutz
2 Type Natural Gas Based
3 Capacity 774 KW
82
4 Gas pressure Input 3.0 bar
5 Lube Oil Quantity 600 ltr.
6 Coolant Type Wt Supra
Alternator
1 Manufacturer Marellimotori
2 Type 3 Phase alternator
3 KVA 1300
4 PF 0.8
5 Amp 1820 A
6 RPM 1500
7 Exciting Voltage 22 V DC
8 Exciting Current 6.5 A
9 Ambt Temp. 40.0 Cent.
Pump Detail using in Gas Generator Plant
S.No. Description Make HP KW Amp
Volts
O/L
Realy
1 Blower N/A 18.50 415
2 Pump N/A 12.50 9.30 16.80 415 15.00
3 Condenser water pump-1 Bell& Gossett 10.50 7.50 14.30 415 16.00
4 Condenser water pump-2 Bell& Gossett 10.50 7.50 14.30 415 16.00
5 Cooling Tower Fan N/A 7.30 5.50 17.00 415 11.00
6 HT Pump LOWARA 12.30 9.20 16.8-9.69 415 14.50
7 Hot Water sec. pump LOWARA 7.30 5.50 10.1-5.85 415 10.00
8 LT Pump LOWARA 4.50 3.00 11.1-6.38 415 4.50
9 D M Water KRILOSKER NA 0.75 2.10 415 2.10
10 Lube Oil Transfer ABB 0.50 0.37 1.10 415 0.90
11 Pre Lubrication Pump Robert Birkenbeul NA 0.37 2-3.3 415 2.65
83
6.1.2 ELECTRICAL INTERNAL WIRING
• First of all our priority should be given for completing layout and distribution within the
building.
• It is necessary to freeze all electrical single line diagrams.
• Then carryout the laying of cable trays, cabling, conduiting, wiring and fixing of points.
• Checking is required simultaneously to get the quality of job.
• All necessary formalities should be taken to complete well in advance with proper
documentation.
6.1.3 SEQUENCE OF WORK
• Laying cable trays (power & data) with proper support.
• Laying of cable(power & data)
• Laying copper strip
• Cables should be tie up
• Proper ferruling
• Light fixing with proper support
• Fixing of points
• Termination
6.1.4 MATERIALS USED
• Copper plate for earth grid
• Anchor fastener
• Threaded rod
• Nut bolt
• Cable tray
• Data cable
• 110v power cable
• 220v power cable
• Tie up thread
• Copper strip
• Numbering & Marking
• Distribution box
• Floor panels
84
6.1.5. MAIN LT PANEL
Fig: 6.4 Main LT Panel
3.1.2.1 Main LT panel is fed by 1600 Ampere BUS DUCT from GG. Main LT panel
feed all other panels through different size of cables according to their current
ratings which is shown in Fig
3.1.2.2 Bus duct is connected GG and Main LT panel through flexible connection.
3.1.2.3 Incoming & outgoing from panel is provided with thermal relay for overload
Short circuit and earth fault protection.(Manufactured: L&T, Areba)
3.1.2.4 Floor panel is fed by 1000 Amp. Bus duct.
85
6.1.6. EARTHING
In AES site we provide 8 earth pit and these all connected with 2 more earth pit which are in existing
building in circular connection.
Earth resistance should be at 0 to 4 ohm for providing proper protection.
4.1.7 Important Points to be remember
MCB rating should always be 1.5 times or more than actual load.
Relays should be set at 10 % access of full load current. e.g. If full load current of motor is 10 A
than relay should be fixed at 11 A.
4 core cables is used where we required neutral. As if we want to feed any panel than we should
used 4 core cable.
3 core cables used in delta start motors.
Cable size is decided by using electrical handbook. Firstly we calculate the total amp. load than
we see in electrical handbook and take sufficiently oversized cable.
Load should be equally distributed on each phase.
Earthing should be properly done.
In star/ delta connection of motor 2 runs are coming from panel.
In DOL starting motor are fed by single cable.
86
CHAPTER 7
FIRE FIGHTING In AES site Fire fighting system installed in two parts. Each part covers half of building. There are two
way to protect the building from fire.
(a.) Sprinkler system
(b.) Hydrant system
(a.) Sprinkler system
Equipments used in Sprinkler system
Mild steel pipe
Sprinkler heads
Fig: 7.1 Sprinkler heads
Flow switches
Sprinkler alarm
Valves
The sprinkler system consist of 2 nos. of riser connected to 2 nos. of sprinkler alarm valves incoming of
which is from pump room delivery line and headers are tapped off in each floor.
The header at each floor will be provided with branches for proper distribution of water. Sprinkler bulbs
are also located to see the level of water.
(b.) Hydrant system
In the case of any fire hazard, hydrant valves installed inside and /or outside the building will be
operated thereby resulting a fall in pressure in the system.
87
Equipments used in Hydrant system
Mild steel pipe
Flanges
Elbow
Fire hose reel
Fire Hydrant
Hose Pipe
Fig: 7.2 Insight arrangement of fire door
1. RRL Hose: S. No DESCRIPTION
1. MANUFACTURER Newage
2 TYPE Reinforced Rubber
3 BRUST PRESSURE 30 Kg / sqcm
88
4 WORKING PRESSURE 14 Kg / sqcm
5 Size of Coupling 63 mm x 63 mm
6 End Connection
Pair of male / Female
Instantaneous coupling
IS-903
7 Length 15 mtr
8 Inside Diameter 63 mm
2. GM HYDRANT VALVE SINGLE:
DESCRIPTION VALUES
A. GENERAL
1 Manufacturer Newage
2 Type Screw Type BSP
3 Size 80 mm NB
4 Out Let 63 mm Instantaneous coupling with pull
out spring lock type as per IS 5290 type-A
5 Blank Cap Rubber IS : 937
6 Hydrostatic Pressure Test 20 Kg/sqcm
8. Motor Full load Efficiency
9. Motor No
3. 20 MM RUBBER HOSE:
DESCRIPTION DETAIL
1. Type Wall Mounting Swingly(180 C)
2. Manufacturer Padmini
4. Specification As per IS-444 for Rubber Hoses
5. Size 20mm dia x 36.5m long
6 Working Pressure 10kg/cm2
89
4. Preesure Gauge
1. Type Head Bourden Type Pressure Vaccum
Compound Gauge
2. Manufacturer H Guru
3. Accuracy +-1% of FSD
4. Size of dia 100mm
5. Range 0-15kg/cm2
6. Connection size 3/8 inch BSP
7. Burdon Materials SS-316
8. Test Pressure 25kg/cm2
4. CONTROL VALVE
DESCRIPTION VALUES
1. Manufacturer H.D.Fire
2. Approval UL Listed
3. Size 100-80NB
4. Working Pressure 12.3kg/cm2
5. Hydro Testing Pressure 25kg/cm2
6. Rubber Clamp SS-304
7. Seat & Cover Bronze IS 318 LTB-2
8.
Trim Type
Variable Pressures Trim With
Rotard Chamber & Sprinkler
Alarm
9. Housing & Cover Cast Iron
5. G.M. Ball Valve
DESCRIPTION VALUES
1. Manufacturer Zoloto
90
2. Standard IS-778/1980
3. End Type Threded
4. Tested Pressure 25 Bar
5. Body Forged Brass
6. Flow Switch
1. Manufacturer System Sensor
2. Type Vane Type
3. Model WFD Series
4. Size 80/65 mm
5. Operating Range 0-49 ºc
6. Approvel UL / FM
7. Branch Pipe
8. Hose Reel Drum.
S.No. Description Detail
1 Manufacturer Newage
2 Type Wall Mounting swinging Type
3 Drum Mild Steel
1. Manufacturer Newage
2. Nozzle IS-318 LTB-2
3. Washer Rubber to IS-937 Type B
4. Size 30 mm
5. Nozzle Dia 20 mm
6. Hydro Static Pressure Test 21kg/cm2
91
4 Size 230 mm wide x 550 mm dia
5 Hose Size 20 mm dia x 36.5 mtr long
9. 10. 5 Kg ABC Type Fire Extinguisher.
S.No. Description Detail
1 Manufacturer Mini Max
2 Type ABC Type dry Chemical powder
3 Capacity 5 Kg
4 Operation Vertical
5 Test Pressure 30 bar
6 Charge Pressure 14 bar
7 Jet Range 4 to 5 mtrs
8 Discharge time 15 to 25 second
10. Butterfly Valve:
S.No. Description Detail
1 Manufacturer Intervalve
2 Type Central disc design butterfly valve
with a single pcs rubber boddy
3 Actuator Hand lever
4 Size 50 NB to 150 NB
5 Pressure Rating PN – 1.6
6 Hydro Static Pressure 14 Kg/sqcm
11. Sprinkler:
S.No. Description Detail
1 Manufacturer Tyco
92
2 Series TY-B
3 Model TY3251 pendent type
4 Bulb Operating Temparature 68dec C
5 End Connection 1/2” NPT
6 Color of Bulb Liquid Red
7 Frame Bronze
8 Bulb Glass
9 Deflector Copper
10 Approval UL-Listed
12. SS-304 Flexible Dropper:
S.No. Description Detail
1 Manufacturer Easy Flax
2 Standered UL-Listed
3 Model & Size EFB – 236 & 914mm
4 Connection To Branch Line (inlet) 25 mm NPT
male threaded to sprinkler head
(outlet) 15 mm NPT female threaded
5 Working Pressure 200 PSI / 1375 KPA
6 Test Pressure 1000 psi / 6875 kpa
7 Temperature Rating 300 deg F (149 deg C)
13. MS Pipe 25 NB to 150NB:
S.No. Description Detail
1 Make Jindal Hissar
2 Specification IS-1239 Heavy Class C ERW black plain ends
3 Hydro Test 16 Kg/sqcm
4 Spark Test Rapping and coating shall be tested with spark test / holiday test
93