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T h e s atellite i n a g c d a ta , m c 88 t d b y Al ) E O S n O L D E R , A D E O S/ O C T S a Jld N O A A/ A Ⅵ1 R R , w er e u 馳d t o r c b ic v e a er o s o l o pti c al

p ar a tn ct c r s ･ W e e x 8 血 e d t w o n ct h o d s 触 T 血 8 V h $ lo c ° - s ol o p tic al p a rE - tC r S 血 g th e A D B O S/ P O L L) B R d ぬ b y c p t h P a r-

i n g wi th th e v 81id 8ti o n d at 8 1 T h e 丘r s t m 血 o d is b A 8 C d o n a R - P( R en e cta n c c I P ol a ri2 血 n) alg o 血 m u si n g b ot h m d ti - dir e 血 n al

r 曲 ct a n c e a n d n tllti - dir e cti o n al p o18 ri 改ti o n i n f o rz n ati o n in 8 6 5 n n b a n d . T h e s e c o n d m eth o d i 8 b B S C d o n A R I B ( R e 加 cta n c c ･

R B 且e c ta n c e) als o dth m t椅i ns o nly 7 H d tidi r e c d o 叫Ir e n e ct a n c e itl免 - ti m i n t w o i 血 °b a n ds( 6 70 m B u d 8 65 n n) . W e fb t n d th at

t h e 血r m er d v c s b 触 r ag r e e n e d wi th th e m e a s u ed 吋 y au d atio n 血t a th arL th e l 肋 r . F w 血cr n or c ,t h 8 r e tri e v al re 印I B b y th e R ･

A alg o ri th m u si喝 th e m o n o- dir e cti o n al r c A e c ta n c e d 8t 8 0f A D E O S/ O C T S a n d N O A J V A V tL R R w er e c o TEEP a r e d wi th th o 8 C Of

Al ) B O B/ F O L D E R , b a s e d o z1 th e 且 ･ P 81g o rith n . Al th o u gh w e hBtd a r e h tiv cly g o o d a g re e m c tlt ill th e 8 e r O 8 01 o pti c al th i 血 e8 S

a m o n g th e se al g o ri 也m s ･ w 6 払t n d t h a t th e r etric v 8l r - 1t写 O f Ån g s tro tn e xp o n 切 t a r e n ot r eli ab l e irL th e c as e s o f th e A - 良als orit h m

tL Si 喝 th e r e n e c t m c e 血t 8 &l o n B .

1 . I N T R O D tJ C T I O N

T h e F O L D E R m d O C T S - o n b o a r d o f th 6 S a n e A D E O S 弧d th e y h a v e n e a rly si x i d m tic al s p e ctr al b a zlds ･ F O L D E R w a s 孤

血 喝i 喝 S e nS O r wi th n adir g D t n d r cs o h)Si ot 1 0f 7 k n , w h q c 8 S O C T S w a s a S C m 皿 喝 S C n S Or wi th th at o f O ･ 7 k m ･ T h e y b d c olle ct e d

gl ot n l d a ta se ts 払r ab o u t 8 m o T[th s 血 血g th e A D E O S'

s o p c r 8ti o n al p e ri o d (l m n c h e d in 佃 t 1 9 9 6 - e n d c d h Jt n c 1 9 ? 7) . S h c e

th e F O L D E R h ad t mi q u c c q )a bilitie s o f m c as 血 g b ot h rEI d d - dir c c 血 n al r adi m c c in 8 Ⅶ v el e n g th b n d < 443 , 4 9 0 , 5 6 5 , 6 7 0 , 7 63 ,

7 6 5, 8 6 5 , a n d 9 1 0[ n m】) a n d li n e a r p ola r 血 丘血 i n 3 b a n ds(4 4 3 , 6 7 0 , a nd 86 5[ n m】) r d e ct cd b y h e B arth

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s th r c c o p d c al p 約 tn etC r S(i c ･ , re al p 山 o f r c 血 cti v e in d e x , OP 血d th i 血 c s s , a n d Ån g s 地 m e x p o n e n t) n a yt k P O S Sib l c ･ b y t 損ねg P O L D E R

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s r e d p a rt of r e h cti v 8 i n d e x

如 m th e r e 且e c t& n c e d at a b y O C T S a n d N O A A / A V t L R R , b c c 8 tL8 e th e y c olle cts th e r a dia n c e r e 伽 ct cd b y t h e t a rg et 如 m o nly a

n o n o ･ dir c cti o n .

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T h e i n cid e n t $ Ola r 且t R V e ct o r i n S t o k e s v e c t o r r g r e s c n t a tio n i 8 g i v e n b y E q .( 1) .

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z e ni h a n gle 0 . a n d th e s o1 8r 艦 血 血 a n gl e Q ,, r c9 P e C tl V ely ･ 1 n t h e rig h t sid e 76 eqt n L s t o th e e xtri't e r r e S t riaL i m dia n c e p e r t mi t ”

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n o rz n al t o th e dir e c ti o n o f d a r r &y S , EJ W /id ] ･ T h e n , t h e tIP W C ui 喝 St o k es v e c t o r at th e t o p o f th e 8t n O 畠P h e r e ( T o Å)i n th e

d i re ctio n of(”, ◎ , Iちt , P ･, P w 卜 心 仁【l Q U V IE

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p ol a ri z a ti o n , a n d V t o th e ci r G u h r p ol8 ri 2:a ti o tl ･ h th e E a rt h'

s E (t m O B Ph cr e th e ci r c 血 p ola ri z 8ti o n c a n b c i g n o r e d 1 8 y t k;i n g th e

ad di n g m e th o d[ 1] , R h L. 丘, C a n b e e x p r e ss e d in t e - s o f t h e re fl e c ti o n m 3tri x , t h e t r a n s mi s 魯io n n a tz i x , o f th e & tz 71 0 S p h e r e a n d th e

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atrELO SP h e ri c l 野 e r wi t h a G 耶 Si a n ty p e O c e a n S u r fa ci e ( C o x･ 姐 u n k Ⅷ o d ¢L [2】) , r e fTe r t o o u r p r e vi o q 8 P a p e r [3l ･

T h e r c 且e G ta n C C A a n d d e g r e e of lin e a r P Olari2 3 ti o TI P in t h e r e且e G tC d r a diati o TL a t th e t o p o f th e at n o s p h c r e a r e g i v e n b y E q .(3) a n d

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F o r 8i m p li ci申, w e s h all c all th e d e g r e e o f 血 c a r p o l 血 血n t h e p ola ri2 E ti o n i n th is p a p c r ･

3 . S1五E D I S T R I 丑tr m O N M O D E L O F A E R O S O L

A s 血r a ぼ O S O 1 Si z e d is tri b tltio n m o d 由 , J 叫g e b ,p e p o w er 18 W m O d el w a s o n l y c o n si d e r e d a s a b a s e-li n e a n d it is g i v e n b y J3 q ･( 5) .

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w h e r e A( r) is th e n t n b c r d c n sity w h o s 叩 a rd clc 由 c i s b e t w e e n r a n d 什 血 C i s a c o n sta d w h i c h i8 d e mi n e d t o B a tis y

T n( r v r - 1 , w h q ¢㌔ヂIO2 [ - ' a ndミ 千l o .0[ m ] . T h e i n d e x A i n Ji q .(5) c a n b e W e d 8 S a m e a Stlr e O f th e si z e o f a c r o s o l血 IZIRd TL

p 8 也i cle s . A s a m c a sttr e of a 野 0 $ Ol o p ti c al th i c kn e s s , w e s h a ll t n e th e a e r os ol op ti c al t hi c k n cs s て5 0 . at 5 0 0[ n n] h this 8t d y ･ T h e

a e r o s ol o p ti c al t hi ck n c s s ち 8 t a lly W A V e l e n g th 九[7 n ] c a z) b c e x p r e s s d b y B q . (6) i nte m s o f T 5 .0 .

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w hc r c a i s Ån g st rO n 6 X P O Z ) C n t a n d it is a p p r o 3(i n a tely r el 曲 d t o J l m g e'

s i n d e x n a8 6 oll o w s : α - v ･ 2 . S i n c e A n B S t 血 e x p o n e n t

is c o n m o rLLy t w e d , w c sh al h 18 e a 8 S a m e a s u r e O f th c si z e o f a e r os ol p a rti GI E!S , h ¢r e h a 氏er , i n st e a d of n 1 1 n oth er w o rd s , w e

c o n sid er e d h er e 5 dif Fcr E n t C a S e $ O f α,n a n cly , α

± 0 . 5,1 .0 , 1 ･ 5 , 2 .0 a d 2 15 1 T h e s 血 瓜 a n d l ar g e v al q 鮎 Of a c o r r e sp o n d t o u rg e a n d

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-iO.0 , 1 .5 5

1iO .0 a d 1 .60 -i O .0 , w h c r c w c ig n or ed ab s orbi 喝 8 e r O 抑1 c 8 S e S , h ad diti o n ,

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w e u s ¢d th c o p tic al th ick n 郎 C S O f R & ylc ig h m o l e c u l e s , c o n p t[te d b y th e 6o r n tLl8 e i n H a n s c n a n d T r a vi s'

sp a p e rt I] . W e c o m p u te d

L 00 k U p T a ble s ( L U T s) o f h c sp a c e r efl e c t a n c c a n d p ola 血 ti o n f o r a g i v e n a e r o s ol m o d cl wi th 1 1 di 飴 r cr lt p 肝a n Ct e ri z ed a e m s ol

o p ti c al thi c h e s s c s o f - , . . 加 m T , a3 0 ･O to l 10 由比 a n in c r e m e n t O f A 1

5 . 0= O 11 〉f or 3 3 di h t z c 血h a n gle s o f t h c in cid e tlt

a n d vie wi n g dir e c ti o n a n d 7 2 di 免 r e n t a zi m ut h al m gl eB Of l一

旬, T h e L U T 古 w e r e c o 皿p tEt Cd a t 6 7 0 a n d 8 6 5[ n n] b y t h e ad d血g a n d

d o tlb u n & ra dia ti v e tr a ns fTc r c o d e , in cl n di n g p ola ri z ati o n , f o r 4 0 a e r o s o l m o d els ( 5 c a se 川 f a x 8 c a s e 昏 Of n ) . h th e c o m p tlt atio n , w e

a s s l 皿 e d a h o m o g e n e o ll S a t m o sp h e r e( mi x tt)r e o f a e r os ol & tld J b y l ei gh p ar ti c1 6 S) b o n d e d b y 8 n i声Ot r OP i c G a tl S Si a n t y p e o c 曙 I

s ur fTa c e wi th a wi n d s p e e d of V葺5 .0 [ m /sl

As L b r th e v ali d a ti o n o f a er o s ol o ptic al p a r - e t e r r et ri e v al ■th e si m tLlt a n e otlS S Ola r 8tt C n tn ti o n m e a s w e m c n ts w er e m ad e b y t h e

s k yr ad io 血 et e r ( P O M

-0 1 : P R E D E m a d e) wi th 4 w a v el e n g th c h a n n el s o f 4 0 0 , 5 0 0 , 8 7 O , a n d l O 4 0[ n m J at U c hi n 8 d a A 如 m l t u r a1

月Ⅹp c ri n e nt C e n t q i n J 血ik a w 8 P r efe ct u r e h J ap a n , v e ry Cl os e tO th e sttld y sit e A i n F ig .1 .

4 . M ロL T I ･ D I R 丑C T I O N A L A - P A L G O R I T ⅡM

T h e u s e of m nlti･ dir e cti o n al R - P( R e 皿e ct a n c E > P ola ri 2 血 n) di ag r a m i n a 血 gle i n b r e d b a n d w as D d gin all y p r o p o s e d b y 爪r p re Vi -

o tzs s tu dy[4l ･ W e p r e s ettt e d 8 p a r a n et ri z 6d R I P dia g a m in 8 6 5[ n m】a t 8 V i c wi n g 00 n ditio n of (S c ell e 3 5 :O o 戎9 11 4 , 0-

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8 0lr [tio n ,i ･e ･ ,( T, a .

朝 ･2 4 l , α2 ;1 ･7 7) 加 m a l o c atio n o f 丈 in th e c as e O f t 『 1 ･45 ･iO 10 . w h e re X s ぬ 丘e s b o th o bs 8 Ⅳ d r e 屯e ct a nc e a n d

p ola ri z ati o n v a h c s b y P O L D B R I T h 弼 e 畠ti n at cd v al t 潤 a g 6 e V e ry W ell wi th th e n e a sll r e d･ v ah u5B O fJ

F, . . ( Ob 8) 朝 ･2 4S , a( o b β)

= 1 16 3) b y sk y o b s e r v &ti o A n e a r th e t a rg e t A o n A p ril 26 , I 9 9 7 ･ W 申6 o t m d p r a m ct e r s oltltio ns wi th $liB h d y di 飽 r c nt v 8 b cs LTD r Ot h er

vi¢ w i n g c o n diti o n s fo r m≡ゴ l ･4 5 -iO 10 ･ A p p r op rl E t e ae r o s ol p ar a m et ers d th e t a r g et A sh o d d b e c oEEEP tlt 6 d b y t 8 出n B a n a v e r a g e

o v er m 地 -a n gl e c o n di滋o n s I S h o e w e 知t n d n o a p p 叩 d 8te p 8r a m C ter B Ol 血 o n fo r m = 1 ,3 0 -iO .0 , n ; ,- 1 .3 5 -i O .0 , at d n = 1 . 60 ･iO .0 , w c

印 n rqi e c t 也飼 e d tr e e c a B C $ O f n . T h e re e xist ed a n ap p r op d at e p 8 r C m C t 耶 0 血io 71 fo r m亡 1 ,4 0 1i O .0 , I .4 5 -i O .0 , 1 .5 0 -iO .0 a n d 1 .5 5 1iO .0 .

B e c a u s e th e s t n o f r el d v e diffe r e n c e S( tz,)b et w e e n t h e m o d el 氾d o b s e r v 血 n i n th e c a s e o f m 5 1 14 0 -iO ･O is th e m all e st 8 n Otlg

f o t u p o ssible c a s e s O f m , w e c a n ad o p t t h e c a s e o f m= l ･4 0 -i O ･0 8 8 th c b e st C 緋 ･ T h e d e f n iti o n o f S(吋is gi v c n b y E q .(9) ･ F 血11y ,

a n a pp r o p ri a te g et O f a e r o 8 OI p a r at rL 6t e r S at th c t a rg et si te A , b a s ed o n th e ab o v e a rg tr n e 叫 w a s f o Ⅶ d t o b e ( ち仙 朝 ･2 4 5 , c r-

l ･2 0 ,

m 丘 I 14 0 -iO ･0) w hi c h w a s c l os e t o th e m 醐 Ⅶ ℃d o n e s ( T50 0 [o b s]

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vi e 血 g c o n diti o n , q , b r 6 x ed 珂 , W h e re i= 1 ･ 5 a n dj

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trs , w e c o n sid e r 8 c a s 靭 Of r c al p rt o f r e b ctiv e i nd e x , n 8 m el y ･ n F1 3 0 -i O ･0 ･ 1 3 3 -iO 10 ･1 ･3 5 ･iO ･0 ･ l ･4 0 -iO ･0 ･ 1 ･4 5 -So lo , 1 15 -iO ･0 , l ･55 ～

iO .0 a nd 1 .60 -iO .0 .

”) c o m p v t 8 a n 8 V er a g C o p ti c al thi ck n e s s l w ( m j) 500 a n d An 酔 o m c g o n e = t α q v( m )) 血 色 叫 as f ol. o w s:

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w h 耶 nlis th e t ot al Tt d e r o f e xis 血g s oll 血 n s fo r 血 e d tzl ･ W c

r ej e ct th e c a s e o f l q a S a n i n ap p r o p ri at e c as e ･ if n o p o s sib l e

s o h ti o n is fot n d i n t h e P I R di a g a m .

( c) c o t n p tltC th e o r e a ぬ I r e n e ct a n c c R l( ･'

) a n d p ola ri z 血o n P (i) at e a c h pi x el fo r O i , u Si,Lg th e v al u e s o f f . ∨( m ]) 5 . O a n d

αo p( m j) ･ T h e n , c o7h P t e a S ｡ m O f r 血 d v 6 diffb r e n c 6S S( 叫) b et w e c n th c m o d el ( m

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叫) a n d ob s e r v ad o n , 8 ｡C O r di n B t O E q .( 9) .

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( a) As si p m 芦 n laS a n a P P r O P 血te r e al p a rt o f r 血 ctiv ｡ h d e x at t h e pi x el･ w h e r e rrk

S Btisf L e S E q .( l O) ･

S( m k) = M b li S( m j):j = l ん , i‡

T h r e e v a 加 古O f 叫 1 o v( m t),o o a n d α d ,( m h) a r e aP p r Op 血t e a e r o s ol op ti c a l p ar 8 n et e r g at t h e P i x cl ･

( e) R e p e at S te p s (8) t o (a) 加 all p i x el s i n a s e rie s 0f P O L D E R 8 C C 71 e S ･

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5 . M tJ L T I _ A N D M O N O - D I R R C T I O N A L R ･ R A L G O R [ T E M S

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