Aerial Photography and Flight Planning

8/9/2019 Aerial Photography and Flight Planning

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Aerial Photography and

Flight Planning

By: Chris Peters


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Objectives

Identify some basic regulations for a ightunder visual ight rules !F"#

$ist re%uired e%uipment Analy&e forecasted 'eather according to

!F" 'eather minimums Interpret aeronautical charts( including

di)erent types of airspace Identify the di)erence bet'een pilotage and

dead rec*oning Create a +nal ight plan that 'ill comply

'ith !F" regulations( including the use ofnavigation systems as bac*up


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,hat is !F"-

Flight is to ta*e place using visualreferences

.ust avoid clouds

/ormally have a distinguishable hori&on

0hould have sight of the ground belo'(or in some cases( a cloud layer belo' as

long as it 'ill not cause spatialdisorientation vertigo#

Flight plan is /O1 re%uired


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"e%uired !F" 2%uipment

31O.A1O F$A.204 acronym

Tachometer

Oil pressure gauge Manifold pressure gauge

Airspeed Indicator

Temperature gauge Oil temperature gauge


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Fuel level gauge

Landing gear position indicator

Altimeter Magnetic heading indicator

Emergency locator transmitter 2$1#

Seat belts


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!F" ,eather

!isibility must be 5 miles or greater

Ceiling must be 6(777 feet or higher

Ceiling is de+ned by bro*en orovercast cloud layer 89 or 9coverage#


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!F" ,eather

For photogrammetry purposes( cloudsin the photographs are undesirable;

Can usually tell 'here clouds 'ill form

by obtaining the temperature and de'point for the area;

1he di)erence bet'een the t'o can bemultiplied by


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!F" ,eather

For e=ample( if the temperature is >>? Cand the de' point is 6? C:

>>? C @ 6? C

= (777 F1 Clouds on this day 'ould form at >(777

feet; 1his 'ould probably not be a goodday for aerial photography as your

options 'ould be very limited; $oo* for days 'ith a high temperature @

de' point spread;


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Airspace

Class B Airspace solid blue line busy airports.iami International Airport( 1ampa InternationalAirport( Orlando International Airport#

Class C Airspace solid magenta line less busy

airports still serviced by major airlinesDac*sonville International Airport( Eaytona BeachInternational Airport#

Class E Airspace dotted blue line small airports'ith control to'ers ainesville "egional Airport#

Class 2 Airspace controlled airspace sand'ichedbet'een all of these belo' 6(777 feet Class Airspace uncontrolled airports


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Airspace


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eneral Information

.inimum altitude over sparselypopulated area:


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eneral Information

Above 6(777 feet is Class A airspace andre%uires special procedures instrumentight rules and ight plan no !F"#

Conservation areas re%uest airplanes tostay at least >(777 feet above groundlevel

Be a'are of prohibited( restricted('arning( and military operations areas( asnoted on the sectional chart


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eneral Information

.inimum airspeed in basic singleengine airplane: H7 *nots

.inimum airspeed in light t'inengine airplane: *nots

Cruise airspeed in basic single engineairplane: 6>7 *nots

Cruise airspeed in light t'in engineairplane: 6 *nots


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eneral Information

Flying at a slo'er speed 'ill allo' for abetter turning radius

Flying too slo' becomes very

inecient 'ith regards to fuel

Best speed is one 'here lift and dragare e%ual( ma*ing it most ecient

1ypically( you can plan for there to beabout four hours 'orth of fuel on board


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eneral Information

Crab: 'ind coming from the 0outh 'illre%uire an airplane ying 2ast to use acrab angle into the 'ind in order to y due2ast;

For e=ample( the crab angle may bedetermined to be 5 degrees( and theairplane 'ill need to y a heading of J5? inorder to achieve a course along J7? 2ast;

1his 'ill a)ect the camera on board theaircraft; 1he crab angle 'ill need to becompensated for in order to photographalong straight lines on the ground


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eneral Information

Aircraft modi+cations: e=tensivemodi+cations to the aircraft 'ill re%uirean FAA certi+cated Airframe K

Po'erplant mechanic to record ne''eight K balance data

0imple e%uipment brought on board for

use during ight needs to be accountedfor by the pilot 'hen he or she computes'eight K balance numbers for the ight


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Aircraft Avoidance

Because ying height should be constantfor photogrammetry purposes( this maycause a problem 'ith normal !F"altitudes related to direction of ight;

A simple 'ay to remember 'hat altitudeyou should be ying at based on yourdirection is the acronym( O/2; Odd /orth2ast; If you are ying in a general north or

east direction course bet'een /orth 7?or 5H7? and 68J?#( you should be at oddthousand feet intervals plus


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Aircraft Avoidance

1rac could potentially be travelingin the opposite direction at youraltitude if you are heading 'est 'hen

ying at 5(


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Creating the Flight Plan

/avigate to http:99''';s*yvector;com

Pic* an area you 'ill be ta*ing aerialphotos of;

0tart out from an airport 'ithin thisarea or near it i;e;( type 3M/!4( theairport identi+er code for ainesville

"egional Airport( into the 3$ocation$oo*up4 bo=

Noom all the 'ay in for greatest detail
http://www.skyvector.com/http://www.skyvector.com/


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Eetermine the ight lines you 'ill yin order to cover the entire area

1o set points and create the ightlines( right clic* a spot on the mapand select the P0 point

Eetermine crab angle based on 'indrelative to ight path and plan toadjust camera accordingly


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Because this particular ight plan'ould involve ying bac* and forththrough ainesvilles airspace( you

'ould 'ant to let the to'er *no'your intentions so the controller canhelp *eep other aircraft separated

from you Lou 'ould also 'ant to monitor the

to'er fre%uency at all times


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Pilotage: ying according to visualreferences landmar*s clearly visible on theground#

Eead "ec*oning: estimating ones location

based on ground speed and elapsed timebet'een chec*points

/avigation bac*up: since most airplanes areno' e%uipped 'ith some form of P0( if one

gets 3lost4( he or she can simply press the3/"014 button on the P0 e%uipment and+nd the nearest airport or othernavigational aid# and land the airplane;


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"eferences

Code of Federal "egulations 1itle 6!olume > Chapter I Parts H6( 86( andJ6

http:99''';s*yvector;com

,olf( Paul "; and B; Ee'itt( >777;2lements of Photogrammetry 'ithApplications in I0; .cra'@ill;
http://www.skyvector.com/http://www.skyvector.com/


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1he 2ndQ

Please +ll out a lesson evaluation

I have leim 3$earn to Fly4 boo*letshere( 'hich I thin* are a greatintroduction to ying; As leim says(3If you can drive a car( you can y anairplane;4 Please ta*e a copy or send

me an e@mail if you 'ould li*e one;

Aerial Photography and Flight Planning

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