AECT 2010 Presidential Session: Openness, Data, and the Future of Education
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Transcript of AECT 2010 Presidential Session: Openness, Data, and the Future of Education
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Openness, Data and the Future of Education
David Wiley, PhDDepartment of Instructional Psychology & Technology
Brigham Young University
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Download These Slides
http://slideshare.net/opencontent/
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Openness… In Education?
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Open, adj.
Describes educational artifacts
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Open Textbooks
Open Educational Resources
Open Courseware
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Open, adj.
Teaching materials freely shared with permissions to engage in the “4R” activities
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The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
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Communicate 4Rs Permissions
Since this overrides default copyright,you must use a copyright license
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Offers easy to use 4R’s licenses
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Open Educational Resources
Open Course Ware
Open Course Ware
Open Courses
Open Courses
Open Textbooks
Open Textbooks
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Repository Examples
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OpenCourseWare Examples
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Open Courses Examples
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Open Textbook Examples
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Organizations
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While Nouns Differ…
The operationalizing actions are the same
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Open, adj.
Sharing
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Why Be Open?
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Role of Openness in Education?
A terrible, insidious question
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Openness is the only means of doing education.
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If There Is No Sharing
There is no education
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Successful Teachers
Share most thoroughly with the most students
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What’s the Value Proposition?
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Who’s Doing the Valuing?
Students, institutions, teachers, society
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Affordability
The average college student spends $900 per year on textbooks
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Students? Affordability
The average college student spends $900 per year on textbooks
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Students? Affordability
The average college student spends $900 per year on textbooks
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Affordability
Students, institutions, society
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A Brief Pivot to Data
And then back to institutions and society
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Each and Every Interaction
Recorded and stored for analysisto improve quality of service / experience
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Continuous Improvement Process
(CIP)
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If Only We Could Get It…
Education could engage in continuous quality improvement, too!
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Even the Grocer!
Almost every industry (1) gathers and (2) uses data more effectively than we do
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Data Alone Don’t Enable CIP
You need Openness + Data
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A Concrete Example
Why you need BOTHOpenness + Data to CIP
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Bloom’s 2 Sigma Challenge
Bloom, 1984
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One-to-One Tutoring
And other methods compared to 30 students in the classroom
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Average Tutored Student +2sd
In other words, the average student is capable of much more
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Tutoring is Expensive
So we teach class instead!
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Bloom, 1984
If the research on the 2 sigma problem yields practiced methods (methods that the average teacher or school faculty can learn in a brief period of time and use with little more cost or time than conventional instruction), it would be an educational contribution of the greatest magnitude. (p. 5)
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To Tutor Or Not to Tutor?
That is the (false) question
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“Intelligent” Tutors
Have different scalability problemsDehumanize learning
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“Strategic Tutoring”
What if we could do one-on-one tutoring just-in-time and just-on-topic?
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Would Require Lots of Data
Where can we get it all?
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Would Require New Model
Institutional commitment
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What Kind of Data?
When they logged in, read, and workedHow long they logged in, read, and worked
Pathway information, Item-by-item analytics,
&c.
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OHSU Teaching Model
Online curriculum teaches as much as possible,teachers do proactive “strategic tutoring”
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Teacher Becomes Tutor
Has the curriculum replaced the teacher?
As broadcast machinery, yes.
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Are You Even Allowed to CIP?
Data aren’t sufficient – you need permission
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Open Educational Resources
Give OHSU the permissions it needs to engage in continuous improvement
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“4R” Permissions
Reuse – copy verbatimRedistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and improveRemix – combine with others
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OHSU Charter Requires OER
Founders’ way of “burning the ships”and fully committing to CIP
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Conjoint CIP
Student learning and curriculum effectivenessgrow simultaneously
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Curriculum Use
Curriculum Redesign
StudentPerformance
Data
Data Describing Curriculum
Performance
Data Supporting Strategic Tutoring
FeedbackLoop
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But Tutoring Data are Out-of-Band!
Using customer relationship management(CRM) tools
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Visualizing Educational Data
Creating new visualization techniques to support teaching and learning
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Openness + Data Are Required
For Continuous Improvement Processes
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CIP, Of Course
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(Design-based Research)
Must either use open materials,violate its own principles,
or fail to scale
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Recruiting
MIT OCW reports: 35% of incoming freshman aware of
OCW reported it influenced their attendance decision
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Alumni Outreach
MIT OCW reports: 78% of alumni are aware of OCW
42% of alumni use the site
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To Make Money
BYU IS reports 2.5% of all visitors to OCW site become paying customers
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Teachers
Transparency increases qualityIncreased interaction and perspectives
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Finally, Society
What is the value of openness in education to society?
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Finally, Society
What is the value of openness in education to society?
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Lifelong Learning Opportunities
Refresh, review, or learn something new informally and for free
Or “upgrade” for tutoring and credits
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Public As Patrons
Who funds the creation of educational materials by faculty?
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The Trucker Tale
A parable of ingenuity and despair
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CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/farleyj/2768941171/
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CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/2810314243/
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CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/chicagoeye/2710749425/
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CC BY
http://www.flickr.com/photos/striatic/2192192956/
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CC BY
http://www.flickr.com/photos/booleansplit/2634767088/
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CC BYhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/flissphil/245158736/
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Terms of Distribution
Surrender all rights to the productTruckers keep 100% of all sales
Terms are life + 70 years
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CC BY
http://www.flickr.com/photos/glutnix/47989973/
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The Moral of the Story
This is a tale about faculty and their research, and proportional effort
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• Come up with ideas for research,
• Find grant funding for the research,
• Identify and hire graduate students and other professionals,
• Conduct the research,
• Write up the results of the research in a clear and concise manner, and
• Surrender all rights to the written results of our research to a publisher.
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Completely, Utterly Unacceptable
As ridiculous as the Trucker Tale sounds, faculty have it worse
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Financial Contribution
How about the proportional financial contribution to research articles?
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Public Investment in Research
$105,385 to $119,913 per article(US NIH-funded research)
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Publisher Investment in Research
$2750 per article, including administrative and all other costs
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Does This Make Sense?
Publishers make approximately 2% of the overall investment
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“Volunteers?”
In addition to conducting and writing, you also do the reviewing and editing!
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Unbelievable Profits
Elsevier + LexusNexus = $1,500,000,000 in 2008
(Not revenue - profit)
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Buy One, Get One
Pizza in Ohio
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NIH Policy Now…
FRPAA coming soon
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A FRPAA For Educational Materials?
Who knows, but the public probably deserves it
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Conclusions
Openness and sharing are required for education
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Conclusions
Openness and sharing can be financially sustainable
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Conclusions
Openness and data enable CIP and other things we value
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An Invitation
Reconsider the stewardship you’ve been given you as an educator
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Your Inner Two-year Old
Overcoming the impulse to scream“Mine!”
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The More Open You Are
The better education will be for everyone