Advocating against the privatization of education: the Chilean experience
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Transcript of Advocating against the privatization of education: the Chilean experience
Advocating Against the privatisation of education:
The Chilean experience
Javier González D.
Affiliated Lecturer
Centre of Development Studies
University of Cambridge
1980`s Reforms
• Pinochet Dictatorship committed to Neoliberal reforms and eliminating “Marxist threat” at all costs.
• Influence of Chicago School of Economics (Friedman).
• Influence of World Bank and IMF’s policies.
1980`s Reforms: Main pillars
School Level Reforms.
• Decentralization of Governance:• School administration transfered to municipalities, but with no
capacity building.
• Deregulation of teacher labour market:• No longer civil servants
• Weakening of Unions
• Introduction of voucher system:• School funding based on attendance
• Increase of private providers
• Information• Incipient national assessment system
Results
School Level Reforms.
1. Has it worked?
2. Why free choice does not work in education?
• Asymetries of Information
• Quality Improvement: selection vs competition
• Quality Improvement: captive demand vs free mobility of students
• The importance of Money: fees and the lack of a levelled field
• Social Segregation
• Nature of education: cooperation and social right vs competition and profit
Social Movements:
• Reclaimed the State
• Promotion of Social Citizenship
Social movements 2006 and 2011: New Hope?
Education and L.A. societies: A unique moment for change
• Context:• Global Financial Crisis 2008 (Questioning of NL paradigms)• Left wing governments in LA• Positive Commodity Cycle• Civil and Student Protests in LA
• Effects so far in Chile: • Political (Nueva Mayoria and Gov. Program),• Ideological (Social Agenda at the centre), • Legal (Tax Reform, Educational Reform: Profit, Selection, Cost-
sharing).
• Nevertheless, social change and reforms are not guaranteed!!!
Shaping the future: Relevance of Int. Advocacy
Why promote international advocacy?
• Learn from other countries
• Use the Chilean experience as a case study of ‘what doesn’t work’
• Create and strengthen partnership and advocacy networks
• Make good use of mechanism available in UN Human Right Commission to increase national pressure for change and strengthen local position.
Shaping the future: Advocacy Experience from red
How can we use the UN Human Rights Commission mechanisms to promote effective advocacy?
Key Actors:
• Chilean NGOs => RED, Opcion,
• International Partners (Global Initiative, Open Society Foundation, etc).
CRC Concluding Observatio
ns
ReviewMeetin
g
Gov. Response
CRC Pre-
session
National Gov.
Report
Alternative Coalition Report
CRC Active Participati
on+
Embassy Discussion
CRC ISSUES
Press Conferenc
e => Local
Pressure
CRC Participati
on
Press Conferenc
e => Local
Pressure
Advocating Against the privatisation of education:
The Chilean experience
Javier González D.
Affiliated Lecturer
Centre of Development Studies
University of Cambridge
Enrolment is segregated
Enrolment by type of school and income quintile of students 2000
68
41
10
28
45
36
414
54
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Municipal Part subv Part pagado
V
III+IV
I+II
relevance of family budget
Simulación Urbano-Particular Subvencionado
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
Subvención Base Otras Subvenciones Aporte Municipal
Exclusivo Prioritarios Distribuido en total de alumnos Pago por Concentración
Fondo Solidario Aporte Padres (Finan. Comp.)
LACK OF LEVELED FIELD
WHY IS THIS SEGREGATION POSSIBLE: relevance of family budget
Simulación Urbano-Particular Subvencionado
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
Subvención Base Otras Subvenciones Aporte Municipal
Exclusivo Prioritarios Distribuido en total de alumnos Pago por Concentración
Fondo Solidario Aporte Padres (Finan. Comp.)
WHY IS THIS SEGREGATION POSSIBLE:Selection PRACTICES
% of parents that declare having been screened
MUN
PSUB
PPAG