Advisor for validation, verification and analyses of data ... fileNikola Golubov Advisor for...

Nikola Golubov Advisor for validation, verification and analyses of data

Ministry of environment and physical planning

AQ workshop

2 - 4 July 2013, Prizren

Zones and agglomeration in the Republic of Macedonia • Twining project “Air quality improvement”

September 2006 – May 2008

• Preliminary air quality assessment

• Establishment of zones and agglomeration in the Republic of Macedonia

• List of ambient air quality zones and agglomerations (Official Gazette of RM no.23/2009)

Zone/ agglomerations

Statistical regions

Population Area/ km2 Density

Eastern zone

Vardar

681252 13182,51 51.67 Easter

North-east South-east

Western zone Pelagonija

770413 10476,30 73.54 Polog South-west

Skopje agglomeration

Skopje 601057 1717,70 349.91

Zones and Agglomeration in Republic of Macedonia

Zones and agglomeration in Republic of Macedonia

Air quality assessment methods

Methods used for air quality assessment Air quality data (State air quality automated monitoring

system 2006 – 2010 data)

Air emission data (Data from the Cadaster of air polluters and pollutants from the CORINAIR inventory)

Dispersion modelling

Pollutants: SO2, NO2, PM10, CO и O3

Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Centar

Gazi Baba

Lisice

Miladinovci

Mrsevci

CL

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

Lazaropole

CL

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of SO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci

CL

Sulfur dioxide

Zone/ agglomeration

Assessment of the upper and lower assessment threshold

Use of assessment methods

Skopje Exceedance of UAT (Upper assessment threshold)

Fixed measurements are compulsory

East Exceedance of UAT (Lower assessment threshold)


West

Concentrations between LAT (Lower assessment thresholdка) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)

Combination of measurements, supplemented by modelling techniques and/or indicative measurements for air quality assessment

Main sources of SO2 emission

• Production of energy

• industry (oil refineries, metal industry)

Nitrogen dioxide

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

kto

nn

es

year

Total emissions of NOx for the period 2002 - 2009

Nature

Agriculture

Waste treatment and disposal

Other mobile sources and machinery

Road transport

Solvent and other product use

Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels andgeothermal energy

Production processes (stationary sources)

Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)

Non-industrial combustion plants (stationarysources)

Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)

43%

4%18%

2%

28%

5%

NOx emissions in 2009


Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)



Road transport


Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Centar

Gazi Baba

Lisice

Rektorat

Miladinovci

Mrsevci

LV

UAT

LAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

LV

UAT

LAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of NO2 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci

LV

UAT

LAT

Nitrogen dioxide

Zone/ agglomeration

Assessment of the upper and lower assessment

threshold Use of assessment methods

Skopje Hourly and annual concentrations exceede the UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


East Annual concentrations are bellow LAT, however hourly concentration exceede UAT


West

Hourly and annual concentrations are between LAT (Lower assessment threshold) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


Main sources of nitrous oxides emission

• Combustion and production industrial processes

• Traffic

Total suspended particles

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

kto

nn

es

year

Total emissions of TSP for the period 2002 - 2009

Nature

Agriculture



Road transport


Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energy





18%

5%

15%62%

0% 0%

TSP emissions in 2009







Total suspended particles

PM10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Centar

Gazi Baba

Lisice

Miladinovci

Mrsevci

Rektorat

LV

UAT

LAT

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

Lazaropole

LV

UAT

LAT

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Annual average concentration of PM10 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci

LV

UAT

LAT

PM10

Zone/ agglomeration



Skopje Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


East Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


West Daily and annual concentration exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


Main sources of PM10 emission

• traffic

• Combustion and industrial processes

• Household heating

• uncontrolled waste incineration

• wildfires

Carbon monoxide

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

kto

nn

es

year

Total emissions of CO for the period 2002 - 2009

Nature

Agriculture



Road transport


Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energy





1%

41%

2%8%0%

42%

1%0%

5%

CO emissions in 2009

Combustion in energy and transformationindustries (stationary sources)Non-industrial combustion plants(stationary sources)Combustion in manufacturing industry(stationary sources)Production processes (stationary sources)

Extraction and distribution of fossil fuelsand geothermal energyRoad transport



Nature

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Centar

Gazi Baba

Lisice

Miladinovci

Mrsevci

Rektorat

LV

UAT

LAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

Lazaropole

LV

UAT

LAT

0

5

10

15

20

25

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year of CO for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci

LV

UAT

LAT

Carbon monoxide

Zone/ agglomeration



Skopje Concentrations exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


East

Concentrations between LAT (Lower assessment threshold) and UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


West Concentrations exceede UAT (Upper assessment threshold)


Main sources of CO emission

• Traffic

• Combustion and industrial processes

Ozone

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Lisice

Miladinovci

Rektorat

Long term objective forprotection of human health

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

Lazaropole

Long term objective forprotection of humanhealth

0

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci

Long term objective forprotection of humanhealth

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Skopje agglomeration

Karpos

Lisice

Miladinovci

Rektorat

Long term objective forprotection of vegetation

Ozone

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1 2 3 4 5 6

mg/

m3

AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Western zone

Bitola-1

Bitola-2

Tetovo

Kicevo

Lazaropole


0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

mg/

m3

AOT40 (may-july) for O3 for the period 2005-2010 in Eastern zone

Kocani

Kumanovo

Veles-1

Veles-2

Kavadarci


Ozone

Zone/ agglomeration

Assessment of the exceedance of the long-term

objectives Use of assessment methods

Skopje Ozone concentrations exceede the long-term human health and vegetation protection objectives in the course of any previous five year measurements


East Fixed measurements are compulsory

West Fixed measurements are compulsory

Secondary polltants (NOx, VOC)

• Traffic

• Industry

• Gasoline evapration

• Chemical solvents

Zone/ agglomeration

SO2 NO2 PM10 CO O3

Agglomeration

Skopje 1 1 1 1 1

Zone

East 1 1 1 2 1

West 2 2 1 1 1

Assessment modes in zones and agglomerations

Mode 3

Mode 1

Mode 2

LV

UAT

LAT

Minimum monitoring station in zones and agglomerations

Zone Population SO2 NO2 NOx PM10 CO

O3

Health Eco-

system Health

Eco-system

Health Vegetation

Skopje 578 144 2 0 2 0 3 2 2 0

East 680 596 2 0 2 0 3 2 2 0

West 763 807 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 1

Total 5 1 5 1 10 7 6 1

Current number of monitoring stations in zones and agglomerations

Zone Population SO2 NO2 NOx PM10 CO

O3

Health Eco-

system Health

Eco-system

Health Vegetation

Skopje 578 144 4 0 5 0 5 5 3 0

East 680 596 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 0

West 763 807 4 1 4 1 5 4 4 1

Total 13 1 14 1 15 14 12 1

Supplementing or reorganizing the SAQAMS

Agglomeration Skopje: 3 suburban ozone measurement stations

East zone: 1 PM10 and Nitrous Oxides urban background station and 1 suburban ozone measurement station

West zone: 1 PM10 and Carbon Monoxide urban background station

Improve SAQAMS data quality

Improve quality and air emission data coverage (traffic, household heating wood burning)

Conclusions

• Continuous use of dispersion modelling

• Additional measurement campaigns for air quality assessment

– Different environments (i.e. Urban background area in the vicinity of populated areas, rural populated areas, areas influenced by traffic outside cities (in the vicinity of regional roads), rural background areas

– Towns without fixed measurement (Prilep, Ohrid, Kriva Palanka, Shtip, Kratovo, Strumica, Berovo, Delcevo)

• Prepare plans and programs for air quality improvement

Conclusions

Thank you for the attention

Advisor for validation, verification and analyses of data ... fileNikola Golubov Advisor for...

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