By Babar Ali

Of theraputic &

drug of

abuse

In routien drugs are aquired either therputicaly or as a abuse depend upon the Bio-psycho-social index of an individual to make their self satisfied by geting ride of disease or environmental stress.

But in both condition an individual must go through unwanted reaction which is called ADR’s.

ADR’s harms an individual body by effecting physiology,anotomy or bichemical nature of human to some extent.

There are two types of doses Prescribed :The doses which are prescribed by

Doctor for the specific abnormality Non prescribed :The doses which are administered

by individual without any concern prescriber (by self).It may be for theraputic desire or as source of abuse.

NOTE:In both condition drug can alter some undesirable side reaction so called adverse reaction depends upon dosage.

ADVERSE EFFECT We will discuss adverse effect of drug in two

ways Adverse effect of theraputic drugs. Adverse effect of abusing drugs.

THERAPUTIC DRUG’S AND THEIR ADR’S Estrogen or oestrogen is the

primary female sex hormone and is responsible for development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex charecteristic.

But exogenious estrogen used primarly for distresing menapause symptoms(hot flashes) and widly used to reduced osteoporosis in female .

As it’s a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ,so incase of consistant low are high dose can cause adverse effect.

ADVERSE EFFECT OF EXOGENIOUS ESTROGEN Exogenious estrogen can cause endometrial

carcinoma with persistant low dose replecment .

At high dose replacement it causes breast cancer .

Increases the chances of thrombo embolism. It also increases high dansity lipid (HDL) and

decreases low dansity (LDL) .

MANFISTATION

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AND THEIR ADVERSE REACTION The combination of estrogen and progesteron

which is used as birth controling drugs. It have less than 50 µg/day estrogen thats

why it has fewer side effect. Due to less estrogen it has less risk of breast

cancer and endometrial carcinoma as well.

ADVERSE EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES It can cause cervical carcinoma in women

infected with papilloma virus. It can cause thromboembolism due to

increase hepatic synthesis of cougulation factor.

It can cause cardiovascular disease in a women older than 35 year who smoke .

Can cause Hepatic adenoma in older women who have used OC’s for prolonged period.

MANIFESTATION

ACETAMINOPHEN AND THEIR ADVERSE EFFECT Acetaminophen (paracetamol ) is antipyratic

and analagisic drug through which an an individual get rid off temprature and pain.

It is commonly self medicated therputic drug but if doses exceed can cause adverse effect no dought which is harmfull.

ADVERSE EFFECT OF ACETA AMINOPHEN WITH HIGH DOSES Hepitic necrosis Deplation of GSH(reduced glutathione) which give a free

hit to ROS(reactive oxygen species) and disrupt the membran of verious cell .

Irritation of GIT Intestinal ulcer Include nausea Stomach pain Loss of appetite Itching Rash Headache Dark urine Clay-colored stools, or jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes).

MANIFESTATION

ASPIREN AND THEIR ADVERSE EFFECT Aspirin(actylsalycylic acid) is common non

steriodal anti inflamatory drug. Aspirin over dose may result from accidental

overdose by young children and as succide attempt in adult which causes adverse effect.

May be fatal as little dose 2 – 4 gm in child and 10 – 30 gm in adult.

ADVERSE EFFECT Headach Dizziness Tinnitus (ringing in the ear) Difficulty in hearing Mental confusion Nausea Diarrhea Drowsiness Tublointerstetial nephritis

MANIFESTATION

SOME COMMON ADR’S AND THIER AGENTS

DRUG OF ABUSING AND THEIR ADVERS EFFECT Drug abuse generally involves the use mind

altering substance beyaond theraputic or social norms.

Drug addiction and over doses are serious public health problems.

Some common drug of abusing are Cocain Heroin Marijuana

COCAIN AND THIER ADVERSE EFFECT Cocain are chemical substance extracted

from the leaves of coca plant Coccain is mostly used drug of abusing in

united states It effect an individual Bio-Psycho-Social index

by altering individual mind.

ADVERSE EFFECT Cardiovascuular effect

Tachycardia Hypertansion Vasoconstriction Myocardial ischemia

CNS effect Hyperpyrexia

Effect on fetus Abortion (Due to hypoxia)

Chronic use Perforation of nasal septum Decrease lung diffusing capcity Development of dialated cardiomyopathy

HEROIN AND THIER ADVERSE EFFECT

Herion is addictive opioid derived from the popy plant and are more harmfull than cocain

Estimated usage is also high in united state . As sold on street is diluted with an agent (often

talc or quinine).

ADVERS EFFECT OF HEROIN Pulmonary disease Infections Skin lesions Renal problems Euphoria Hallucination Sedation

MARIJUANA AND THIER SIDE EFFECT Marijuana is also drug of abusing extracted

from the leaves of cannabis sativa plant. Marijuana contain psychoactive substance

tetrahydrocannaninol (THC). Which effect CNS by different ways .

ADVERSE EFFECT OF MARIJUANA Allergies Tachycardia Bronchitis Pharyngitis Cough Anxity Panic Lung cancer Infartility

COMMON DRUG OF ABUSE AND THIER AGENT

Any question...!

Presented to: Mr.Zahid Rehman (Pathology)

Presented by: Babar AliDiscipline: Cardiac Perfusion

Thank

you…!