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Introduction:

Optical networks are the next revolution in technology because they deliver the increasedbandwidth. Optical networks are spreading outward from Internet backbones to cities to

corporations and even to the home. Cities are in a strategic position to create leading edge

optical infrastructure that will drive economic growth.

Advantages of MAN:1. It covers wider area than LAN.2. Bandwidth (potential speed) of the connecting links. i.e. resources shared on the network

can be accessed extremely quickly.

3. It allows multiple users to share the same high-speed internet connection, thereby sharingthe cost of the service and securing a better quality of service.

Disadvantages of MAN:

1. High cost of the cutting-edge technology employed.2.

Slow speed as compared to LAN.

Wide Area Network:

WAN covers a large geographical area. Distance covered by WAN can range from links between switching facilities to long haul

intercity connections.

WAN resources are owned and operated either by private organizations or bytelecommunication service providers.

WAN operates on the principle of point to point communication.

Advantages of WAN:

1. It covers large geographical area.Disadvantages of WAN:

1. Low transmission speed.2. Design is complex.3. Maintenance is difficult.4. It suffers from propagation delay.5. Cost is high.

Comparision between LAN, MAN and WAN:

Sr.

No.

Local Area Network Metropolition Area Network Wide Area Network

1 Covers small geographical

area.

Covers geographical area larger

than LAN and smaller than

Covers large

geographical area.

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WAN.

2 High transmission speed. Medium transmission speed. Low transmission

speed.

3 Lowest error rates. Moderate error rates. Highest error rates.

4 Low cost. Moderate cost. High cost.

Network topology:

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements likelinks,nodes,etc. of anetwork.

There are four common topologies used for optical networks which are as follows:1. Bus topology2. Ring topology3. Star topology4. Mesh topology

Bus topology (Daisy chain topology):

In bus topology, a set of clients are connected through shared communication line known asbus.

This topology is well-suited for temporary or small networks not requiring high speeds,resulting in faster networks.

It is cost effective and easy identification of cable faults is possible. Bus topology is the simplest way to connect multiple clients. It faces problems when two clients want to transmit simultaneously on the same bus. So,

systems which uses bus topology normally have some scheme of collision handling or

collision avoidance for communication on the bus.

Fig. shows bus topology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_linkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link