Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming.

7/25/2019 Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming.

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Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming: Good Things, Barriers and

Environmental Efects

Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming

Despite the good things about organic arming h! do most armers still operate

b! industriali"ed agriculture#

$ere e e%plore the pros and cons organic arming presents or consumers and

producers, as ell as e%amining the environmental efects o organic arming&

'ight(( An ecological organic garden here the vegetables so themselves)

*atch the video&

GOOD T$+G- ABO.T O'GA+/ FA'0+G

/O-.0E' BEEF+T-:

utrition

The nutritional value o ood is largel! a unction o its vitamin and mineral

content& +n this regard, organicall! gron ood is dramaticall! superior in mineral

content to that gron b! modern conventional methods&

Because it osters the lie o the soil organic arming reaps the bene1ts soil lie

ofers in greatl! acilitated plant access to soil nutrients&

$ealth! plants mean health! people, and such better nourished plants provide

better nourishment to people and animals ali2e&

3oison4ree


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A ma5or bene1t to consumers o organic ood is that it is ree o contamination

ith health harming chemicals such as pesticides, ungicides and herbicides&

As !ou ould e%pect o populations ed on chemicall! gron oods, there has

been a proound upard trend in the incidence o diseases associated ithe%posure to to%ic chemicals in industriali"ed societies&

Ta2e cancer or e%ample& 'epresentative data on the number o ne cancer

cases in e -outh *ales, Australia has been collected b! the e -outh *ales

/entral /ancer 'egistr!&

Ad5usted to ta2e account o our aging population, their graph 6above7 shos that

beteen 89; and ; to =?? per 8


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A health! plant gron organicall! in properl! balanced soil resists most diseases

and insect pests&

This as proven b! .- doctor and soil nutrition pioneer Dr orthern ho

conducted man! e%periments to test the h!pothesis during the 89>


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The creation o living, ertile soil conditions through earl! corrective soil re4

minerali"ation and strategic Ce!line chisel ploughing are signi1cant

establishment costs that, hoever, reap ongoing bene1ts to production at

minimal maintenance&

Drought 'esistance

Organicall! gron plants are more drought tolerant& This as dramaticall!

illustrated to me several !ears ago hen + as ortunate to attend a or2shop

ith Australian organic gardening guru 3eter Bennett& A slide he shoed us has

stuc2 in m! mind ever since: it as a 1eld o heat, organicall! gron on re4

minerali"ed soil&

Bisecting the ripening green crop as a ide !elloed strip that had alread!

1nished groing and ha!ed of& $e e%plained that the strip had been nourished

using agrichemical ertili"er earl! in the groing period&

Because chemical ertili"er is soluble, plants are orced to imbibe it ever! time

the! are thirst! or ater& The! can and do en5o! good groth as long as ater is

readil! available& As soon as ater becomes limited, hoever, the soluble

nutrient salts in the cells o chemicall! ed plants are unable to osmoticall! dra

sucient ater to maintain sae dilution& The! soon reach to%ic concentrations,

and the plant stops groing, ha!s of and dies earlier than it otherise ouldhave&

Added Halue

There is a discerning mar2et o consumers ho recogni"e the greater ood value

o organic produce and are illing to pa! premium prices or it& +n an intervie

ith me in 899?, the manager o $ein"4*atties in e Iealand e%plained ho

his compan! had been activel! supporting and recruiting armers to organic

production in order to service large and lucrative mar2ets in Japan and Europe&

O'GA+/ FA'0+G D+-ADHATAGE-

3roductivit!

3roponents o industriali"ed agriculture point to its superior productivit!& +n the

short term, this !ield is possible b! e%pending massive inputs o chemicals andmachiner!, or2ing over bland 1elds o a single crop 6monoculture7&


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$oever, over the longer time rame, productivit! advantages dindle& +n m!

!ears or2ing ith broadacre armers in the heatbelt o *A, it as common or

them to remar2 on ho much richer pastures and crops ere in their !outh&

+ndustriali"ed agriculture thrashes the land, and diminishes its soil lie to the

point here it can no longer unction to convert available organic matter into soil

ertilit!& 3roductivit! begins to ane, and attempts to bolster it ith increasing

chemical inputs 6common advice rom arm consultants7 has a similar efect to

Kogging a dead horse&

Because it relies on living soil to build ertilit!, the bene1ts o organic arming or

soil lie is undamental to its methods&

Organic arming bene1ts ood production ithout destro!ing our environmental

resources, ensuring sustainabilit! or not onl! the current but also uture

generations&

/ultivation

*hile their conventional counterparts ma! so b! direct drilling o seed into

herbicide treated soils, organic armers are usuall! at least partl! dependent on

cultivation to remove eeds prior to soing& +n contrast to cultivation, direct

drilling does not mechanicall! disrupt soil structure and removes the ris2 o

e%posed soil being lost to ind or ater erosion&

This is a valid argument here armers are or2ing marginal ualit! soils&

$oever, the structure o agrichemicall!4deadened soils is ea2ened b! the

corresponding loss o soil lie and thus unable to maintain its integrit! under

occasional cultivation& -o its a circular argument)

-tructurall! sound 6lie4rich7 soils ma! be cultivated regularl! ithout signi1cant

damage, particularl! i protected appropriatel! b! indbrea2s and Ce!line soil

conservation measures&

Even the need to cultivate ma! be uestionedL Ater noticing rice thriving ild

amongst eeds on roadsides, Japanese alternative agriculturalist 0asanobu

Fu2uo2a succeeded in establishing crops b! broadcasting seed coated in cla!

onto untilled land&


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G0 /rops

Organic groers do not use geneticall! modi1ed or engineered ood crops, some

o hich are engineered to tolerate herbicides 6e&g& M'oundup 'ead! /anolaN7 or

resist pests 6e&g& Bollorm resistant cotton7& /onventional groers, on the otherhand, are ree to Mta2e advantageN o G0 crops&

According to a report rom the Directorate4General or Agriculture o the

European /ommission, productivit! gains attributed to G0 crops are usuall!

negligible hen groing conditions, armer e%perience and soil t!pes are

actored in, and are oten in act negative& The main advantage armers using

such crops gain is convenience onl!&

There are orr!ing indications that G0 crops ma! be associated ith harm to

both human health and the environment& The main concern is that once the! are

released it is nigh impossible to Mun4releaseN them&

Tractor cultivating the soil& 3hoto: Fabio /abrera

Time

+ndeed, organic arming reuires greater interaction beteen a armer and his

crop or observation, timel! intervention and eed control or instance& +t is

inherentl! more labor intensive than chemicalmechanical agriculture so that,

naturall! a single armer can produce more crop using industrial methods than

he or she could b! solel! organic methods&

-2ill

+t reuires considerabl! more s2ill to arm organicall!& $oever, because

proessional arming o an! sort naturall! imparts a close and observantrelationship to living things, the best organic armers are converted agrichemical

armers&

Organic armers do not have some convenient chemical 1% on the shel or ever!

problem the! encounter& The! have to engage careul observation and greater

understanding in order to 2no ho to tea2 their arming s!stem to correct the

cause o the problem rather than simpl! putting a plaster over its efect&

This is a bigger issue during the conversion period rom conventional to holl!

organic hen both the learning curve and transition related problems are


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pea2ing 6it ta2es time to build a health! arm ecos!stem that copes ell ithout

s!nthetic crutches7& Organic armers + have intervieed report that their most

valuable remedies and advice come rom other organic armers&

EH+'O0ETA EFFE/T- O'GA+/ FA'0+G

/limate Friendl!

The s!nthetic inputs upon hich conventional agriculture is so dependent areenerg! e%pensive to mine and manuacture& Toda! the embodied energ! o

industrial agriculture uses up 9 calories or ever! 8 calorie o ood that it

produces)

Organic agriculture ith its lo input needs o naturall! derived substances

produces less greenhouse gas emissions and is considerabl! more climate

riendl!&

Ecologicall! Friendl!

+t doesnt use soluble ertili"ersL

Though rarel! ac2noledged, the chie source o the annual algae blooms that

plague 3erths ma5or river 6the -an7 is conventional agriculture&

Farmers pour tons o phosphate and nitrogenous ertili"er on their cropping lands

ever! !ear& Because it is soluble, much o this ertili"er is either ashed of the

soil surace and into atera!s 6especiall! phosphates7 or leaches through the

soil pro1le be!ond the reach o plants and 1nds its a! less directl! into

atera!s 6especiall! nitrates7& itrate contamination o groundater 6indicated

b! (8< mg nitrate7 in Australia is idespread in ever! state and territor!,

occurring over regional and local scales 6*''D/ 89997& +n man! areas, the

concentration is greater than the recentl! revised Australian Drin2ing *ater

Guidelines level o @< mg nitrate 6as nitrate7, resulting in groundater that is

un1t or drin2ing& +n some o the more contaminated areas, the concentration is

in e%cess o 8


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*ith resh ater reserves under increasing pressure rom climate change this is

a grave situation or humanit!&

The soluble nutrient pollutants that contaminate surace aters uel the

overgroth o algae& *hat is not used up b! algae in resh atera!s, spes outinto the ocean here it supports the groth o algae on sea plants and coral ree

s!stems& This bloc2s access to sunlight, causing hatever it smothers to die&

Eight! percent o the seagrass meados in 3erths /oc2burn -ound an

important nurser! habitat or ild 1sh stoc2s 4 have been decimated due to this

process hich is called MeutrophicationN&

+t doesnt use pesticides or herbicides

Another pollution disaster caused b! agrichemical use is the contamination o

groundater reserves ith poisonous nasties, particularl! 6in Australia7 Atra"ine

and -ima"ine, but also Dieldrin, /hlorp!riphos, Amitrol, 0etolachlor, TriKuraline

and Diuron Dieldrin, indane, and Alachlor&

*hile s!stematic monitoring o pesticide contamination o groundater in

Australia is limited, available tests have detected pesticides in at least ;


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There is also evidence to lin2 %enoestrogens to a range o human medical

concerns, particularl! reproductive problems such as reduced sperm count in

men and breast cancer in omen&

Even the MsaestN herbicides such as 'oundup 6gl!cophosphate7 the secondmost idel! used in the .-A 4 are no 2non to pose a danger to etland

ecologies, and can totall! decimate rog populations at routine contamination

levels&

O'GA+/ FA'0+G AD 3EAC O+

Agrichemical arming is e%tremel! energ! reliant, particularl! in the e%traction,

manuacture and processing o the s!nthetic chemicals upon hich it is so

dependent&

+n a orld o diminishing oil supplies the da!s o chemical agriculture are

numbered)

One has onl! to stud! the e%perience o /uba to 2no this is so& +n the earl!

899


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Growing your own food can be good exercise and

could save you money. It can also give you a healthy amount of fresh,

seasonable fruit and vegetables. It's easy to get started and there are

lots of places you can grow plants, even if you don't have a garden.

Why grow your own?

0ore people are getting interested in groing their on ruit and vegetables, or

man! diferent reasons:

it could save !ou mone! on e%pensive items li2e salad leaves

gardening is a cheap orm o e%ercise and a great a! to burn calories andget some resh air

it helps children understand here ood comes rom, and could encourage

more interest in eating resh ruit and vegetables

groing !our on can help !ou get !our 1ve4a4da! portions o ruit and

vegetables

!ouPll become more aare o hatPs in season, so !ou ma! 1nd it easier to

choose seasonal ood hen !ou go shopping 6seasonal ood is li2el! to

need less energ! to produce7

gardening can be a sociable activit! hich involves !ou in !our local

communit!

it can help to reduce stress and can give !ou a sense o achievement

Five4a4da! $- /hoices ebsite

oveFood$ate*aste+ ebsite

Growing plants at home

Qou ma! onl! have a small balcon!, or a space on the indosill, but it neednPt

stop !ou ta2ing !our 1rst steps at gardening& Qou can gro herbs indoors orsalad leaves outside in a pot&

+ !ou have a garden but no space or a dedicated ood plot, !ou can tr! planting

ruit or vegetables amongst !our Koers&

Qou could as2 a neighbour ith a large garden i !ou could cultivate a patch o

ground, and ma!be ofer some o !our produce in return&

Community garden schemes

/ommunit! garden schemes are available in man! areas o the countr!& Groups

o people have 5oined together to reclaim land to gro ood and plants as a

neighbourhood communit! pro5ect&
http://www.nhs.uk/LiveWell/5ADAY/Pages/5ADAYhome.aspxhttp://ni.lovefoodhatewaste.com/http://ni.lovefoodhatewaste.com/http://www.nhs.uk/LiveWell/5ADAY/Pages/5ADAYhome.aspx


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The pro5ects give a space or people to en5o! and learn about gardening, share

tools, seeds and produce, and meet other people&

oo2 on the Federation o /it! Farms and /ommunit! Gardens ebsite or a list

o communit! gardens and arms in orthern +reland

BB/ Gardening 4 communit! gardening pro5ects in orthern +reland

Federation o /it! Farms and /ommunit! Gardens 4 orthern +reland

Bene1ts O A Bac2!ard -uburban Garden

+mage b! oodle!onderor2s

B! Debbie -lac2

+n this orld o increasing living costs, a bac2!ard suburban garden can provide a

amil! ith resh, delicious, health! vegetables, ruits and herbs& 0an! ruits and

vegetables are perennials and ith little care or maintenance can bring !our

amil! !ears o eating pleasure& Gardening can give !ou the satisaction ohaving gron !our on produce or a raction o the cost o bu!ing it in the
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grocer! store& +n addition, gardening is not dicult nor does it have to ta2e a lot

o time and efort& ets ta2e a loo2 at ho to create a bac2!ard suburban

garden&

-uburban Garden 3lanning

There are as man! a!s to garden as there are people ho or2 the soil& First,thin2 about ho much time !ou have and ho much euipment !ou ill need& +

preer to use the raised bed4no till methodo gardening& 0! euipment list

includes a shovel, spade and a good pair o gloves&

The entire garden should be planned in detail beore an!thing is planted& There

are thousands o sites on the internet that ill give !ou ree plans or !our

gardensR these plans include Koer, herb, ater or vegetable gardening&

3lanning out !our garden ill save !ou hours o rustration later, hen ith poor

planning thesuashta2es over the lan or the mintthreatens to spread to the

ne%t count!& Decide in advance hat vegetables or Koers !ou ould li2e to

gro& Do !ou ant to bu! plants or gro them rom seeds# -tart small as !oucan ala!s e%pand the garden ne%t !ear& *hat vegetables do !ou li2e# o point

in groing"ucchinii !ou cant stand the stuf&

Advertisement

$o to /reate a Bac2!ard -uburban Garden

Once !our suburban garden planning is complete, its time to get !our garden

read! or planting& Amend and enrich !our soil b! adding leaves or

composted manure& + !ou are planting in compacted cla! soil, add a good bit o

sand to lighten the cla!&

3lace !our garden spot here it ill receive at least 1ve hours o sunlight a da!&+ !ou ant a lo maintenance gardening techniue, raised bedsill 1ll the bill&

Be sure to position !our garden ar enough aa! rom trees so the! dont

compete ith the crops or ater& + !ou have onl! a small site available or a

garden, e suggest !ou gro crops that ill !ield the heaviest crop over the

longest period o time&

Hegetables suitable or a small suburban garden include:

Benefits of Organic Farming for Small Farmers
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Organic Cultivation

-hare

3interest

Teet

The various benefits of organic farming for small farmers all over the world include a

high premium, low capital investment, the ability to achieve higher premiums in the

market, and the ability to use traditional knowledge. ccording to research conductedby the Office of !valuation and Studies "O!#, at the $nternational Fund for griculture

%evelopment"$F%#, small farmers in &atin merica, China, and $ndia can benefit

dramatically from organic farming and will help in alleviating poverty in these

countries.

Organic farming refers to means of farming that does not involve the use of

chemicals such as chemical fertili'ers and chemical pesticides. (umerous small

farmers practice organic farming) however, since they are unaware of the market

opportunities, they are not able to reap the benefits of organic farming.

&isted below are some of the advantages of organic farming for small farmers*

High Premium:Organic food is normally priced +-/ higher than conventional

food. This premium is very important for a small farmer whose income might only be

sufficient to feed his0her family with one meal.

Low Investment:Organic farming normally does not involve capital investment as

high as that re1uired in chemical farming. Furthermore, since organic fertili'ers and

pesticides can be produced locally, the yearly costs incurred by the farmer are also

low. griculture greatly depends on e2ternal factors such as climate, pests, and

disease. Furthermore, most of the small farmers are dependent on natural rain for

water. Therefore, in cases of natural calamity, pest or disease attack, or irregular

rainfall, when there is a crop failure, small farmers practicing organic farming have to

suffer less as their investments are low. $t should be noted that while shifting from

chemical farming to organic farming, the transition might be costly.
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Less Dependence on Money Lenders:3any small farmers worldwide commit

suicide or suffer from intense economic strife due to increasing debt. Since chemical

inputs, which are very costly, are not re1uired in organic farming, small farmers are

not as dependent on money lenders. Crop failure, therefore, does not lead an

organic farmer into enormous debt, and does not force him to take any e2treme

steps.

Synergy with Life Forms:Organic farming involves synergy with various plant and

animal life forms. Small farmers are able to understand this synergy easily and

therefore find it easy to implement the organic farming techni1ues.

Traditional nowledge:Small farmers have an abundance of traditional knowledge

with them and within their community. 3ost of this traditional knowledge cannot beused for chemical farming. 4owever, when it comes to organic farming, farmers can

make use of this traditional knowledge. Furthermore, in cases of organic farming,

small farmers are not dependent on those who provide chemical know-how.


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&imitations of Organic Farming for Small Farmers

Small farmers can benefit drastically by practicing organic farming as it helps themget a high premium for their produce and reduces the capital investment involved in

farming. Organic agriculture for small farmers, however, has its own limitations.

These limitations were studied by the Office of !valuation and Studies

"O!#, $nternational Fund for griculture %evelopment"$F%#. They include the

following*

Organic farming is labor intensive. 4ence, it is beneficial for a small farmer who has

abundant labor in his0her family. small farmer who does not have sufficient labor at
http://www.ifad.org/http://www.ifad.org/


16/21

home may find it difficult to hire e2ternal labor. Therefore, organic farming may not be

feasible for him0her.

Organic farming may also turn out to be e2pensive given the situation when a small

farmer has to carry out the transition, modify the soil structure drastically, or get a

certification.

lthough a farmer can use a good deal of traditional knowledge in organic farming,

since the practice is not as common as chemical farming, it is difficult for good

scientific organic farming practices to propagate to the small farmers.

Certification is also an important aspect of organic farming. $n many cases, providing

education related to necessary certifications and the guidelines that need to be

followed for obtaining the certifications may be difficult. The cost of obtaining a

certification is also high and out of the reach of a small farmer. 4ence a small farmer

can get into certification-based organic farming only when there is a large group of

5-+ farmers and the government funds the certification process.

Since organic produce is not traded in many markets, marketing the organic produce

may be difficult for a small farmer.

Small farmers can successfully practice organic farming with proper guidance frompublic and non-governmental organi'ations. 4owever, the comple2ities of problems

that these organi'ations may have to deal with and the costs involved in running

these organi'ations may make the entire activity non-viable.

$n organic farming, soil fertility needs to be replenished with the regular application of

organic fertili'ers. $f the organic fertili'ers are not produced locally, it might be difficult

for the small farmer, who would purchase the fertili'ers in small 1uantities to obtain

them from elsewhere. Furthermore, due to low economies of scale, there might be a

huge transportation cost associated with the organic fertili'ers obtained from long

distances.

$t has also been observed that organic food prices are not stable and continue

fluctuating from time to time. $n such a scenario, a low price might drastically affect a

small farmer.

Since the volume of organic food production is low "about 6-+/ of total food

production#, it is very difficult to implement social security measures, such as a

minimum support price.


17/21

$ealth! bene1ts o groing !our on vegetable garden

!"# $C%!&I

G'EEE' G'O.D

Editors note: Nate Scramlin of Mayeld

Township is a 2000 graduate of Lapeer East igh School and has !een a planner

with the "enesee #ounty Metropolitan $lanning #ommission since 200%& e

earned a !achelors degree in ur!an and regional planning from Michigan State

'ni(ersity&

As m! idol, Joe Dirt, once said Mies a garden S dig it&N *hile + love his intended

message, + thin2 e should all ta2e him literall! or a second and consider the

real lie bene1ts o groing !our on vegetable garden&

Where's the story?> 3oints 0entioned

First and oremost, groing !our on resh produce is undeniabl! green&

+ndustrial ood production S ho the ma5orit! o produce ound at our local

grocer! stores is gron S uses ossil uels ever! step o the a!& Transporting,

processing, and pac2aging are all ossil uelladen unctions o industrial oodproduction that can be eliminated b! groing veggies in !our on bac2!ard&

For those o !ou ho lac2 the room, time, or ambition to gro !our on, grab

!our reusable shopping bag and head on don to the armers mar2et in

donton apeer on *ednesda! or -aturda! mornings& Qou can still eel

con1dent !ou are struttin the green line b! purchasing locall! gron oods as

the transportation, processing, and pac2aging o these products are 2ept to a

bare minimum, or simpl! 5ust not needed&

El numero dos& Groing !our on vegetables is a! cheaper than bu!ing them

at the grocer! store& Ta2e me or instance& + 5ust bought to 5alapeno pepper

plants at 'and! Teresas or around U@& o, + love 5alapenos& The plants +bought ill !ield roughl! V< peppers and other than tap ater ever! e da!s, +ll


18/21

onl! invest the original U@& + + ere to purchase those V< peppers at the

supermar2et, it ould cost me upards o U>


19/21

GA'DE DE-+G( GA'DE 3$OTO- ( O+E GA'DE 3AE'-

Qou can gro !our on ood) /ultivating a small vegetable garden is not dicult

i !ou plan !our garden la!out careull! and a e important actors are 2ept inmind& The primar! needs or successul vegetable garden planning on a small

scale are the same as those or gardening on a large scale& +n designing a small

garden la!out greater emphasis must be placed on intensive cultivation and

arranged plant rotations so ever! available space ill produce the ma%imum

!ield&

The essentials o all gardening include soil o suitable te%ture containing

available plant ood, ater to dissolve the plant ood so that the plant rootlets

ma! ma2e use o it, seeds or plants hich ill produce the desired crops,sunshine and armth to bring about germination and plant development, and
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cultivation& 3lanning a garden rom scratch successull! also depends upon the

gardener and the care he bestos on his pro5ect&

Hegetable Garden 3lanner

+n planting a vegetable garden, there are several a!s to

use !our computer or i3ad to plan, space and rotate

crops& The great advantage o a vegetable garden

planning tool is that !ou can uic2l! create a color plan

ith >4D vies and !ou have the abilit! to ma2e changes

in a snap& ot ever!one has the horticultural e%pertise to

choose plants and arrange them or best results, but

ith a vegetable garden plannersuch as Better $omes

Gardens 3lan4a4Garden !ou can tr! out this option&

/hoosing suitable ree trial vegetable gardening sotare

ill also help !ou create the best possible plan or !ourvegetable plot, alloing !ou to save both time and

mone!&

Design Hegetable Garden Tools

Hegetable Garden -otare 'evie Top -mall Gardens 3lanners

Hegetable Gardening App 'evie Hegetable Garden 3lanner 'evies

One o the eatures !ou should consider hen searching or vegetable garden

sotareis a Mhen4to4plantN guide& Garden sotare can also 2eep trac2 o !our

vegetable garden plans !ear ater !ear, hich is especiall! helpul hen rotating

crops& The GroHeg&com Garden 3lanner shos ho much space plants reuire

and ho to group them or ma%imum success, removing the need to loo2 up

planting distances and crop amilies&

The 1rst step in small vegetable garden planning is to select a ell4drained plot

o good soil& ocation and e%posure cannot ala!s receive much consideration ingardening small plots since there is ordinaril! little room or choice& -uch spaces
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are usuall! located inbac2!ardsor the choice o location is restricted in other

a!s b! the necessit! that the garden be accessible to the house, garage or

shed& Ta2e into account hen planning a vegetable garden la!out that rost is

less li2el! to in5ure vegetables planted on high ground than those planted in lo

places or valle!s here the heavier cold air commonl! settlesR and that crops ill

mature more rapidl! on land that has a sunn! southern e%posure than on otherplots& 0oreover, the garden designshould be airl! level, but ell drainedR and

that a arm, sand! loam ill produce an earlier crop than a heavier soil that

retains more ater and less heat& 3lant !our home garden in an artistic manner,

but 2eep it in such shape as to ma2e cultivation eas!&

3lanting a Hegetable Garden

0a2e the soil deep, mello and rich beore the seeds are son& Time and labor

ill be saved& -pade or plo the ground deepl!, at least ? or 8< inches& This

loosens the subsoil so that it ill hold moisture and the tin! plant roots canpenetrate it& *or2 a good ertili"er into the soil as !ou prepare the seed beds& +

!ou do not ish to ertili"e all the ground in the plot, air success can be had and

ertili"er saved b! or2ing it into the soil onl! under the seed ros at the time o

soing, or under seedlings hen transplanting them& 'a2e the surace reuentl!

to 2eep don eeds and to prevent the soil rom ba2ing& 'adish seeds son ith

celer! or other slo4germinating seeds ill come up uic2l!, brea2ing the crust

and mar2ing the ros& Along one side o the area ros o bush ruits ma! be

planted& About the borders o the vegetable garden is a good place or Koers to

be gron or the decoration o the house or to give to

riends&

3lan, -pace and 'otate /rops

*hen planting vegetable garden seeds, ollo the

instructions aithull! as to the depth the! are to be

covered, and 1rm the soil on them ith the Kat side o

the hoe& -ome seeds can be spaced in the trench the

distance the! are to gro, hile others must be son at

least tice as thic2 as the! are to gro and must be

thinned ater the seedlings are W inch or so in height&

'emember, hoever, that due to climatic and soilconditions, some localities are unsuited or groing

certain t!pes o vegetables& +nuire rom those ho have

gron gardens in !our neighborhood as to the 2inds o

vegetables to plant& +n general, !ou can ollo the

instructions on the seed pac2ets regarding planting time and culture& *hen the

instructions state that the seeds can be son as soon as the ground can be

or2ed in the spring, do 5ust that& Hegetables o this t!pe ill not be afected b!

light rosts and must be planted earl! because the! either reuire a long time to

reach maturit!, or gro best during cool eather, ma2ing it necessar! that the!

have time to reach maturit! beore hot, dr! eather starts&
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Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming.

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Transcript of Advantages and Disadvantages Organic Farming.