Advantages and Disadvantages of Windbreaks...Processing – Early oranges-Valencias 30 ft windbreaks...
Transcript of Advantages and Disadvantages of Windbreaks...Processing – Early oranges-Valencias 30 ft windbreaks...
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Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of Disadvantages of
WindbreaksWindbreaks
L.W. TimmerL.W. TimmerExtension Plant Pathologist, CREC, Extension Plant Pathologist, CREC, IFAS, University of FloridaIFAS, University of Florida
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AdvantagesAdvantages
Canker reduction Canker reduction
Wind scar reductionWind scar reduction
Wildlife habitatWildlife habitat
Reduce wind/soil erosionReduce wind/soil erosion
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DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Loss of spaceLoss of spaceShading effectsShading effectsCompetition for water and nutrientsCompetition for water and nutrientsEstablishment costsEstablishment costsMaintenance costs Maintenance costs Complicates equipment movementComplicates equipment movementEffects on microclimate, pest Effects on microclimate, pest populations, etcpopulations, etc
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Purpose of windbreaks for Purpose of windbreaks for canker controlcanker control
Reduce spread of cankerReduce spread of canker
Most importantly, reduce canker severityMost importantly, reduce canker severity
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Photo Courtesy of J.H. Graham, CREC, Lake Alfred
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Important Characteristics of WindbreaksImportant Characteristics of Windbreaks
Reduce wind speed to less than 20 mph Reduce wind speed to less than 20 mph (or 8 (or 8 m/sm/s))Avoid high density, no need to stop the Avoid high density, no need to stop the wind, just slow it downwind, just slow it downAvoid very tall windbreaks, shade Avoid very tall windbreaks, shade excessively, susceptible to breakageexcessively, susceptible to breakageWindbreak distance effectsWindbreak distance effects
10X the height of windbreaks downwind, some 10X the height of windbreaks downwind, some upwind effect as wellupwind effect as well
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Effect of wind exposure on canker infection Effect of wind exposure on canker infection in Argentina in Argentina -- GrapefruitGrapefruit
LesionsLesionsTree Sector Leaves FruitTree Sector Leaves Fruit
SWSW 8.2 a 82 a8.2 a 82 a
NW NW 2.5 b 43 b2.5 b 43 b
SESE 2.9 b 15 c2.9 b 15 c
NENE 1.1 b 6 c1.1 b 6 c
Predominant winds from SWPredominant winds from SW
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Internal windbreak effects with Marsh Internal windbreak effects with Marsh GrapefruitGrapefruit
LesionsLesionsRow Exposure Leaves FruitRow Exposure Leaves Fruit
AA Exposed 4.3 Exposed 4.3 abab 32 b 32 b BB Protected 2.7 Protected 2.7 bcbc 9 b9 bCC Protected 1.1 c 19 b Protected 1.1 c 19 b D D Protected 5.2 a 23 bProtected 5.2 a 23 bE E Prevailing Winds 5.0 a 91 aPrevailing Winds 5.0 a 91 a
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Windbreaks (Grevillea robusta) are essential to reduce the effect of windblown rain on infectionWindbreaks (Windbreaks (GrevilleaGrevillea robustarobusta) are essential to ) are essential to reduce the effect of windblown rain on infectionreduce the effect of windblown rain on infection
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Casuarina windbreak for grapefruit in Salta, Argentina (NW) reduces canker
incidence to a trace
Casuarina windbreak for grapefruit in Casuarina windbreak for grapefruit in Salta, Argentina (NW) reduces canker Salta, Argentina (NW) reduces canker
incidence to a traceincidence to a trace
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Trees/ShrubsTrees/Shrubs
Southern Red Cedar Southern Red Cedar Pines (multi row, stratified) Pines (multi row, stratified) EucalyptusEucalyptusNonNon--spreading Bamboospreading BambooWax myrtleWax myrtleViburnumViburnum
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ExposureExposure:: Old nursery was located next to Old nursery was located next to
citrus. Windbreak placed on side next to the grovecitrus. Windbreak placed on side next to the grove
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Need for windbreaks, size of area Need for windbreaks, size of area surroundedsurrounded
Fresh citrus, grapefruit, early orangesFresh citrus, grapefruit, early orangesWindbreaks around each 5 Windbreaks around each 5 –– 10 acres, 10 acres, preferably all sidespreferably all sides
Processing Processing –– Early orangesEarly oranges--ValenciasValencias30 ft windbreaks each 300 ft effect30 ft windbreaks each 300 ft effectDown the row onlyDown the row only
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300 feet
300 feet
660 feet 660 feet
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Citrus WindbreaksCitrus WindbreaksDouble rows of citrus on outside rows Double rows of citrus on outside rows
every 300ftevery 300ft
3 0 0 f e e t
3 0 0 f e e t
6 6 0 f e e t 6 6 0 f e e t
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RecommendationsRecommendations
plant windbreaks now for fresh market plant windbreaks now for fresh market grapefruit and early orangesgrapefruit and early orangesplant windbreaks in available space plant windbreaks in available space along fence rows, ditches, wetlands for along fence rows, ditches, wetlands for processed fruitprocessed fruituse available species such as pines for use available species such as pines for the moment until availability is greater for the moment until availability is greater for other speciesother species