Advances in Phytoplankton Pigment Mapping in Spanish ... · Advances in Phytoplankton Pigment...
Transcript of Advances in Phytoplankton Pigment Mapping in Spanish ... · Advances in Phytoplankton Pigment...
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 11111111
AdvancesAdvances in in PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton PigmentPigment
MappingMapping in in SpanishSpanish ReservoirsReservoirs
PePeññaa--MartMartííneznez, Ram, Ramóónn, , RuizRuiz--VerdVerdúú, Antonio, Antonio, ,
DomDomííngueznguez--GGóómezmez, Jos, Joséé AntonioAntonio
Centro de Estudios HidrogrCentro de Estudios Hidrográáficos del CEDEX. SPAINficos del CEDEX. SPAIN
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 22222222
Summary and results
ESA Project AO-594
“Development of an Operational System for direct Thematic
Mapping of Photosynthetic Pigments in Lakes using MERIS.
Application to the Spanish reservoirs”.
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 33333333
INITIAL OBJECTIVES
• Developing models for the retrieval of photosynthetic
pigment concentrations in Spanish reservoirs using MERIS
• Thematic mapping for water quality monitoring
� Eutrophication assessment
� Harmful algal bloom detection
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 44444444
WHY REMOTE SENSING?
•More than 1,300 reservoirs in Spain
• Scarcely studied
• Previous experience with Landsat and airborne sensors
E. de Guadalhorce
E. de Guadalteba
E. de Conde de Guadalhorce
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 55555555
WHY MERIS?
• Adecquate bands for phytoplankton mapping
• Good spatial coverage and temporal resolution
• Spatial resolution good enough for the 120 biggest
reservoirs
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 66666666
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 77777777
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
1. LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS:
• Small group. No background in optical measurements
• Difficulties for obtaining reliable measurements of IOP’s
• No previous database of AOP’s and pigment data (big
effort in sampling campaigns)
• Spanish Reservoir characteristics
� wide range of chlorophyll-a concentrations (0–700 mg m-3)
� Low CDOM (rapid turnover and mineralisaton)
� Variable SM concentrations (normally low in big reservoirs)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 88888888
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 99999999
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
2. ACHIEVEMENTS:
• Empirical model for chlorophyll-a
� Based on the ratio of MERIS bands 9 and 7
� Acceptable accuracy for eutrophication monitoring
• Empirical model for phycocyanin (cyanobacterial marker)
� Based on the ratio of MERIS bands 9 and 6
� Acceptable accuracy for bloom monitoring
• Ongoing validation of semi-analytical model for
phycocyanin (Simis et alli, L&O 2005)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1010101010101010
Development of an empirical model for chl-a
y = 21,137x2 + 10,445x - 9,6838
R2 = 0,9158
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
MERIS 9 / MERIS 7
chl-
a (m
g m
-3)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1111111111111111
Development of an empirical model for chl-a
y = 21,137x2 + 10,445x - 9,6838
R2 = 0,9158
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
MERIS 9 / MERIS 7
chl-
a (m
g m
-3)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1212121212121212
validation with field data
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
chl-a predicted
ch
l-a
me
as
ure
dRMSE = 22.24
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1313131313131313
validation with field data
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
chl-a predicted
ch
l-a
me
as
ure
dRMSE = 13.36
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1414141414141414
Development of an empirical model for phycocyanin
y = 200,63x - 131,86
R2 = 0,842
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
MERIS 9 / MERIS 6
PC
(m
g m
-3)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1515151515151515
validation with field data
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 100 200 300 400
PC predicted
PC
me
as
ure
dRMSE = 35.72
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1616161616161616
VALIDATION OF MODELS IN MERIS IMAGERY
1. LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS:
• Lack of a reliable atmospheric correction
� Current approach based on ATCOR (not fully
satisfactory)
•Water masking
� Based on the ratio of MERIS bands 14 and 5
� Very good results
• Adjacency effects (minimised after water masking)
• Difficulties for getting match-ups
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1717171717171717
VALIDATION OF MODELS IN MERIS IMAGERY
2. ACHIEVEMENTS:
• Up to 50 images processed (2003-2005)
• Pending validation, but already useful:
� In the developing of a web-based monitoring system
� For detecting temporal trends (e.g. Evaluation of the
effects of the current drought in water quality)
• Validation with CHRIS/Proba in Rosarito reservoir
� Up to 12 images in 2004
� Good model performance (results presented this year in
CHRIS/Proba workshop)
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1818181818181818
Examples of thematic maps
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 1919191919191919
Enlarged area
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2020202020202020
ValdecaValdecaññasas reservoirreservoir. 18. 18--0606--20032003
Mapa de Concentración de Clorofila-a
Mapa de Concentración de Ficocianina
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 >255 mg·m-3
20
ChlorophyllChlorophyll--a a concentrationconcentration mapmap
PhycocyaninPhycocyanin concentrationconcentration mapmap
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2121212121212121
SantillanaSantillana reservoirreservoir. 09. 09--0404--20042004
21
ChlorophyllChlorophyll--a a concentrationconcentration mapmap
PhycocyaninPhycocyanin concentrationconcentration mapmap
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 >255 mg·m-3
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2222222222222222
NavalcNavalcáánn reservoirreservoir. 30. 30-- 0101--20052005
Mapa de Concentración de Clorofila-a
Mapa de Concentración de Ficocianina
ChlorophyllChlorophyll--a a concentrationconcentration mapmap
PhycocyaninPhycocyanin concentrationconcentration mapmap
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 >255 mg·m-3
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2323232323232323
Water quality monitoring reports
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2424242424242424LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg 1414141414141414167167167167167167167167
EMBALSE DE ALMENDRA 24.08.04
Datos del embalse-Volumen de agua embalsada:
- 2404 hm3 (93,0%)
X0,7910,842,118.06.04
X0,7722,761,810.07.04
X0,8114,323,824.08.04
Todas
Tran
sparen
cia
Ficocian
ina
Clorofila a
Variable
Fecha
MAPAS TEMÁTICOS OBTENIDOS MEDIANTE
TELEDETECCIÓN ESPACIAL
Otros datos del embalseOtros datos limnológicosOtros vínculos
Sensor: Sensor: MERISMERIS
OPERATIONAL SYSTEM TO PRODUCE AND TRANSFER THEMATIC OPERATIONAL SYSTEM TO PRODUCE AND TRANSFER THEMATIC MAPS FROM MERIS IMAGERY TO WATER MANAGEMENT AND MAPS FROM MERIS IMAGERY TO WATER MANAGEMENT AND
PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC INFORMATION
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg Blg 1414141414141414167167167167167167167167
EMBALSE DE ALMENDRA 24.08.04
Concentración de ficocianina:- Media: 14,3- Máxima: 55,3- Mínima: 11,2
Datos del embalse-Volumen de agua embalsada:
- 2404 hm3 (93,0%)
GRÁFICO DE EVOLUCIÓN
0
5
10
15
20
25
18.06.04 10.07.04 24.08.04
FECHA
[FIC
OC
IAN
INA
]
X0,7910,842,118.06.04
X0,7722,761,810.07.04
X0,8114,323,824.08.04
Todas
Tran
sparen
cia
Ficocian
ina
Clorofila a
Variable
Fecha
MAPAS TEMÁTICOS OBTENIDOS MEDIANTE
TELEDETECCIÓN ESPACIAL
Otros datos del embalseOtros datos limnológicosOtros vínculos
Sensor: Sensor: MERISMERIS
G RÁF IC O DE E V O L UC IÓ N
0
5
10
15
20
25
18.06.04 10.07.04 24.08.04
FECHA
[FIC
OC
IAN
INA
]
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2525252525252525
Monitoring of drought effects on eutrophication
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2626262626262626
Alcántara 1 y 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1-6-2003
1-8-2003
1-10-2003
1-12-2003
1-2-2004
1-4-2004
1-6-2004
1-8-2004
1-10-2004
1-12-2004
1-2-2005
1-4-2005
1-6-2005
1-8-2005
Vol (% Volumen Máxim
o)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Vol Cla]
Clorofila a (mg/m
3)
Alcántara
45,57
91,93
63,9166,69
69,4672,37
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
29
-01
-03
28
-06
-03
25
-11
-03
23
-04
-04
20
-09
-04
17
-02
-05
17
-07
-05
14
-12
-05
2003 2004 2005
% V M.E.
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
I.E.T. Carlson%V m IET
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2727272727272727
Sau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1-6-2003
1-8-2003
1-10-2003
1-12-2003
1-2-2004
1-4-2004
1-6-2004
1-8-2004
1-10-2004
1-12-2004
1-2-2005
1-4-2005
1-6-2005
1-8-2005
Vol (% Volumen Máximo)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Vol [Cla]
Clorofila a (mg/m
3)
Sau
54,29
63,20
80,42
53,19 54,0057,17
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
29-
01
-03
28-
06
-03
25-
11
-03
23-
04
-04
20-
09
-04
17-
02
-05
17-
07
-05
14-
12
-05
2003 2004 2005
% V M.E.
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
I.E.T. Carlson%V m IET
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2828282828282828
Susqueda
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1-6-2003
1-8-2003
1-10-2003
1-12-2003
1-2-2004
1-4-2004
1-6-2004
1-8-2004
1-10-2004
1-12-2004
1-2-2005
1-4-2005
1-6-2005
1-8-2005
Vol (% Volumen Máximo)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Vol [Cla]
Clorofila a (mg/m
3)
Susqueda
90,0988,29
36,05
50,37 51,0055,76
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
29-
01
-03
28-
06
-03
25-
11
-03
23-
04
-04
20-
09
-04
17-
02
-05
17-
07
-05
14-
12
-05
2003 2004 2005
% V M.E.
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
I.E.T. Carlson%V m IET
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2929292929292929
Pintado
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1-6-2003
1-8-2003
1-10-2003
1-12-2003
1-2-2004
1-4-2004
1-6-2004
1-8-2004
1-10-2004
1-12-2004
1-2-2005
1-4-2005
1-6-2005
1-8-2005
Vol (% Volumen Máximo)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Vol [Cla]
Clorofila a (mg/m
3)
Pintado
59,56
81,22 81,46
53,67 54,12
60,54
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
29-
01
-03
28-
06
-03
25-
11
-03
23-
04
-04
20-
09
-04
17-
02
-05
17-
07
-05
14-
12
-05
2003 2004 2005
% V M.E.
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
I.E.T. Carlson%V m IET
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3030303030303030
USE OF CHRISUSE OF CHRISUSE OF CHRIS---PROBA IMAGERY FOR PROBA IMAGERY FOR PROBA IMAGERY FOR IMPROVING MERIS PIGMENT FITS IN IMPROVING MERIS PIGMENT FITS IN IMPROVING MERIS PIGMENT FITS IN
ROSARITOROSARITOROSARITO RESERVOIR (2004)RESERVOIR (2004)RESERVOIR (2004)
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES::
•• ProvingProving thethe usefulnessusefulness ofof CHRIS CHRIS WaterWater BandsBands forfor thethe monitoringmonitoring ofofphytoplanktonphytoplankton in in inlandinland waterswaters, , especiallyespecially cyanobacteriacyanobacteria
•• UsingUsing Rosarito as a Rosarito as a testtest sitesite forfor applyingapplying empiricalempirical modelsmodels forfor pigmentpigmentdetectiondetection, , developeddeveloped forfor MERIS, in CHRIS MERIS, in CHRIS imageryimagery
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3131313131313131
Validation in CHRIS/Proba imagery
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 32323232323232320 20 60 100 140 180 220 >250 mg m-3
Chlorophyll-a concentration 20/05/04
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3333333333333333
EVOLUTION OF MEASURED AND ESTIMATED CHLOROPHYLL-A (SAMPLING POINT B )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
22/04/2004 22/05/2004 21/06/2004 21/07/2004 20/08/2004 19/09/2004 19/10/2004 18/11/2004
DATE
CH
L-a
(m
g m
-3)
MEASURED CHL-a
ESTIMATED CHL-a
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 34343434343434340 20 60 100 140 180 220 >250 mg m-3
Phycocyanin concentration 20/05/04
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3535353535353535
EVOLUTION OF MEASURED AND ESTIMATED PHYCOCYANIN (SAMPLING POINT B )
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
22/04/2004 22/05/2004 21/06/2004 21/07/2004 20/08/2004 19/09/2004 19/10/2004 18/11/2004
DATE
PC
(m
g m
-3)
MEASURED PC
ESTIMATED PC
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3636363636363636
FINAL SUGGESTIONS
• An atmospheric correction algorithm for inland waters is still
needed
• Image delivery could be improved:
• An ftp downloading system would be faster and cheaper
than current CD-based delivery
LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep LAKES 29 sep BlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlgBlg 1414141414141414167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 3737373737373737
AdvancesAdvances in in PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton PigmentPigment
MappingMapping in in SpanishSpanish ReservoirsReservoirs
PePeññaa--MartMartííneznez, Ram, Ramóónn, , RuizRuiz--VerdVerdúú, Antonio, , Antonio,
DomDomííngueznguez--GGóómezmez, Jos, Joséé AntonioAntonio
Centro de Estudios HidrogrCentro de Estudios Hidrográáficos del CEDEX. SPAINficos del CEDEX. SPAIN