Advances in Digital Scholarship
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David De Roure
Advances inDigital Scholarship
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• Web as an infrastructure for research
• Web as a source of data
• Web as a subject of research
• Web of scholarly discourse
Research “on” the Web
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...the imminent flood of scientific data expected from the next generation of experiments, simulations, sensors and satellites
Tony Hey and Anne Trefethen
Source: CERN, CERN-EX-0712023, http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1203203
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Bio
Ess
ays,
, 26
(1):
99–
105,
Jan
uary
200
4
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/
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The Problem
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Digital Music Collections
Student-sourced ground truth
Community Software
Linked Data Repositories
Supercomputer
23,000 hours ofrecorded music
Music InformationRetrieval Community
Structural Analysis of Large Amounts of Music Information
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http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bodley/library/special/projects/whats-the-score
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DAMES
LifeGuide
eStat
PolicyGrid
Obesity e-Lab
DReSS
OeSS
Genesis
Genesis
Rural communities
Creative Industries
Social Inclusion
Entertainment
Healthcare
highwire
Horizon
Media
Finance
Web Science
Current Nodes
e-Social Science
DE Hubs
DE DTCs
GeoVUE
MoSeS
MiMeG
CQeSS
HUB
NeISS
ncrm
m
m
m m
mm
m
mm
NCRM phase 2
Harnessing advances in digital technology and practice to achieve world-class social
research with maximum impact
www.digitalsocialresearch.net
ds
d NCRM phase 3
Demonstrators& Sustainability
d
ss
s
d
m
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New York London Paris Moscow
The Tweet-o-Meter
http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/tom/
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B F
C
A
E
D
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+
B F
C
A
E
D
- +
B F
C
A
E
D
+
F
E
D
B
C
A
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Government
Industry
F
E
D
B
C
A
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Novice Expert
Theories ofSelf interest
Theories of Exchange
Theories ofCollective Action
Theories of Balance
Theories ofHomophily
Theories ofCognition
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QueryInstall
analyticSubscribe
Anatomy of an observatory
ongoing collection
Data flows
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Web as lens
Web as artefact
Web as
infrastructure
1
32
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Framework for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT
responsible-innovation.org.uk
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SOCIAMThe Theory and Practice of
Social Machines
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The order of social machines
Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration… The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999
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An Example Social Machine• The Kenyan election on the
27th December 2007… • wave of riots, killings and
turmoil… • African blogger Erik Hersman
read a post by another blogger Ory Okolloh…
• Resulted in Ushahidi…• “Nobody Knows Everything,
but Everyone Knows Something.”
• Local observers to submit reports using the Web or SMS messages from mobile phones
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1. Telling people about the purpose of the research and about its context is a good thing
2. Treat participants as collaborators not as subjects
3. Do not waste people’s time
4. All volunteers, and their contributions, are of equal value to the project
The Zooniverse principles
Versus…• The Deficit model – the
layperson is irrational, ignorant, and even intellectually vacuous
• Human-based computation – a computer science technique in which a computational process performs its function by outsourcing certain steps to humans
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Some other machines?
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More people
Mor
e m
achi
nes
Social Machines in Context
Big DataBig Compute
Conventional Computation
Social Machines
SocialNetworking
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www.einfrastructuresouth.ac.uk
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explore.clarosnet.org
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The users of a website, the website, and the interactions between them, together form our fundamental notion of a “machine”
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“Facebook for Scientists”...but different to Facebook!
A repository of research methods
A community social network of people and things
A Social Virtual Research Environment
A probe into researcher behaviour
Open source (BSD) Ruby on Rails app
REST and SPARQL interfaces, supports Linked Data
Influenced BioCatalogue, MethodBox and SysMO-SEEK
myExperiment currently has 307 groups, 2494 workflows, 643 files and 250 packs - see wiki.myexperiment.org
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data
method
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Machine
Machine
repeat
Machine
repeat
REPRODUCE
MachineMachine
softwarepaper
paper
ResearchRecord
software
SoftwareREPRODUCE OR REPEAT?
software
workflowpaper
Software
wf
Machine
software
workflow
software
blogs.nature.com/eresearch/
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http://force11.org/
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The Executable Thesis
new data
new results
executablethesis
PhD Student
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• The underlying themes in this talk have been: – Web (co-constituted)– people (expert to lay)– computation (device to supercomputer)– automation / assistance– methods, reuse and value-add
• These reflect significant trends in our “knowledge infrastructure”, and significant opportunities for digital humanities
Discussion
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[email protected]/people/dder
blogs.nature.com/eresearch
@dder
Slide credits: Christine Borgman, Ichiro Fujinaga, Noshir Contractor, Marina Jirotka, Nigel Shadbolt, Dave Robertson, Andrew Zisserman
http://www.slideshare.net/dder/advances-in-digital-scholarshiphttp://www.myexperiment.org/packs/313
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