ADVANCED PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING

DAY 8

AdministrativeAttendanceVisitor today

Plan for TodayReduction in English: SCHWA Minimal pairs (continued)Presentation skills discussionPresentation Skills Noticing ExerciseElevator Talk

Connected Speech: Reduction

What happens in one place in speech can influence what happens in another:-within the word-within the sentence

Contractions & Blends- Why is =- Who is =- I am =

-there are =-this is = -who’ll =

Contractions & Blends- Why is = why’s- Who is = who’s- I am = I’m

-there are = *there’re-this is = *this’s-who will = *who’ll

Reduction of Phrases- I’m going to =

- I don’t know =

- Do you want to =

- I’m going to have to =

Reduction of Phrases- I’m going to = I’m gonna “eyemna”

- I don’t know = I dunno “eyedno”

- Do you want to = D’ya wanna “dʒəwɑnə”

- I’m going to have to = I’m gonna hafta “eyeməna hafta”

Reduced Speech

/ə/ “Schwa”

/ə/

The most common 'vowel’ soundIt can replace the vowel in any UNSTRESSED

syllable in a wordUNSTRESSED vowels are lax vowels. Tense vowels

don’t occur in unstressed syllablesIt can replace the vowel in FUNCTION wordsSpeakers usually do reduce the unstressed

vowels, and not doing so is over-enuciation or exaggerated speech

Vowel Chart (review)

First, about stress…..With a partner, consider these words

AliveExceptImpressConfrontUpon First, identify the stressed syllable Then, say them aloud. Do you see a pattern?

First, about stress…..Alive -   /ʌˈlɑɪv/ /əˈlɑɪv/

Even -  /ˈi·vɛn/ /ˈi·vən/

Impress - /ɪmˈpres/ /əmˈpres/

Confront - /kʌnˈfrʌnt/ /kənˈfrʌnt/

Upon - /ʌˈpɑn/  /əˈpɑn/

Syllable reductionBecause one syllable gets stressed, the others can (and usually do) become unstressed.

An unstressed syllable can fall before or after the stressed one.

Believe * Require Information * Sensitivity

What about these?Japanese -

Brazilian -

Korean -

Chinese -

Russian -

What about these?Japanese - /dʒæ.pə.ˈniz/

Brazilian - /brə.ˈzɪl.yən/

Korean - /kəˈri.yən/

Chinese - /tʃaɪˈniːz/

Russian - /ˈrʌ.ʃən/

Sentence-LevelWord Reduction

Who remembers what the difference is between CONTENT and FUNCTION words? Content Function

Sentence-LevelWord Reduction

Who remembers what the difference is between CONTENT and FUNCTION words? Content – nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. They carry the meaning at the basic levelFunction – articles, some adverbs, auxiliary verbs (when, where, why)

These words are often reduced (vowel becomes schwa or even nothing, whole word is unstressed, too)

Word reduction in sentences

Mary went to the store and bought a bag of apples.

When she got to her home, she realized she had forgotten to buy the milk.

So, she ran back to the store and bought the milk.

Word reduction in sentences

Mary went tə thə store ən bought ə bag əf appləs.

Whən she got tə hər home, she realized she əd forgottən tə buy thə milk.

So, she ran back tə thə store ən bought thə milk.

Pause for Pronunciation

Vowel Chart (review)

Vowel Chart

Vowel Chart

/Ʌ/ /ow/ but boatcut coatmud modelud* loadchuck chokebutter boaternut note

(mid central) (mid back and what else??) ROUNDED

/iy/ /I/ /Ʌ/ /Ow/Beet Bit But Boat

Meet Mit Mut Moat Deed Did *dut Dote Keyed Kit Cut Coat

Presentation SkillsA clip to get us thinking….

Daniel Cloud Campos, TEDx Kalamata 2014

Presentation SkillsTalk with your partner(s) and make a list:

What makes a good presentation?Think about the content, the language, pronunciation, etc.

What makes giving a presentation a difficult task for us?Think about your experience and thoughts about giving your final presentation in this class.

Presentation Skills-Organization (parts of the presentation, organizing language, length, etc.)-- Is there a beginning, middle and end?-- How do you get from one part to the next?--How do you help your audience listen?-Pronunciation (clear pronunciation, effective use of pausing, stress and intonation)--Stress for emphasis, contrast and organization--Accurate intonation

Some extension of our pronunciation skills for

PresentationPausing “for effect”-Helps highlight important points & moments-Dramatic effect-Easier to listen toAsking rhetorical questions (intonation)-What is a rhetorical question -What do rhetorical questions do in a presentation?-How does intonation work in rhetorical questions?

ExerciseWe are going to watch a clip from Steve Jobs’ speech at Stanford University in 2005.The first time, listen to just the message:-What type of talk is he giving?-What will he talk about?-What do you learn about him?

ExerciseThe second time, listen to his pronunciation:-What do you notice about his pausing?-Does he use any stress for emphasis?-How quickly is he speaking?

Elevator TalkAn opportunity to practice and get feedback on

what you’re talking about and how you’re talking about it

Give ‘constructive feedback’