Advanced Placement Psychology

AP Exam Review Materials 2017-2018

“There is but one cause of human failure. And that is man ’s lack

of faith in his true self.” William James

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AP Psychology Exam Guidelines Monday May 07, 2018 at 12:00

General Information:

1. Bring pencils with erasers and blue or black pens

2. Bring a watch that does not beep

3. Do not wear any psychology related clothing

4. Do not bring anything else: books, papers, calculators, cell phones, etc.

Multiple Choice Section:

1. 100 multiple choice questions

2. 70 minutes

3. 2/3 of the overall grade

4. A-E Answers

5. Names, charts, graphs, drawings are all possible

6. There is no penalty for guessing, if you are not sure about a question, take your best educated

guess after using process of elimination.

Free Response Section:

1. 2 required Free Response Questions

2. 50 minutes

3. 1/3 of the overall grade

4. Should write in PEN

5. Points are given for correct responses, not taken away for incorrect material

Points only removed if one part of an answer contradicts another part

6. Read through both questions before doing anything else

Think through the answer before starting to write

Write an outline or notes in the test question booklet

7. Don’t be afraid to cross something out, if needed

8. Write in complete sentences

9. Watch the time. Don’t get caught short on essay #2. Flip through booklet to ensure you’ve

seen BOTH questions!!

10. Often 1 FRQ is RESEARCH METHODS!!! KNOW THIS UNIT!

11. Write in the order of the prompt

Research and Scientific Method (8-10%) Case studies, Naturalistic Observation, surveys

Correlation research methods

Experimental research

Independent vs. Dependent Variables

Experimental vs. Control groups

Controls o Random Sampling vs. Random assignment o Double-blind o Placebo

Hindsight bias and Overconfidence

Normal Distribution, Correlation Coefficients, Standard Deviation

Ethics

Statistical Significance

Neurobiology (8-10%) Neurons - Axons, dendrites, synaptic gap, myelin

NTs - Acetylcholine, endorphins, serotonin, dopamine

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic NS

Brainstem o Medulla (heartbeat & breathing) o Pons (sleep & calming) o Reticular Formation (arousal center) o Thalamus (sensory switchboard)

Limbic System o Hippocampus (memory) o Hypothalamus (4 fs) o Cerebellum (Balance & procedural memory) o Amygdala (fear & aggression)

Cerebral Cortex o Occipital Lobe (vision) o Parietal Lobe (sensory cortex) o Temporal Lobe (hearing) o Frontal Lobe (motor cortex, personality &

judgement) o Right vs. Left Hemisphere

Research by Sperry and Gazzaniga o Broca’s vs. Wernicke’s areas o Corpus callosum

Scans o CAT, MRI, PET, fMRI, EEG

Glands o Pituitary, Adrenal, Thyroid

Development (7-9%) Identical vs. Fraternal Twins

Attachment

Cognitive Development (Piaget) o Stages – Sensorimotor, Preoperational,

Concrete, Formal Operational o Schema, assimilation, accommodation o Object Permanence o Egocentrism o Conservation

Parenting Styles (Baumrind) o Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive

Moral Development (Kohlberg) o Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-

conventional

Social Development (Erikson)

A Strange Situation (Ainsworth)

Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)

Alzheimer’s (decreased Ach)

Parkinson’s (decreased dopamine)

Cross sectional vs. Longitudinal

Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence

Sensation and Perception (6-8%) Absolute Threshold

Weber’s Law

Signal Detection theory

Vision o Parts of the eye – pupil, lens, retina (rods and

cones) fovea, optic nerve, blind spot

Hearing o Parts – eardrum, middle ear (Hammer, anvil,

stirrup) Cochlea, Basilar membrane

Vestibular vs. Kinesthesis sense

Gate Control Theory – substance P

Selective Attention

Perceptual Set

Binocular Cues (retinal disparity, convergence)

Monocular Cues (relative size, relative height, texture gradient, interposition, linear perspective, relative clarity)

Phi Phenomenon

Gestalt – figure-ground, closure, similarity, proximity

Learning (7-9%) Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

o UCS, UCR, CS and CR o Acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery,

discrimination, generalization,

Operant Conditioning (Skinner) o Reinforcement vs. Punishment (Pos. vs. Neg.)

Shaping, Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcers, Overjustification Effect

Reinforcement Schedules o Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable

interval, continuous

Observational Learning (Bandura & Bobo dolls)

Taste Aversion

Garcia – Evolutionary

Tolman – Lantent learning and Cognitive maps

Resorla – Contingency Theory

Memory and Cognition (8-10%) Encoding, storage, retrival

Deep vs. Shallow processing

Mnemonic devices

Spacing effect

Forgetting Curve (Ebbinghaus)

Serial Position Effect o Primacy vs. Recency

Proactive vs. Retroactive Interference (PORN)

Amnesia – Antrograde vs. Retrograde

Divergent vs. Convergent thinking

Episodic vs. procedural memories

Prototypes

Algorithms

Heuristics o Representative vs. Availability

Functional Fixedness

Framing

Metacognition

Phonemes vs. Morphemes

Critical Period (Genie)

Intelligence (5-7%) Achievement vs. Aptitude

Reliability

Validity

G factor (Spearman)

Multiple Intelligences ( Gardner)

Emotional Intelligences

IQ tests o Stanford-Binet vs. Weschler

Triarchic - Sternberg

States of Consciousness (2-4%) Sleep

o Beta waves, alpha waves, delta waves, sleep spindles

o Sleep cycle – stage 1-3 (NREM), REM (paradoxical)

Disorders (Night terrors, Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Sleep Apnea)

Hypnosis

Drugs (Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens)

Withdrawal

Personality (5-7%) Psychoanalytic

o Freud Stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital)

o Id, Ego, Superego o Defense Mechanisms (repression, reaction

formation, projection, displacement, sublimation)

o Projective tests (TAT, Rorschach) o Carl Jung, Erik Erikson, Alfred Adler

Trait o The Big Five (OCEAN) o Myers-Briggs, MMPI

Humanistic o Maslow – hierarchy of needs, self-actualization o Carl Rogers – Unconditional Positive Regard

Socio-Cognitive o Bandura (Reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy) o Internal vs. External Locus of Control o Learned Helplessness

Abnormal (7-9%) DSM 5

Anxiety Disorders o Generalized Anxiety Disorder o Panic Disorder

o Phobias

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders o Hoarding

Stress and Related Disorders o Posttraumatic Stress Disorders

Somatoform o Conversion

Mood o Major Depression o Dysthymia o Seasonal Affect Disorder

Bipolar

Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

Treatment of Disorders (5-7%) Psychoanalytic (free association, transference, dream

analysis – manifest vs. latent content)

Humanistic o Rogers – Client Centered Therapy

Behavioral o Systematic Desensitization o Aversion Conditioning o Token Economy

Cognitive o Rational-Emotive Therapy (Ellis) o Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

Bio o Drugs, surgery ECT

Eclectic Approach – many approaches

Motivation and Emotion (6-8%) Instinct vs. drive-reduction vs. optimal arousal

Hypothalamus (Ventromedial vs. Lateral)

Set Point

Anorexia vs. Bulimia

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

Emotion theories (James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer)

Stress – General Adaptation Theory

Type A vs. Type B

Social Psych (8-10%) Fundamental Attribution Error

Foot-in-the-Door vs. Door-in-the-face

Cognitive Dissonance

Group Polarization

Groupthink

Social Facilitation

Deindividuation

Social Loafing

Asch conformity experiment

Milgram shocking experiment

Zimbardo prison experiment Diffusion of Responsibility

Top 100

Psychology

Terms The following is a

list of the most

pertinent and

essential terms in

psychology.

While the list is not

extensive, these

terms should be

studied and practiced

in context several

times to help you

prepare for the AP

Exam.

1. Absolute Threshold 51. Hypothesis testing

2. Action potential 52. Id

3. Aggression 53. Independent variable

4. Anxiety 54. Infant-mother attachment

5. Anxiety disorder 55. Information-processing approach

6. Artificial intelligence 56. Instrumental behavior

7. Associationism (history) 57. Intelligence

8. Attachment 58. Intelligence quotient

9. Attitude change (factors influencing) 59. Introversion-extroversion

10. Attitudes and behavior 60. Just noticeable difference

11. Attribution theory 61. Law of effect

12. Avoidance learning 62. Long-term memory

13. Binocular depth cues 63. Longitudinal research

14. Central nervous system 64. Meaning

15. Cerebellum 65. Mental illness

16. Cerebral cortex 66. Mental imagery

17. Cerebral hemispheres 67. Milgram’s obedience experiment

18. Childhood, characteristics of 68. Nature-nurture controversy

19. Classical conditioning 69. Neocortex

20. Cognitive development 70. Neurotransmitter

21. Cognitive dissonance theory 71. Normal distribution

22. Conditioned stimulus 72. Operant conditioning

23. Conditioned reflex 73. Origin of Species

24. Conformity 74. Personality

25. Consciousness 75. Phobia

26. Contrast 76. Placebo effect

27. Control group 77. Positive reinforcement

28. Correlational coefficient 78. Prejudice

29. Correlational method 79. Prosocial behavior

30. Dendrite 80. Psychoanalytic Theory

31. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 81. Psychosis

32. Dependent variable 82. Psychosomatic Disorders

33. Depression 83. Psychotherapy

34. Depth perception 84. Rehearsal

35. Determinism 85. Reinforcement

36. Developmental stages (theories of) 86. Right hemisphere

37. Distance cues 87. Sample (random)

38. Ego 88. Semantic memory

39. Electroencephalograph 89. Serial-position effect

40. Empiricism 90. Short-term memory

41. Etiology 91. Significance level (statistical)

42. Evolution and functionalism 92. Significant difference

43. Experimental group 93. Social influence

44. Extinction 94. Socialization

45. Forgetting curve 95. Socioeconomic status

46. Free association 96. Traits

47. Free recall 97. Unconscious

48. Frequency (audition) 98. Unconscious motivation

49. Gestalt principles of organization 99. Visual angle

50. Gestalt psychology 100. Visual depth perception

AP Psychology List of “Movers and Shakers” The following is a list of some of the prominent individuals in the psychology/psychiatry field. For

each individual, write a brief profile of their work (research, experiments, theories) to help you

prepare for the AP Exam.

History and Approaches

- Mary Whiton Calkins

- Charles Darwin

- Dorothea Dix

- G. Stanley Hall

- William James

- Margaret Floy Washburn

- Wilhelm Wundt

Research Methods - none

Biological Bases of Behavior

- Paul Broca

- Charles Darwin

- Michael Gazzaniga

- Roger Sperry

- Carl Wernicke

Sensation and Perception

- Gustav Fechner

- David Hubel

- Ernst Weber

- Torsten Weisel

States of Consciousness

- Ernest Hilgard

Learning

- Albert Bandura

– John Garcia

- Ivan Pavlov

- Robert Rescorla

- B.F. Skinner

- Edward Thorndike

- Edward Tolman

- John B. Watson

Cognition

- Noam Chomsky

- Hermann Ebbinghaus

- Wolfgang Kohler

- Elizabeth Loftus

- George A. Miller

Motivation and Emotion

- Alfred Kinsey

- Abraham Maslow

- Stanley Schachter

- Hans Seyle

Developmental Psychology

- Mary Ainsworth

- Albert Bandura

- Diana Baumrind

- Erik Erikson

- Carol Gilligan

- Harry Harlow

- Lawrence Kohlberg

- Konrad Lorenz

- Jean Piaget

- Lev Vygotsky

Personality

- Alfred Adler

- Albert Bandura

- Paul Costa/Robert McCrae

- Sigmund Freud

- Carl Jung

- Abraham Maslow

- Carl Rogers

Testing and Individual

Differences

- Alfred Binet

- Francis Galton

- Howard Gardner

- Charles Spearman

- Robert Sternberg

- Louis Terman

- David Wechsler

Abnormal Behavior – none

Treatment of Abnormal

Behavior

- Aaron Beck

- Albert Ellis

- Mary Cover Jones

- Joseph Wolpe

Social Psychology

- Solomon Asch

- Leon Festinger

- Stanley Milgram

- Philip Zimbardo

AP Psychology People, Terms, and Theories that Show Up in Multiple

Chapters

Directions: Write down a quality, succinct definition for each term listed below. Terms found in multiple chapters can

GENERALLY be considered of higher importance to the AP Psychology exam (in my opinion). Consider this as you

define the terms: would this score on the FRQ? Are you merely parroting the prompt? Does your definition give your

reader a CLEAR indication that you know what you’re talking about? After you’ve defined each term, determine

WHICH CHAPTERS THEY APPEARED IN.

Terms List:

Learned Helplessness:

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation:

B.F. Skinner:

Pavlov/Classical conditioning:

Albert Bandura:

Freud:

Fixation:

Maslow (& his Hierarchy of Needs):

Hypothalamus (ventromedial/lateral):

Latent:

Assimilation:

Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence:

Temperament:

Habituation:

Selective Attention/Cocktail Party Effect:

Serotonin:

Nature-Nurture:

Placebo effect:

Normal curve:

Dissociation:

Refractory Period:

Anorexia/Bulimia:

Token Economy:

Type A/Type B:

Soma/Somatic:

Projective Tests:

Self-serving bias:

Mirror Neurons:

Amygdala:

Empathy:

Hermann Helmholtz:

Gestalt:

Cross-Sectional Research:

Longitudinal Research:

Acronym Review FR ACh MA IQ CA GABA IV SLT UPR CNS XX MBTI PET VR GAS VI LTM CS MAOI SSRI fMRI ECT REBT DSM-V REM WAUS LSD I/O LTP THC OCD GAD PTSD PDD APA TAT MRI CT FI UCS STM LTM DV XY rTMS ANS BMI DNA MMPI SCN EEG

1. The organization that oversees ethical considerations for psychology research. _____

2. Want to optimize human behaviors in the workplace? Try being an __________ psychologist!!

3. Projective tests used by Psychodynamic therapists include the __________, the Rorschach and the Person-Tree-House test.

4. Your genetic makeup is thanks to the _____________ in your genome.

5. According to Hans Selye, this model is what happens during finals week at school. ________

6. B.F. Skinner came up with these schedules of reinforcement a pigeon. _______, __________, ___________, and

______________.

7. The final is TOMORROW and it is 50% of your quarter grade!?! Did that scare you? Your ___________ is probably activated

right now.

8. Albert Ellis created this confrontational method of cognitive therapy. _____________

9. __________ is a neurotransmitter involved with movement and memory.

10. Psychopharmacologists would use these ______________ and _____________ to reduce depression symptoms in people.

11. The formula for intelligence is __________ divided by _________ x 100 = ____________.

12. When neural connections strengthen due to repeated use, or the neural basis for memory and learning is known as

__________________.

13. Carl Rogers taught people to be client-centered and to treat everyone with ____________.

14. Neuroscientists can study the brain using these four types of scans: ____________, __________, __________, and _______

15. One side effect of this type of biomedical therapy is long-term memory loss. _______________

16. This is the great book of mental disorders. _____________

17. This type of sleep is paradoxical, meaning your body is paralyzed but your mind is active. ______________

18. According to Pavlov’s research on dogs, what was previously neutral in classical conditioning? ___________

19. Your memory system is comprised of sensory memory, _________, and ______________.

FR ACh MA IQ CA GABA IV SLT UPR CNS XX MBTI PET VR GAS VI LTM CS MAOI SSRI fMRI ECT REBT DSM-V REM WAUS LSD I/O LTP THC OCD GAD PTSD PDD APA TAT MRI CT FI UCS STM LTM DV XY rTMS ANS BMI DNA MMPI SCN EEG

20. In an experiment, the ____________ is what you manipulate and the __________ is what you measure the outcome of.

21. Albert Bandura’s “Bobo Doll” study demonstrates the ______________.

22. Your brain and spinal cord make up the _________________.

23. Females have a __________ genotype, males have a _____________ genotype.

24. A biomedical treatment for depression using magnets is called ________________.

25. The totally bogus test made by a mom-daughter team that is based off of Carl Jung’s archetypes model is the

_____________________. (Oh, you’re an INSJ? Nice.)

26. Food and motivation to eat have a direct link to how much body fat you have, called your ________________.

27. David Wechsler created this adult intelligence test, called the ___________________.

28. This test, the _________________, is a 567 question Personality Inventory that has a built in lie scale.

29. You have your ____________ to thank for secreting melatonin, a hormone that induces sleepiness. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

30. This type of drug is a hallucinogen. _____________

31. Marijuana doesn’t fit neatly into the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogen category of drugs, but it does contain a lot of

_____________, its active ingredients.

32. Disorders that are in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders include

____________, _________________, _________, and _______________,

. AP Psychology Confusing Pairs Validity v. Reliability

(Test/Study measures what it is supposed to measure v. Test/Study results are consistent over time)

Random Sample v. Random Assignment (Selection of participants for a research study… equal chance of being chosen v. Assignment of participants to

experimental condition… ONLY done in experiments)

Independent Variable v. Dependent Variable (WHAT is tested/manipulated in an experiment v. what is measured as a result of an experiment)

Experimental Group v. Control Group

(In an experiment - Participants that receive the independent variable v. Participants that are compared to the I.V. group)

Achievement Test v. Aptitude Test

(Shows what you have learned or should know… has content validity v. Shows potential or what you could do… has predictive validity)

Sympathetic Nervous System v. Parasympathetic Nervous System

(Division of the Autonomic N.S. that initiates “fight or flight” v. Division of the Autonomic N.S. that calms… like a “parachute”)

Afferent (Sensory) Neurons v. Efferent (Motor) Neurons

(Neurons sending signals FROM body/senses TO brain v. Neurons sending signals FROM brain TO body/muscles)

Neurotransmitters v. Hormones (Chemical Messengers released by neurons in the Nervous System v. Messengers in the Endocrine System sent

through bloodstream)

Hippocampus v. Hypothalamus (In the Limbic System – memory formation center v. hunger/thirst/body drive center)

Lateral Hypothalamus v. Ventromedial Hypothalamus

(Stimulates hunger response v. Suppresses hunger response)

Left Brain v. Right Brain (Language speech/comprehension & “analytical” center v. Spatial & ”creative” center / Emotion appraisal)

Broca’s Area v. Wernicke’s Area (Left, Frontal Lobe… helps produce speech v. Left, Temporal Lobe… helps comprehend speech)

Identical Twins v. Fraternal Twins (Monozygotic… same fertilized egg/100% same DNA v. Dizygotic… two separate eggs/50% same DNA)

Sensation v. Perception (Input FROM senses… “bottom-up” processing v. Interpretation OF sensory input… “top-down” processing)

Rods v. Cones (Photoreceptor Cells in the Retina – react to contrasts & movement… “night vision” v. react to color & sharpness…

“color vision”)

. AP Psychology Confusing Pairs Classical Conditioning v. Operant Conditioning

(Learning that is passive, involuntary… “stimulus-response” v. Learning that is active, voluntary… “consequence-response”)

Negative Reinforcement v. Punishment

(Consequence that increases behavior by REMOVAL of unpleasant stimulus v. Consequence that decreases behavior by APPLYING an unpleasant stimulus)

Primacy Effect v. Recency Effect

(FIRST items of a list are remembered v. LAST/recent items of a list are remembered)

Proactive Interference v. Retroactive Interference (NEW information is blocked from memory by OLD v. OLD information is blocked from memory by NEW)

Implicit Memory v. Explicit Memory

(Largely unconscious, skill-based… procedural v. Largely conscious, fact/experience-based… declarative)

Recall Memory v. Recognition Memory (Must reconstruct the memory… no hints v. Identification of image/information… some hints)

Algorithms v. Heuristics

(Thinking methods for solving problems – “step by step”… solution guaranteed v. “rule-of-thumb”… error-prone)

Representativeness Heuristics v. Availability Heuristics (Making judgments about objects/people/events… draws from stereotypes v. Guessing probabilities of occurrences…

draws from available instances)

Phonemes v. Morphemes (Smallest units of SOUND in a language v. Smallest units of MEANING in a language)

Fluid Intelligence v. Crystallized Intelligence

(Speed of processing information… declines with age v. Retention of acquired knowledge… increases with age)

Intrinsic Motivation v. Extrinsic Motivation (Motivation from WITHIN… done for personal satisfaction v. Motivation from WITHOUT… done for external

reward/punishment)

Internal Locus of Control v. External Locus of Control (Perception that individual has control OVER what happens to him/her self v. Perception that circumstances have

control OVER what happens to the individual)

Assimilation v. Accommodation (Process of incorporating experience into an EXISTING schema… “cat is dog” v. Process of creating NEW schema…

“cat not dog”)

Authoritative Parenting Style v. Authoritarian Parenting Style (Parenting characterized by warmth/interaction/boundaries… democratic v. Parenting characterized by

rigidness/control … dictatorial

AP Psychology Free Response Question Topics Through The Years

https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-psychology/exam

Year Question 1 Question 2 2017 Study on eating behavior and the effect of framing

Drive reduction theory

External cues

Dopamine and the reward center

Observational learning

Operationally define dependent variable

Experiment vs. correlational study

Statistical significance

Sachio saxophone audition for prestigious college

Resistance phase of general adaptation syndrome

Implicit memory

Social facilitation

Basilar membrane

Somatosensory cortex

Intrinsic motivation

Big Five personality trait of extraversion

2016 Ashley crashes while driving

Motor neurons

Retinal disparity

Heuristic

Procedural memory

Circadian rhythm

Conditioned response

Inattentional blindness

Danny memorizing capitals

Distributed Practice

Mnemonic device

Secondary reinforcer

Big Five trait of conscientiousness

Retroactive interference

Self fulfilling prophecy

Sympathetic nervous system

2015 Naturalistic Children Study

Confirmation bias

Availability Heuristic

Misunderstanding of Correlational Research

Hypothesis

Dependent Variable

Random assignment

Bar graph

Chandler and Alex finding a new home

Prefrontal cortex

Algorithm

Social loafing

Alarm state of General Adaptation Syndrome

Proactive Interference

Habituation

Normative Social Influence

2014 Business Simulation Study

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Bar graph

Cause and effect of dependent and independent

variables

Statistical significance

Debriefing

Abram’s success at a university

Authoritarian parenting style

Identity versus role confusion

Unconditional positive regard

Divergent thinking

Elaborative rehearsal

Intrinsic motivation

Self efficacy

2013 John writing an editorial

Correlational research

Overjustification effect

Reinforcement schedules

Belief perseverance

Central route to persuasion

Retroactive interference

Source amnesia

Effectiveness of Massed vs Distributed Practice

Operational definition of dependent variable

Ethical flaws

Research design flaw

Statistical significance vs difference between groups

Fluid intelligence

Circadian rhythm

2012 Annabell picking a college

Availability heuristic

Compliance

Prefrontal Cortex

Prospective memory

Annabell adapts at college

Agoraphobia

Crystallized intelligence

Ethnocentrism

How does placement or location of the first term influence

the process of the 2nd term

Rods, peripheral vision

List of unrelated words, word recall

Serotonin, reduction of depression

Retinal disparity, depth perception

Motor cortex, body movement

Presence of others, performance

Proximity, perception

2011 Experiment

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Fovea

Feature Detectors

Gestalt Principle of Closure

Random Assignment

Statistical Significance

Savanna preparing for an exam that consists of written

and spoken portions. How will (the first 4 terms) help her

success, how will (next 2 terms) hinder her success, how

will (final 2 terms) influence her opinion that she did well.

Broca’s Area

Use of phonemes

Modeling

Chunking

Encoding failure

Age and language acquisition

Self Efficacy

Confirmation Bias

2010 For each of the pairs below, use an example to show how

the first term in each pair affects or is related to the

second.

Serial Position Effect…recall

Functional Fixedness…problem solving

Operational Definition…replication

Double Blind Research…bias

Operant Conditioning…superstition

Reinforcement…overjustification effect

Myelin Sheath…neural impulse

Explain the behavior and perceptions of the participants in

the pep rally using the concepts below.

Cocktail party effect

Conformity

Deindividuation

Figure ground

Occipital lobe

Procedural memory

Sympathetic nervous system

2009 Effect on Performance of Dance Competition

Extrinsic Motivation

Punishment

Proactive Interference

Endorphins

Vestibular System

Divergent Thinking

Introversion

Effect on Written and Road Driving Test

Cognitive Map

Cerebellum

Observational Learning

Human Factors

Reticular Formation

Predictive Validity

Semantic Memory

2008 Smith Garcia’s 1st Baby

Skinner Operant Conditioning

Bandura Social Learning Theory

Ainsworth Attachment Theory

Baumrind Parenting Styles

Experimental Design: Ash Conformity Study

Control Group

Deception

Operational Definition of DV

Hypothesis

Debriefing

Cognitive Dissonance

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2007 Ellie’s Quest for Friendship

The Mere Exposure Effect

Mnemonic Device

Schachter Two Factor Theory

Locus of Control

In Group Bias

Regression

Operant Conditioning

Circadian Rhythm

Schizophrenia

Symptoms

Research on genetic basis

Dopamine hypothesis

Medications for treatment

Risk of medications

Contrast with DID

2006 Experimental Design

Case Study

Correlational Study

Experiment

Zoe Buys a New Car

Approach-avoidance conflict

Central Route to Persuasion

Heuristics

Individualism

Rationalization

Self efficacy

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Foot In The Door Phenomenon

2005 Inaccurate Perception, Cognition or Conclusion

Afterimage Effect

Availability Heuristic

Ethnocentrism

Groupthink

Lack of Object Permanence

Nonrandom Assignment

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Proactive Interference

Controversial Issues

The value of diagnostic labeling

Children’s acquisition of language

Explanations of hypnosis

2004 Experimental Design: Dr. Franklin

Identify research method in study

Describe operational definitions of IV DV

Ethics

Statistical technique that could be used

Problems with research design

How are these influenced by time?

Critical Period

Fluid Intelligence

Group Polarization

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Presentation of the CS and UCS in CC

Refractory Period in Neural Firing

Sound Localization

Spontaneous Recovery

2003 Statistics and Intelligence Testing

3 Measures of Central Tendency (CT)

Skewed Distribution

Normal Distribution and 3 Measures of CT

3 Measures of CT and Positive Distribution

Bell Curve

Updating norms

Determining bias in intelligence tests

Development or Continuation of Smoking Habit

Cognitive Dissonance

Conformity

Incentive Motivation

Negative Reinforcement

Physiological Addiction

2002 Opposing Tendencies

Appetite

Autonomic Nervous System

Color Vision

Drug Use

Nerve Firing

Five Year Old Jessie Visits Fire Station

Egocentrism

Observational Learning

Overregularization or overgeneralization of

language

Reconstructive Memory

Schema

2001 Anxiety

Behavioral perspective (cause and treat)

Psychodynamic perspective (cause and treat)

Biological perspective (cause and treat)

Cognitive perspective (cause and treat)

Expectancy or Set

Human Perception

The Effects of a Psychoactive Drug

Students Performance In Classroom

Human Problem Solving

Memory

2000 High School That Does Not Use Grades and How Impacts

Student Behavior

Extrinsic Motivation

Arousal Theory (Yerkes-Dodson Law)

Learned Helplessness

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Experimental Design: Crime in New City

Design a correlational study

Operationalization of variables

Selection of participants

Generalizability

Ethical Considerations

Reaching conclusions

1999 Eating Habits and Body Weight

Body or brain chemistry

Brain structure

Genetics

Reinforcement

Modeling

Cultural Factors

Memory of Photograph Taken In A Public Park

Schema

Retroactive Interference

Representative Heuristic

Confirmation Bias

Framing

1998 Experimental Design: Bystander Intervention

Identify IV and DV

Find flaws in design and correct

Ethical issue

Link abstract to social psych research

Cognitive Approach to Psychology

Define cognitive approach

How different from psychodynamic, behavioral,

biological

Contribution of cognitive theory to understanding of

memory and depression

1997 Learning ~ Effects of Punishment

Modeling

Classical conditioning of fear

Displacement

Positive Reinforcement

Extinction

Personality ~ Continuity vs Change

Biological factors

Learning factors

Situational factors

Cognitive factors

Shyness

1996 Impact of Social and Biological Factors

Body Weight

Perception

Alcoholism

Extraversion

Schizophrenia

Experimental Design: Professor Jackson

Sampling

Assignment of participants

Dependent Variable

Control for experimenter bias

Control of confounding variables

1995 Compare Contrast Experiment and Survey

IV

DV

Control

Experimenter and Response Bias

Ethical issues

Prejudice

Stereotyping

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Fundamental Attribution Error

Projection

Schema

1994 Experimental Design: Hyperactive Children

Sampling

IV

DV

Controls

Method to employ the outcome

Behavior is Adaptive

Repression

Conformity

Imprinting

Displaced Aggression

Loss of information from STM

1993 Experimental Design: Rehearsal of Words

Population

Subject Selection

IV

DV

Experimental Group

Control Group

Potential Confounding Variables

Method of Reducing Experimenter Bias

Systematic Desensitization

Anxiety Hierarchy

Relaxation

Generalization

Extinction

1992 Differences and Similarities Between Classical and

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement

Acquisition

Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

Generalization

Discrimination

Causes and Treatment of Depression

Psychodyamic Approach

Biological/Medical Approach

Cognitive Approach