GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR

Seminar On Topic

ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR IN

NUCLEAR POWER STATION

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FUTURE AND DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES

(ADVANCED REACTORS)

A. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR

B. PEBBLE BED REACTOR

C. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOUS

REACTOR

3. GENERATION IV REACTORS

A. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

B. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

C. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

4. CONCLUSION

5. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS REACTOR ?

1. IT IS A DEVICE TO INITIATE AND CONTROL THE CHAIN

REACTION.

2. IT IS SIMILAR TO THE BOILER IN THE BOILER IN THE

THERMAL POWER PLANT.

3. IN BOILER FUEL IS BURNT AND STEAM IS PRODUCED.

SIMILLARLY IN NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL IS BURNT TO

PRODUCE STEAM WITH THE HELP OF HEAT EXCHANGER.

4. TODAY 450 REACTORS ARE USED TO GENERATE

ELECTRICITY IN 30 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

FUTURE AND DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES

(ADVANCED REACTOR)

TYPES OF ADVANCED REACTOR

1. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR (IFR)

2. PEBBLE BED REACTOR

3. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR

(SSTAR)

4. CLEAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE ADVANCED REACTOR

(CAESAR)

5. REDUCED MODERATION WATER REACTOR

6. SUBCRITICAL REACTORS

7. THORIUM BASED REACTORS

INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR

1. IT IS BUILT TESTED AND EVALUATED IN 1986

2. THEN IT IS RETIRED DUE TO NUCLEAR NON PROLIFERATION

POLICIES OF THE ADMINISTRATION

3. RECYCLING SPENT FUEL IS THE CORE OF ITS DESIGN.

4. AND IT IS THEREFORE PRODUCES ONLY FRACTION OF THE WASTE

OF CURRENT REACTORS.

PEBBLE BED REACTOR

PEBBLE BED REACTOR

1. IT IS HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS COOLED REACTOR

2. IT USES CERAMIC FUEL OF ITS SAFE OPERATING

TEMPERATURE

3. MOST DESIGN ARE COOLED BY INERT HELIUM.

4. ITS UNIQUE FEATURE THAT MAY AID SAFETY.

5. HELIUM IS NOT SUBJECTED TO STEAM EXPLOSION, RESIST

NEUTRON ABSORPTION LEADING TO RADIOACTIVITY,

6. IS DOES NOT DISSOLVE CONTAMINANTS THAT CAN BECOME

RADIOACTIVE.

SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORATBLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR

1. AS ITS NAME INDICATE IT IS A SMALL, SEALED,

TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR.

2. IT IS BEING PRIMARILY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP IN

THE USA.

3. IT IS PASSIVELY SAFE.

4. IT COULD BE REMOTELY SHUT DOWN IN CASE THE

SUSPICIOUS ARISES THAT IT IS BEING TEMPERED

WITH.

CLEAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCED REACTOR

REDUCED MODERATION WATER REACTOR

SUBCRITICAL REACTOR

THORIUM BASED REACTORS

1. IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONVERT THORIUM-232 INTO U-230

2. IT IS MORE PLENTIFUL THAN URANIUM

3. IT CAN BE USED TO BREED U-233 NUCLEAR FUEL.

4. IT IS ALSO BELIEVED TO HAVE FAVOURABLE NUCLEAR

PROPERTIES AS COMPARED TO TRADITIONALLY USED U-235

5. IT INCLUDES BETTER NEUTRON ECONOMY.

IT IS OF TWO TYPES :-

1. ADVANCE HEAVY WATER REACTOR

2. KAMINI REACTOR

GENERATION IV REACTORS

TYPES OF GENERATION IV REACTORS :-

1. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

2. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

3. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

1. IT IS A SET OF THEORETICAL NUCLEAR REACTOR

DESIGNED CURRENTLY BEING RESEARCHED.

2. THIS DESIGN ARE GENERALLY NOT EXPECTED TO BE

AVAILABLE FOR COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION BEFORE

2030.

GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

1. ITS DESIGN IS CURRENTLY IN DEVELOPMENT.

2. HELIUM COOLED SYSTEM OPERATING WITH OUTLET

TEMPERATURE AT 850 DEG.CELCIUS

3. HIGH THERMAL EFFICIECNCY

4. USED FOR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION.

5. SEVERAL FUEL FORMS ARE BEING CONSIDERED FOR THEIR

POTENTIAL TO OPERATE AT VERY TEMPERATURE.

LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

1. IT USES MOLTEN LEAD OR LEAD BISMUTH AS A COOLANT.

2. COOLANT TEMPERATURE IS 500 TO 600 DEG.CELCIUS.

3. IT HAS HIGH EFFICIENCY

4. NO ELECTRICITY REQUIRED FOR THE COOLING AFTER SHUT

DOWN.

5. IT IS SAFER THAN WATER COOL REACTOR.

6. BUT THE LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR REQUIRE MORE

STRUCTURAL SUPPORT.

7. IT INCREASES BUILDING SUPPORT.

MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

1. IT USE MOLTEN SALT MIXTURE AS A PRIMARY COOLANT.

2. IT RUN AT HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN WATER COOLED

REACTOR.

3. SALT ARE MORE EFFICIENT.

4. THE INITIAL REFERNCE DESIGN IS 1000MWe.

5. IT IS INHERENTLY SAFE DESIGN OPERATED AT LOW PRESSURE

IMPROVE SAFETY, SYSTEM IS CLEAN.

6. NO NEED FOR FUEL ROD MANUFACTURING.

LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR

CONCLUSION

BY USING ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR THE EFFICIENCY OF

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CAN BE INCREASED.

THE PRIMARY GOALS BEING TO IMPROVE NUCLEAR

SAFETY,MINIMISE WASTE AND NATURAL RESOURCE UITLISATION

AND TO DECREASE THE COST OF BUILD AND RUN SUCH PLANTS.

REFERENCES

1. JAY NEWMAN (2008).PHYSICS OF THE LIFE SCIENCES.

2. “REACTOR PROTECTION AND ENGINEERING SAFETY FEATURE

SYSTEM”.THE NUCLEAR TOURIST. RETRIEVED 25 SEPT. 2008

3. WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM

THANK YOU....!!!