Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing...
Transcript of Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing...
![Page 1: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 9 Topic :Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Segment A Topic:Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts Planning Concepts
![Page 2: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 2
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and Control Planning and Control
Planning ConceptsPlanning Concepts
![Page 3: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 3
OverviewOverview
• Manufacturing PlanningManufacturing Planning– Fundamental Concepts– Variation –”The Enemy”– Dealing With Variation
• Product Design• Demand Patterns• Aggregation• In Production and Distribution
![Page 4: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 4
Fundamental Concepts Fundamental Concepts (1)(1)
Appropriate Manufacturing PhilosophyAppropriate Manufacturing Philosophy– Job, Batch, Mass Production– Where Product is in Product Life Cycle– Dealing With Variations
• Product Design• Process Design• Production/Demand
– Inventory of Goods– Excess Capacity/Change capacity
– Degree of Automation/Technology• Repetition
![Page 5: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 5
Fundamental Concepts Fundamental Concepts (2)(2)
Appropriate Manufacturing PhilosophyAppropriate Manufacturing Philosophy– Concept of Quality– Likely Competitor Actions– Management Philosophy/Style
• Centralized/Decentralized
– Infrastructure• Core Competencies• Information Systems• Worker Skills, Unionization
– Capital Recovery Requirements– Risk/Reward Tradeoff
![Page 6: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 6
Basic Framework for Basic Framework for Manufacturing Planning Manufacturing Planning
and Control Systemsand Control Systems• ObjectivesObjectives
– Right Products, at the– Right Time, in the– Right Quantities, at the– Right Quality, at the– Right (Minimum) Cost
• Achieved in an Integrated, Achieved in an Integrated, Rationalized SystemRationalized System
![Page 7: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 7
Sources of Variation in Sources of Variation in Manufacturing Systems Manufacturing Systems
--• Timing of Demand ReceiptTiming of Demand Receipt
– Make to Order– Make to Stock
• QuantityQuantity– Reductions/Additions
• Available Production ResourcesAvailable Production Resources– Breakdowns– Supplier Deliveries– Errors in Estimates
![Page 8: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 8
Strategies for Dealing Strategies for Dealing with Variationwith Variation
• IdentifyIdentify
• EliminateEliminate
• ReduceReduce
• Acknowledge/React/ModifyAcknowledge/React/Modify
![Page 9: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 9
Basic Activities in Basic Activities in Planning and Control Planning and Control
SystemsSystems• Determination of Product Design(s)Determination of Product Design(s)• Determination of Amount to ProduceDetermination of Amount to Produce• Balancing Demand for Resources (Time)Balancing Demand for Resources (Time)• Determination of Operation ParametersDetermination of Operation Parameters• Detailed Planning/SequencingDetailed Planning/Sequencing• Dealing with Variation During Lead Dealing with Variation During Lead
TimeTime• Production and Delivery of ProductProduction and Delivery of Product
![Page 10: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 10
Variation and Basic Variation and Basic Mfg. And Control Mfg. And Control
ActivitiesActivities• Product Design VariationProduct Design Variation
– Pre-release– Post Release
• Demand VariationDemand Variation• Resource Availability Resource Availability
– Breakdown– Diversion
• Model vs. Reality Model vs. Reality – Actual vs. Estimated
![Page 11: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 11
Product Design Product Design Variation Variation (1)(1)• Sources of VariationSources of Variation
– Overly Diversified Product Line• Main Products• Options within Main Products
– Different Solutions for Same Functionality, Components• Different Designs• Different Suppliers
– Different Processes for Same Part Features• Different Production Processes• Different Routing (Same Processes)
![Page 12: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 12
Product Design Product Design Variation Variation (2)(2)
• Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce VariationVariation– Overly Diversified Line
• Determine “Core” Products• Determine “Core”/”Standard” Features• Divestiture
– Differing Solutions for Same Function, Component• Group Technology• Concurrent Engineering• Long Term Relations with Suppliers• Bring Production In-House
![Page 13: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 13
Product Design Product Design Variation Variation (3)(3)
• Strategies to React to VariationStrategies to React to Variation– Overly Diversified Line
• Reevaluate Product Line• Focused Factories Concept
– Differing Solutions for Same Function, Component• Agile Manufacturing• Group Technology• Concurrent Engineering• Long Term Relations with Suppliers• Bring Production In-House
![Page 14: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 14
Demand VariationDemand Variation• SourcesSources
– Inherent Variation in Demand Pattern• Randomness in Customer Behavior• Incomplete Forecasting Model
– Historical Data Missing or Unavailable
• Inability to Monitor/Predict Underlying Factors– E.g., Weather, Government Action, …
– Changes in Factors Affecting Demand • Individual Customers• Market Conditions (General Economy)• Competitive Environment (Competitor Actions)
![Page 15: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 15
Forecasting of Demand Forecasting of Demand Pattern and LevelPattern and Level
• Methods of ForecastingMethods of Forecasting– Historical Data
• Averaging Methods• Exponential Smoothing• Time Series
– Causal Factors• Correlated Products
– Leading Indicators– Source Products– Changes in Competing Products
» Predict and Monitor Competitors, Total Market
![Page 16: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 16
Existing/New Product Existing/New Product ForecastingForecasting
• Forecasting - Historical DataForecasting - Historical Data– Best Fit (Curve Fitting, Least Squares)– Regression (Factors)– Reaction and Damping
• Forecasting - New ProductsForecasting - New Products– Market Surveys
• Size of Market• Degree of Penetration
– “Best Guess”
![Page 17: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 17
Eliminating/Reducing Eliminating/Reducing Demand VariationDemand Variation
• In Demand Pattern and LevelIn Demand Pattern and Level– Add Complementary Products To Line
• Seasonality• Economic Conditions
– Aggregate Planning– Coordinate Marketing and Manufacturing
• Concurrent Efforts (Manufacture and Marketing)
• In Forecast of DemandIn Forecast of Demand– Use Multiple Models to Reduce Risk
• Historical• Correlated Products
![Page 18: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 18
Reacting to Demand Reacting to Demand Variation (1)Variation (1)
• Frequent Recalculation/Reevaluation Frequent Recalculation/Reevaluation • Reduce Risk/UncertaintyReduce Risk/Uncertainty
– Convert Basis of Planning from Prediction to Actual• Customer Relationships (information Sharing)• Incentives for Orders (Pricing)
– Reevaluate Closer to Delivery Date• Shorten Administrative Lead Time• Shorten Production Lead Time
• Shift Problem to SuppliersShift Problem to Suppliers– Add/Reduce Sub-Contracting as Needed
![Page 19: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 19
Reacting to Demand Reacting to Demand Variation (2)Variation (2)
• Eliminate/Reduce Forecast ErrorEliminate/Reduce Forecast Error– Use Strategies for Demand Pattern
Variance Reduction– Improve Forecasting
Models/Methodology
• Forecasting Errors are InevitableForecasting Errors are Inevitable– Accept It– Plan Using Range Rather than Point
Estimates
![Page 20: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 20
Reacting to Demand Reacting to Demand Variation (3)Variation (3)
• Aggregate PlanningAggregate Planning– Earlier, Distributed Production– Varying Delivery Schedules– Varying Pricing/Marketing Strategies
• Varying Capacity Varying Capacity – Labor (Hire/Fire/Subcontract)– Capital Equipment (Sub-Contract,
Make/Buy)
• Maintain InventoriesMaintain Inventories• Maintain Surge CapacityMaintain Surge Capacity
![Page 21: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 9 Topic:Lecture 9 Topic: Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Segment A Topic:Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts Planning Concepts
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENT
![Page 22: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 9 Topic :Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Segment B Topic:Segment B Topic: Aggregate Aggregate Planning and Progress ControlPlanning and Progress Control
![Page 23: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 23
ADVANCED ADVANCED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS DESIGNSYSTEMS DESIGN
Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and Control Planning and Control
Aggregate Planning and Aggregate Planning and Progress ControlProgress Control
![Page 24: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 24
OverviewOverview
• Aggregate PlanningAggregate Planning– Definition and Philosophy– Quantitative Analysis
• Progress ControlProgress Control– Concept– Methods
• MRP• JIT
![Page 25: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 25
Aggregate Planning (1)Aggregate Planning (1)
• Definition - Production Planning Definition - Production Planning using Aggregated Informationusing Aggregated Information– Define General Approach – Feasibility Sought
• PhilosophyPhilosophy– Aggregated Data Displays Less
Variation than Individual Data Patterns– Reduce Size/Complexity of Problem
• Decide to React Rather than Predict/Dictate
![Page 26: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 26
Aggregate Planning (2)Aggregate Planning (2)
Aggregation ProceduresAggregation Procedures– Determine Common Unit of Measure
• Usually Labor and/or Machine Hours• Assumes Complete Substitutability of
Resources• Balance Capacity (of Unit of Measure vs.
Need)• “First Cut” Procedure to Determine
Production Strategy• May or May Not Include Flow Time Analysis
![Page 27: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 27
Aggregate Planning: Aggregate Planning: An LP ApproachAn LP Approach
• Linear Programming ApproachLinear Programming Approach– Determine Aggregation Attribute– Estimate Constraints, Resources
• Estimate Product Requirements/Timing• Estimate Each Product’s Resource
Requirements• Define Availability of Resources
– In-House, SubContract, Breakdowns
• Set Operating Philosophy– Backorders Allowed (0 – X %)– Overtime/Contracting Allowed
![Page 28: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 28
Examples of Examples of ParametersParameters• CapacityCapacity
– Available Hours on Production Centers less Non-Working, less Set-Up, less Scrap Production, Less Breakdowns @ Productivity Level
– Available Hours Determined by Management (2nd, 3rd Shifts, OT, etc.)
– Subcontracting Available
• Resource RequirementsResource Requirements– Labor/Machine Hours per Unit of
Output via BOM, Lead Times– % Scrap, % Set-up Time (Batch Sizing)
![Page 29: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 29
LP FormulationLP Formulation• Objective EquationObjective Equation
– Minimize Cost• Production (Hire/Fire/Overtime/Subcontract)• Inventory/Backorder Costs (Timing)
– Subject To (Constraints)• Not Exceed Available Capacity
– Machine Routings Often Ignored/Lost in the Aggregation (Labor Hours Used)
– Can Do by Machine/Process Type (Assumes Detailed Sequence will be Manageable
• All Demand Met (Feasible Solution Exists)
![Page 30: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 30
Dynamic Programming Dynamic Programming FormulationFormulation
• Wagner-Whitin Algorithm (1960)Wagner-Whitin Algorithm (1960)– Used for Batch Production
• High Set-up Costs• Demand NOT Uniform over Year
– Each Period Evaluated • Should Product be Made this Period (I.e.,
Should a set-up cost be Incurred?)• Balances Inventory Carrying Cost and Set-up
Cost• Once Optimal Sequence Established It is
Independent of Later Demand
– Basis of MRP Concept
![Page 31: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 31
Aggregate Planning Aggregate Planning ProcessProcess
• DrawbacksDrawbacks– Often only One Scenario Considered– All Products Have Same
Backorder/Warehousing Costs, Opportunities
– Little Sensitivity Analysis Performed• Range of Demand
• AdvantagesAdvantages– Simple– Errors Often Offset
![Page 32: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 32
Aggregate Planning - Aggregate Planning - DrawbacksDrawbacks
Problems with LP ApproachProblems with LP Approach– Illusion of Precision
• Precision Function of Estimates/Aggregation
– Definition of Period (Length)– Flow Times/Batch Transition– Resource Constraints
• Assumed May Not be Actual Constraint
– Abstraction of Reality
![Page 33: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 33
Detailed Manufacturing Detailed Manufacturing Release/Progress Release/Progress
ControlControl• Disaggregation of Aggregate Plan Disaggregation of Aggregate Plan
– Controls What Made and When– Provides Guidance to Operating
Personel
• OptionsOptions– Individual Products, Families (GT)– Pre-Planned (Push) – MRP– Dynamic, Real Time (Pull)
• Job Sequencing (Johnson’s Rule, Heuristics)• JIT
![Page 34: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 34
Manufacturing Release/ Manufacturing Release/ Progress Control Progress Control
ProblemsProblems• Aggregate Plan is Never AchievableAggregate Plan is Never Achievable
– Actual Demand Differing from Prediction– Missed Delivery Dates (External)
• Suppliers• Wrong Parts, Poor Quality
– Missed Delivery Dates (Internal)• Breakdowns (Labor or Equipment)• Scrap• Priority Order Disruption• Bad Estimates of Production Time• Lack of Sufficient Skills
![Page 35: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 35
Detailed Manufacturing Detailed Manufacturing PlanningPlanning
• Strategies to Deal with/ Strategies to Deal with/ Eliminate/Reduce VariationEliminate/Reduce Variation– Reduce Inherent Demand, Forecasting
Variation– More Accurate Resource Requirements– Accept Reasonable Variation (Range)– Ignore in Planning, Empower Floor
![Page 36: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 36
Variation During Variation During ProductionProduction• Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce
VariationVariation– Decoupling Line Using Buffer
Inventories– Preventive Maintenance– Improved Supplier Relationships– Penalty Clauses for Missed Delivery– Minimize Priority Interrupts
• Strategies for “Handling” VariationStrategies for “Handling” Variation– Excess or Expand Capacity (OT)– Material, Component Inventories– Shop Floor Control Systems
![Page 37: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 37
Variation in Delivery of Variation in Delivery of ProductProduct
• Sources of VariationSources of Variation– Delivery Mechanism/Reliability– Errors in Routing/Addressing– Wait to Aggregate into Unit
Load/Shipment
• Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce Strategies to Eliminate/Reduce VariationVariation– Quote FOB at Your Site– Bring Delivery In-House– Use More Reliable Transporter/Deliverer
![Page 38: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 9 Topic :Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Segment B Topic:Segment B Topic: Aggregate Aggregate Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
END OF SEGMENTEND OF SEGMENT
![Page 39: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 9 Topic :Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Segment C Topic:Segment C Topic: Release and Release and Progress ControlProgress Control
![Page 40: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 40
OverviewOverview
• Releasing and Progress ControlReleasing and Progress Control
• Manufacturing Requirements Manufacturing Requirements PlanningPlanning
• Just in TimeJust in Time
• Toyota Production SystemToyota Production System
![Page 41: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 41
Releasing MethodsReleasing Methods
• Machine/Cell Scheduling Rules vs. Machine/Cell Scheduling Rules vs. MRP vs. JIT vs. Varying Production MRP vs. JIT vs. Varying Production HoursHours– Function of Type of Production
System/Products• Job Shop => Machine/Cell (Job) Scheduling• Batch => MRP or JIT
– Function of Demand Variation
• Mass Production => Few scheduling Decisions– Vary Hours Facility Works– Rebalance Facility, Output Rate
![Page 42: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 42
Release/Progress Release/Progress ControlControl• MRPMRP
– Centralized– Automated (Computerized)– Adjusted at Fixed Points in Time
(Recalculated)– Key = Time Phased Plan
• JITJIT– Decentralized– Manual (Kanbans)– No Pre-calculation of Release
Times/Dates– Key = Constant Demand, Kanban
Size/Number
![Page 43: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 43
Material Requirements Material Requirements Planning (1)Planning (1)
• Determine Planning PeriodDetermine Planning Period• Determine/Estimate Demand Per PeriodDetermine/Estimate Demand Per Period• Establish Bill of Materials (Gozinto)Establish Bill of Materials (Gozinto)• Determine “Critical Path”Determine “Critical Path”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
LEAD TIME
![Page 44: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 44
Material Requirements Material Requirements Planning (2) Planning (2)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
2
3
5
4 6
7
8
9 10
11
![Page 45: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 45
Material Requirements Material Requirements Planning (3)Planning (3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PRODUCT TO BE MADEAND DELIVERED AFTERPERIOD 10
PRODUCT MADEBEFORE WEEK 10
![Page 46: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 46
Just In Time (1)Just In Time (1)
• Use Parts as NeededUse Parts as Needed• When Kanban Empty, Send UpstreamWhen Kanban Empty, Send Upstream• When Empty Kanban Received, FillWhen Empty Kanban Received, Fill
![Page 47: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 47
Just In Time (2)Just In Time (2)
• Key CalculationsKey Calculations– Number of Kanbans– Size of Kanbans
• Key ParametersKey Parameters– Set Up Time (Short or Use Signal Kanbans)– Receipt Time (Short or Use Signal Kanban)
• Determine Using Linear ProgrammingDetermine Using Linear Programming
![Page 48: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 48
Analysis of Releasing Analysis of Releasing and Progress Controland Progress Control
• Push/Pull -- MRP vs. JITPush/Pull -- MRP vs. JIT– Determining Factors
• Mixed Model Production System• Period to Period Stability of Demand
– Low => JIT– Higher => MRP
• Set-Up/Changeover Requirements, Lot Sizing– Low => JIT– Higher => MRP w.Wagner-Whitin
– Determine Sequencing• Sequence Dependant Time/Cost
![Page 49: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 49
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
• The illustrations on the following The illustrations on the following seven (7) slides are taken from seven (7) slides are taken from Singh, Singh, Systems Approach to Systems Approach to Computer Integrated Design and Computer Integrated Design and ManufacturingManufacturing, John Wiley and , John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, c1996. Sons, New York, New York, c1996. Pages 507, 511-4.Pages 507, 511-4.
![Page 50: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 50
An Integrated GT and An Integrated GT and MRP FrameworkMRP Framework
• Ham, et alHam, et al
![Page 51: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 51
GT - MRP Example (1)GT - MRP Example (1)Minimize CostMinimize Cost
Minimize Production TimeMinimize Production Time
Balance WorkloadsBalance Workloads
![Page 52: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 52
GT - MRP Example (2)GT - MRP Example (2)
![Page 53: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 53
GT - MRP Example (3)GT - MRP Example (3)
![Page 54: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 54
GT - MRP Example (4)GT - MRP Example (4)
![Page 55: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 55
GT - MRP Example (5)GT - MRP Example (5)
![Page 56: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 56
GT - MRP Example (6)GT - MRP Example (6)
![Page 57: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems © 2000 John W. NazemetzSlide 57
Toyota Production Toyota Production SystemSystem
• PhilosophyPhilosophy– Eliminate
• MUDA (Waste)– Defects, Overproduction, Unneeded
Processing, Unneeded Conveyance, Excess Inventory, Unneeded Motions, Delays
• MURA (Uneveness)– Unbalanced Lines (Bottlenecks), Variation
• MURI (Overburdening of Resources)– Provide Surge/Excess Capacity
![Page 58: Advanced Manufacturing Systems Design © 2000 John W. Nazemetz Lecture 9 Topic : Manufacturing Planning and Control Segment A Topic: Planning Concepts.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051416/56649e955503460f94b99a82/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Advanced Manufacturing Advanced Manufacturing Systems DesignSystems Design
© 2000 © 2000 John W. NazemetzJohn W. Nazemetz
Lecture 6 Topic:Lecture 6 Topic: Manufacturing Manufacturing Planning and ControlPlanning and Control
Discussion Topic C:Discussion Topic C: Release and Release and Progress ControlProgress Control
END OF SEGMENT END OF SEGMENT