ADVANCED GRAMMARADVANCED GRAMMAR

Fundamental Ideas

Grammatical Hierarchyy

SentencesSentencesClausesPhrasesPhrasesWordsM h Morphemes

FORM vs FUNCTFORM Function

What it is; how it looks How it functions

What it’s made up ofInternal structure - its

Its privilege of occurrence in terms of position, mobility, & optionalityrelationship to its

constituents

mobility, & optionalityExternal relationship to the next level up on the hierarchy

Functions in the Clause

Subject (S) Verb (V) Object (O) Complement(C) Adverbial (A)Subject (S), Verb (V), Object (O), Complement(C), Adverbial (A)

Someone [S] was laughing [V] loudly [A] in the next room [A].[ ] g g [ ] y [ ] [ ]

My mother [S] usually [A] enjoys [V] parties [O] very much [A].

In 1945 [A] the country [S] became [V] totally independent [C].

I [S] have been [V] in the garden [A] all the time [A]since lunch [A].

Mary [S] gave [V] the visitor [O] a glass of milk [O].

M t l [S] id [V] th b k th i [C]Most people [S] consider [V] these books rather expensive [C], actually.

You [S] must put [V] all the toys [O] upstairs [A] immediately [A].

Grammatical Hierarchyy

Sentences (Simple Compound Complex Compound Complex)Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)

Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)

Phrases (VP NP AdjP AdvP PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)

Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)

Morphemes (Prefixes Roots Suffixes)Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)

Grammatical Hierarchyy• Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)

Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)

Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)

• Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)

• Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)M p ( , , )

Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial

V b N Adj ti Ad b P

Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial

Verb Phrase

Noun Phrase

Adjective Phrase

Adverb Phrase

Prep Phrase

Grammatical Hierarchyy

Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex)( p , p , p , p p )

Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)

Phrases (VP NP AdjP AdvP PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)

Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)

Morphemes (P fi R t S ffi )Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)

Grammatical Hierarchyy

Sentences (Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex)Sentences (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound Complex)

Clauses (SV, SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA)

Phrases (VP NP AdjP Ad P PP)Phrases (VP, NP, AdjP, AdvP, PP)

Words (V, N, Pro, Adj, Adv, Prep, Conj, Det, Aux)

M h Morphemes (Prefixes, Roots, Suffixes)

Seven Clause Patterns:

SV SVO SVOOSVC SVOCSVA SVOASVA SVOA

Clause Patterns

SVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SV

SVOASVA

Two COPULAR verb patterns

Five ACTION verb patterns

CopularVerb PatternspSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)

Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)

assignment has beenfun

Red Robin is restaurant

anginteresting

d

SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)

Red Robin is the closest restaurant. (Predicate Nominative)

assignment has beenfun

interesting

and

cc

Red Robin is restaurant

Copular Verb PatternspSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVC This writing assignment has been fun and interesting. (Predicate Adjectives)

All I want for Christmas is my two front teeth. (Predicate Nominative)

Someone will be there.SVA

Someone will be there.

Jamie has recently been in her room.SVA

Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVMy husband, my children, and I will be praying for your grandfather.

husband

will be praying

husband

I

children

and

grandfather

Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVO Hazel ate a hamburger and some fries.

hamburgerHazel ate

fries

and

Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVOO Mrs. Zimmerman brought Sylvia a bunch of daisies.

Mrs. Zimmerman brought bunch

Sylvia daisies

Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVOC The sixth grade class elected James their representative.

SVOC Carl found the Smithsonian’s displays of aviation artifacts SVOCinformative.

class elected James representative displaysCarl found informativeclass elected James representative displaysCarl found informative

Action Verb PatternsSVOOSVOC

SVOSVC

SVSVOCSVOA

SVCSVA

SVOA Caroline put some sunblock on her nose.