Advanced Google Scholar - Smithsonian...
Transcript of Advanced Google Scholar - Smithsonian...
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AdvancedGoogleScholar
DanielMRussellJanuary,2017lGoogle,MountainView,CA
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Scholar:Normaluse} What’sinScholar?
} asimplewaytobroadlysearchthroughscholarlyliterature.Fromoneplace,youcansearchacrossmanydisciplinesandsources:arHcles,theses,books,abstractsandcourtopinions,fromacademicpublishers,professionalsocieHes,onlinerepositories,universiHesandotherwebsites.
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Quickstart…FindingScholar} D’oh[GoogleScholar]
} Or…Scholar.Google.com
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*Tryitout….Whatdoyouwanttosearchfor?
} SearchforyourfavoritescholarlyarHcle:} suggesHon:[ecologyofYosemite]
} Andnow…canyoufindthefull-textofthatarHcle?
} Exploreabit:
} Note:WhatdoScholarhitslooklike?} Note:CanyoufindatopicthathasNOScholarlyliterature?
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WhatisGoogleScholar?} Indexesthescholarlyliterature} searchacrossmanydisciplines} searchforarHcles,theses,books,abstracts,courtopinionsfrom:} Academicpublishers,professionalsocieHes,onlinerepositories,universiHesandotherwebsites
} SomearHclesarelinkedtolibraryresourcesifyouworkoncampus(andhavealinkresolver)
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Coverage} WeindexresearcharHclesandabstractsfrommostmajoracademicpublishersandrepositoriesworldwide,
includingbothfreeandsubscripHonsources.TocheckcurrentcoverageofaspecificsourceinGoogleScholar,searchforasampleoftheirarHcleHtlesinquotes.
} Whilewetrytobecomprehensive,itisn'tpossibletoguaranteeuninterruptedcoverageofanyparHcularsource.WeindexarHclesfromsourcesalloverthewebandlinktothesewebsitesinoursearchresults.Ifoneofthesewebsitesbecomesunavailabletooursearchrobotsortoalargenumberofwebusers,wehavetoremoveitfromGoogleScholarunHlitbecomesavailableagain.
} That'susuallybecauseweindexmanyofthesepapersfromotherwebsites,suchasthewebsitesoftheirprimarypublishers.The"site:"operatorcurrentlyonlysearchestheprimaryversionofeachpaper.
} Thatsaid,thebestwaytocheckcoverageofaspecificsourceistosearchforasampleoftheirpapersusingtheHtleofthepaper.
} Weindexpapers,notjournals.ScholaralsocoversuniversiHes,researchgroups,proteins,seminalbreakthroughs,andotherdimensionsthatareofinteresttousers.AllsuchquesHonsarebestansweredbysearchingforastaHsHcalsampleofpapersthathasthepropertyofinterest-journal,author,protein,etc.Manycoveragecomparisonsareavailableifyousearchfor[allinHtle:"googlescholar"],butsomeofthemaremorestaHsHcallyvalidthanothers.
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Howtogettoadvancedsearch…
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SearchinsideofScholar…} NoparHalstringmatch
} “consequence”works,butdoesn’tmatchto“consequences”or“consequen*”
} WHATTHISMEANS:Makesureyourspellingiscorrectifyouquote!
} Spell-correcHononfull-alert
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SearchinsideofScholar…} WhenlookingforaHtle,putthepaperHtleinquotes:
} “SurfacecirculaHonintheSouthChinaSea”
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Scholaroperators:author:intitle:} author:”dknuth”orauthor:”DonaldEKnuth”
} inHtle:decline
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Usingsite:operator
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Otheroperators
} Minus(toexcludeterms)
} OR(togiveexactsynonyms)
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SortingTips:Datevs.Relevance
} You'llodengetbeeerresultsifyousearchonlyrecentarHcles,butsHllsortthembyrelevance,notbydate.E.g.,click"Since2013"intheledsidebarofthesearchresultspage.
} ToseetheabsolutelynewestarHclesfirst,click"Sortbydate"inthesidebar.
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Waystobrowse….1.UseScholarAlerts2.Checkthebellwhenit’sred3.Lookatrelated
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Findingrecentpapers} Yoursearchresultsarenormallysortedbyrelevance,notbydate.TofindnewerarHcles,trythefollowingopHonsintheledsidebar:
} click"SinceYear"toshowonlyrecentlypublishedpapers,sortedbyrelevance;
} click"Sortbydate"toshowjustthenewaddiHons,sortedbydate;
} clicktheenvelopeicontohavenewresultsperiodicallydeliveredbyemail.
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Locatingthefull-textofanarticle} AbstractsarefreelyavailableformostofthearHcles.ReadingtheenHrearHclemayrequireasubscripHon.OpHons:} clickalinklabeled[PDF]totherightofthesearchresult} click"Allversions"underthesearchresultandcheckoutthe
alternaHvesources;} click"RelatedarHcles"or"Citedby"underthesearchresultto
exploresimilararHcles.} Ifyou'reaffiliatedwithauniversity,butdon'tseelinkssuchas
"FindIt@Harvard",pleasecheckwithyourlocallibraryaboutthebestwaytoaccesstheironlinesubscripHons.Youmayneedtodosearchfromacomputeroncampus,ortoconfigureyourbrowsertousealibraryproxy.
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Gettingbetteranswers:1} Ifyou'renewtothesubject,itmaybehelpfultopickuptheterminology
fromsecondarysources.E.g.,aWikipediaarHclefor"overweight"mightsuggestaScholarsearchfor"pediatrichyperalimentaHon".
} Ifthesearchresultsaretoospecificforyourneeds,checkoutwhatthey'reciHngintheir"References"secHons.Referencedworksareodenmoregeneralinnature.
} Similarly,ifthesearchresultsaretoobasicforyou,click"Citedby"toseenewerpapersthatreferencedthem.Thesenewerpaperswillodenbemorespecific.
} Explore!There'srarelyasingleanswertoaresearchquesHon.Click"RelatedarHcles"or"Citedby"toseecloselyrelatedwork,orsearchforauthor'snameandseewhatelsetheyhavewrieen.
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Don’tforgetthesuggestions!} Attheboeomofthepage
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✺Challenge:FindascholarlypaperaboutYellowFever…..
} Find…apaperfrom1823aboutYellowFever…
} LearnsomethingabouthowYellowFeverinvadedBrooklynHeights,NYduringthelastgreatyellowfeverinvasion.
} WhatwasthemostinfectedpartofBrooklynHeights?
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Scholar now contains legal opinions as well
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Changetypehere
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Legalcoverage} Whichcourtopinionsdoyouinclude?
} Currently,GoogleScholarallowsyoutosearchandreadpublishedopinionsofUSstateappellateandsupremecourtcasessince1950,USfederaldistrict,appellate,taxandbankruptcycourtssince1923andUSSupremeCourtcasessince1791.InaddiHon,itincludescitaHonsforcasescitedbyindexedopinionsorjournalarHcleswhichallowsyoutofindinfluenHalcases(usuallyolderorinternaHonal)whicharenotyetonlineorpubliclyavailable.
} LegalopinionsinGoogleScholarareprovidedforinformaHonalpurposesonlyandshouldnotbereliedonasasubsHtuteforlegaladvicefromalicensedlawyer.GoogledoesnotwarrantthattheinformaHoniscompleteoraccurate.
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Classic case law } f
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Select courts you want to search } f
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✺Challenge…} CanyoufindtheSupremeCourtdecisionwherecorporaHonsweregrantedpersonhood-likerights?
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Currentdrawbacks} Lackofaneasywaytolookforimportantlegalissuesinacase(KeycitefromWestLaw)
} specificissuesandauthoriHeswhichserveasthebasisfortheruling,andindexestheminasummaryatthestartofthecase
} NowaytoShepardizecases} ShepardsCitaHonServiceisaLexistoolwhichenablesaresearchertoquicklydeterminewhetherornotacaseissHllgoodlaw.(manuallyrevieweachoftheresults)
} Federalcaselawgoesback80years
} Statecaselawgoesback50years28
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Finding experts: Scholar is also a handy source of email addresses & expertise
} f
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Scholarlinkstolibrary:WorldCat} ForlibrariesthathavetheirholdingslistedinOCLC'sOpenWorldCat,wehavealinkforeachGoogleScholarbookresultthatleadstotheOpenWorldCatdatabasewhereuserscanfindthebookinalocallibrary.
} Howdoesitwork?AllusersofGoogleScholarwillseea'LibrarySearch'linkforbookresults.ClickingonthislinkwilldirectthemtotheWorldCatsystemwhichwillallowthemtofindalistofnearbylibrariesthathavethedesiredbook.
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Linkresolvers} TheopHontoincludealinkfortheirpatronstotheirresourcesasapartoftheGoogleScholarsearchresults.
} Howdoesitwork?On-campususersatparHcipaHngschoolsseeaddiHonallinksinGoogleScholarsearchresultswhichgiveaccesstotheirlibrary'sresources.Theselinksleadtothelibrary'sserverswhich,inturn,directthemtothefull-textofthearHcle.
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SearchinginScholar} Example:[coralbleaching]
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Limitbysite:} f
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Scholartricks&features
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AdvancedScholarSearch} Havetodoasearchfirst…
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} f
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Authorsearch} AuthorsearchisoneofthemosteffecHvewaystofindaspecificpaper.Ifyouknowwhowrotethepaper
you'relookingfor,youcansimplyaddtheirlastnametoyoursearchterms.
Forexample:Thesearch[friedmanregression]returnspapersonthesubjectofregressionwrieenbypeoplenamedFriedman.Ifyouwanttosearchonanauthor'sfullname,orlastnameandiniHals,enterthenameinquotes:["jhfriedman"].Whenawordisbothaperson'snameandacommonnoun,youmightwanttousethe"author:"operator.Thisoperatoronlyaffectsthesearchtermthatimmediatelyfollowsit,andtheremustbenospacebetween"author:"andyoursearchterm.
Forexample:[author:flowers]returnspaperswrieenbypeoplewiththenameFlowers,whereas[flowers-author:flowers]returnspapersaboutflowers,andignorespaperswrieenbypeoplewiththenameFlowers(aminusinfrontofasearchtermexcludesresultsthatcontainthissearchterm).
Youmayusetheoperatorwithanauthor'sfullnameinquotestofurtherrefineyoursearch.TrytouseiniHalsratherthanfullfirstnames,becausesomesourcesindexedinGoogleScholaronlyprovidetheiniHals.
Forexample:TofindpapersbyDonaldE.Knuth,youcouldtry[author:"dknuth"],[author:"deknuth"],or[author:"donaldeknuth"].
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Publicationrestrict(ThisopHonisonlyavailableontheAdvancedScholarSearchpage.)ApublicaHon-restrictedsearchonlyreturnsresultswithspecificwordsfromaspecificpublicaHon.
Forexample:IfyouwanttosearchtheJournalofFinanceforarHclesaboutmutualfunds,youmightstartlikethis:
Keepinmind,however,thatpublicaHon-restrictedsearchesmaybeincomplete.GoogleScholargathersbibliographicaldatafrommanysources,includingautomaHcallyextracHngitfromtextandcitaHons.ThisinformaHonmaybeincompleteorevenincorrect;manypreprints,forinstance,don'tsaywhere(orevenwhether)thearHclewasulHmatelypublished.
Ingeneral,publicaHon-restrictedsearchesareeffecHveifyou'recertainofwhatyou'relookingfor,butthey‘reodennarrowerthanyoumightexpect.
Forinstance:YoumightfindthatasearchacrossallpublicaHonsfor[mutualfunds]givesmoreusefulresultsthanamorespecificsearchfor"funds"onlyintheJournalofFinance.
Finally,bearinmindthatonejournalcanbespelledseveralways(e.g.,JournalofBiologicalChemistryisodenabbreviatedasJBiolChem),soyoumayneedtotryseveralspellingsofagivenpublicaHoninordertogetcompletesearchresults.
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AdvancedsearchinScholar} GoogleScholaralsosupportsmostoftheadvancedoperatorsinGooglewebsearch:
} the"+"operatormakessureyourresultsincludecommonwords,leeersornumbersthatGoogle'ssearchtechnologygenerallyignores,asin[+deknuth]
} the"-"operatorexcludesallresultsthatincludethissearchterm,asin[flowers-author:flowers]
} phrasesearchonlyreturnsresultsthatincludethisexactphrase,asin["asyoulikeit"]
} the"OR"operatorreturnsresultsthatincludeeitherofyoursearchterms,asin[stockcallORput]
} the"inUtle:"operatorasin[inHtle:mars]onlyreturnsresultsthatincludeyoursearchterminthedocument'sHtle.
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Scholarpreferences
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AddingScholartoyourwebsite} hep://scholar.google.com/scholar/searchbox/
} AllowsGoogleScholarsearchesw/oleavingyouracademicwebsite
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Scholarnowcontainslegalopinionsaswell
} fulltextoflegalopinionsissuedbystateandfederalcourts
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Changetypehere
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Demo} f
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Currentdrawbacks} Lackofaneasywaytolookforimportantlegalissuesinacase(KeycitefromWestLaw)
} specificissuesandauthoriHeswhichserveasthebasisfortheruling,andindexestheminasummaryatthestartofthecase
} NowaytoShepardizecases} ShepardsCitaHonServiceisaLexistoolwhichenablesaresearchertoquicklydeterminewhetherornotacaseissHllgoodlaw.(manuallyrevieweachoftheresults)
} Federalcaselawgoesback80years
} Statecaselawgoesback50years45
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ScholarCitations} scholar.google.com/citaHons
} Example:hep://scholar.google.com/citaHons?user=3iDBE-MAAAAJ&hl=en
} Example(Feynman):hep://scholar.google.com/citaHons?user=B7vSqZsAAAAJ&hl=en
} MYCitaHons:hep://scholar.google.com/citaHons?hl=en&user=g6Tz2QwAAAAJ
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HowtogettoScholarProTile} f
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} f
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Patents.Google.com
} USPTOandEU
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} AdvSearchinPatents
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Demo} [ininventor:brininassignee:google]
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Scholar:“Justscholarlypapers”…but…
} ~1.8millionpapersin~28,000journals} WhatfracHonofthosejournalsare“vampire”journals?} WhatfracHonofthosearHclesareread?
Example:TheInternaHonalJournalofAdvancedComputerTechnology
hep://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/25/journal-accepts-paper-requesHng-removal-from-mailing-list
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