Advanced GIS Operations - IN.gov
Transcript of Advanced GIS Operations - IN.gov
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Address Geocoding
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Outline
• Definitions • Data • Address Locators • Geocoding • Demonstration
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• An address is simply a method used to describe and reference a location • A location is based on an existing feature in a GIS database. • A location can be a street address (9609 College Ave) • Place-name (Indianapolis) • A specific location that has been identified and/or defined (9609 College Ave, Indianapolis, IN 46280)
What is an address? (from a GIS perspective)
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An ESRI tool used to execute the geocoding process within the ArcGIS environment.
• Can be built by any user • Built using location data • Standardized address search
What is Geocoding?
Geocoding is the process of transforming a description —such as a pair of coordinates, an address, or a name of a place—to a location on the earth's surface. (ESRI)
Address Locator Find Locations
Creates Points
Address Locator
Addresses
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Understanding Data Sources Used for creating locators (geocoding)
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Represents the address location • May be a point near to an exact location (Option A)
Roof-top accuracy Driveway/entrance Parcel Centroid
• May be approximate (Option B) Interpolated from a street segment Zip Code or Place centroid (Option C)
Point Data 200 298
201 299 W College Ave
250 W College Ave
Town of Yorktown
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Where does point data come from?
• Collaboration between county governments and the state • Data originates at the county • The state regularly harvests county data for integration into a single dataset.
• Currently over 3 million address points in the GIO dataset • GIO is not complete • TIGER Data is used where county data missing
Original County Data
State Harvested
Data
GIO SDE Library
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• Locator updated last fall • https://gis.in.gov/arcgis/services (State) • Currently being updated again •Location data has multiple errors
“Cleaning up” Data (AKA: Locator)
Errors: No data Incomplete Data Unusable Data Varied standardization
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Improving Point Data
• Addresses are reformatted Use an in house algorithm (ISDH) developed for our GeoRunner web service
•Not all addresses standardize well Addresses with ½ Streets with odd names
• Reformatted data is checked for accuracy
Standardized data = better address locator
The Standardization Process
19544 Lake Site Drive
Improves address matching rate
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47304 (Muncie)
47396 (Yorktown)
Finding missing Data • Spatial join with the county parcels (property address) • Spatial join with census ZCTA (Zip Code Tabulated Area) data (2010) • When ZCTA data is used the USPS preferred city is assigned • Time management: Unusable data is deleted • Usable data goes through the reformatting process •Additional Information
Enhancing Point Data
Alternate city names (Speedway) Alternate zip code names (Town of Yorktown)
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Understanding Street Data (Option B)
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Street segments • Split at each intersection. • Contain and address range • Locator interpolates the point • Comes from current TIGER data • Can have direction (to or from)
Some required fields • From Left • To Left • From Right • To Right • Street Name
What is Street Data?
200 298
201 299 W College Ave
250 W College Ave
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• Have a primary reference table with x,y data. • Created in ArcCatalog from a variety of styles. • Style depends on the attributes in the primary reference table. • Reference fields are set using the field map. • Made from a variety of data types • Accuracy depends on the primary table
Creating an Address Locator
Address locators also contain projection information!
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Address Locators
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Composite Locator
• Contains multiple locators • Allows for more address matching types. • Order is important…the locators are searched from the top down. • Once an address is matched searching stops for that address.
No match found address passed to next locator
No match found address passed to next locator
No match found address passed to next locator
Match found
Match found
Match found
No match found Find tool can show all possible candidates
Match found
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$$$$$ • Current cost for batch geocoding (ArcGIS online) is $40/10,000 • In House = unlimited batch geocoding • The ISDH geocodes ~ 5 million addresses in one year! • Savings of $20,000 based on current rates • ISDH is one agency • Multiple agencies & users = you do the math $$$$$ • Can make custom locator (ISDH Facilities) • https://gis.in.gov/arcgis/services (State)
Why all the work? Geocoding Addresses
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Now for geocoding…
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Parts needed for geocoding
Dataset With
addresses Address Locator
Point Feature
Class
Locator
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Add the address table to
the map
Choose the Address Locator
Set the geocoding parameters
Adjust geocoding
parameters
Match the Addresses
Address Matching Process
Geocoding can be done from ArcCatalog or ArcMap.
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Geocoding Toolbar
Customize Toolbars Geocoding • Shows available address locators • Use ArcGIS Online or local locators • https://gis.in.gov/arcgis/services (State) • Can use the Map Extent to limit search • Quick way to search and view single address
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Can be any database table Common formats are:
.xls, .xlsx,
.dbf,
.txt, .csv
.mdb tables Oracle tables
Table of Addresses
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Right-click Geocode Addresses
Start Geocoding
Check Parameters
Choose Address Locator • State (https://gis.in.gov/arcgis/services) • Local • Custom • ArcGIS On Line
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Parameters • Select the address table • Choose Address Input Fields • Defaults parameters will be set…they can be changed • Advanced Geometry: Sets projection • Geocoding Options:
Offsets set at 0 Check () X and Y coordinates Check () Reference data ID if needed Composite: Parameters set for each locator Match ties only needed for street segments
Geocoded feature class will have points only for matches
and ties Some records will not have
corresponding points because of errors in the data
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Unmatched Addresses
Unmatched addresses can be matched manually
Some records may not be matched due to data entry errors !!!
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Questions???
Address Geocoding Contact GIO Office