Advanced Fire Alarming System Through Mobile Phone

8/17/2019 Advanced Fire Alarming System Through Mobile Phone

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ADVANCED FIRE ALARMING SYSTEM

THROUGH MOBILE PHONE

APROJECT BY

SOUNAK SARKAR

SAYAN DAS

ARINDAM BOSE

ECE, 4TH YEAROF

FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We wish to thank Prof. Somnath Maiti , former Head of the Dept. of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his valuable suggestionsand advices throughout the project that helped us a lot to sort out all theproblems.

We would like to thank Prof. Debashis Chakraborty , Head of theDept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

We are grateful to other honorable faculty of our college to prop upconfidence level and motivating me throughout the process, that help us

to move ahead towards the completion of the project.We also acknowledge Birla Industrial and Technological Museum

with thanks for selecting our model for demonstration in Science andEngineering Fair, 2012.

SOUNAK SARKARSAYAN DASARINDAM BOSE


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ABSTRACT

Cultural property management is entrusted with the responsibility of

protecting and preserving an institution's buildings, collections, operationsand occupants. Constant attention is required to minimize adverse impactdue to climate, pollution, theft, vandalism, insects, mold and fire. Becauseof the speed and totality of the destructive forces of fire, it constitutes oneof the more serious threats. Vandalized or environmentally damagedstructures can be repaired and stolen objects recovered. Items destroyedby fire, however, are gone forever. An uncontrolled fire can obliterate anentire room's contents within a few minutes and completely burn out a

building in a couple hours.

The first step toward halting a fire is to properly identify the incident,raise the occupant alarm, and then notify emergency responseprofessionals. This is often the function of the fire detection and alarmsystem. Several system types and options are available, depending on thespecific characteristics of the protected space.

The following project presents an overview of fire detection andautomatic fire alert to the emergency response professionals.


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Table of Contents

Chapters Page no.

1. INTRODUCTION 41.1. AVAILABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS 41.2. AUTOMATION IN FIRE ALERT IN OUR SYSTEM 5

2. PROJECT DESIGN METHODOLOGY 62.1. ALGORITHM 62.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM 72.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 82.4. GENERATION OF PCM SOUND 9

3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION 103.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC 103.2. 74LS373 OCTAL D-TYPE TRI-STATE TRANSPARENT LATCH 113.3. LM35 PRECISION CENTIGRADE TEMPERATURE SENSORS 12

4. ADVANTAGES 13

5. PRICE LIST 14

6. CONCLUSION 15

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 15


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1. INTRODUCTION

An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwantedpresence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated withcombustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as eitherautomatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarmsystems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in theevent of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premiseslocation in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare thestructure and associated systems to control the spread of fire.

A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fireemergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's occupants andfire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarmsystems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use type,number and type of occupants and criticality of contents and mission,these systems can provide several main functions.

1.1. AVAILABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMSThere are some fire alarms available in the market. They often are used in various areas. Some

of them are:1. Manual Call Point2. Single Action Pull Station3. Activated Call Point4. Honeywell Speaker5. Fire Alarm With a Strobe Light6. Street Fire Alarm


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They are as shown in pictures below,

Fig. 1: Manual Call Point Fig. 2: Single Action Pull Station Fig. 3: Activated Call Point

Fig. 4: Honeywell Speaker Fig. 5: Fire Alarm with a Strobe Light Fig.6: Street Fire Alarm

The main faults of these systems are,• Most of these technologies are manual, i.e. if there is a fire incident, we have to ring the

alarm bell manually to aware the concerned Authority and Fire-station.•

If there be a fire incident in a remote place where there is no one to aware the Fire-station,it will be a great loss.

• In general Automated Fire Alarming System, there must be a Computer installed. So cost ismuch higher.

1.2. AUTOMATION IN FIRE ALERT IN OUR SYSTEM• This system is a typical Fire Alarming system with great efficiency and advancement.

• When It will detect that there is fire nearby by measuring the temperature, it will callconcerned authority or Fire-station automatically, so that action can be taken rapidly.

• It will also switch on other fire extinguishing system installed on the premises.


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2. PROJECT DESIGN METHODOLOGY2.1. ALGORITHM

Fig.7: Algorithm When +5v power supply is given to the microcontroller, temperature sensor and display, the

circuit starts to function. Data is collected from the temperature sensor; this data is fed into theADC located in the MCU and hence converted into digital value and sent to the display unit, wherewe can see the temperature. When the temperature is above the danger limit it will activate thecall processing by the attached mobile phone, as well as it will switch on other fire extinguishingcircuit.

Measure Temperature

Start

Is Temperaturehigher than

Danger limit?

Call Intended Authority or Fire Station

Switch on Installed Fire Extinguishing System


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2.2. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.8: Block Diagram

The heart of the project is the microcontroller. There is a temperature sensor, here we have usedLM35, precision centigrade temperature sensor. The MCU will have ADC inbuilt. The display unitcan be a 7 segment display or an LCD display. The mobile can be of any type of GSM module inbuilt.And the Fire Extinguishing System is the other logically controllable Fire Extinguishing System.

TemperatureSensor

Microcontroller

Display PowerSupply

Sender

Switch on Fire Extinguishing System

Receiver


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2.3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.9: Circuit Diagram


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2.4. GENERATION OF PCM SOUND

In this project we have arranged such a system, where the alarm receiving party through mobilephone will experience an alarming voice, which will say the emergency message as well as the fire-affected address. This is essential for a fire alarming system because a simple call or a missed calldoes not alert the intended person effectively. So we decided to play an emergency voice message.This voice message is nothing but digital PCM values to a phone speaker which are stored in thesame microcontroller used here. But our voice is an analog signal. So these PCM values aregenerated in following process.

Step 1: Generate a 32-bit voice file through recording media or by Text-to-Speech Converter.

Step 2: Convert the 32-bit voice file to a 8-bit, PCM Uncompressed, 8000 Hz, Mono channel File.

Step 3: Now this file is converted to an array of PCM values.

Now these values are ready to use. These values can be stored in the microcontroller and can beconverted again to analog voltage level and can be fed to the mobile microphone and hence can beplayed through the phone.


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3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

3.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC

The ATmega16 is a 40 pin low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhancedRISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achievesthroughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designers to optimize powerconsumption versus processing speed.

The Atmega16 has three key features that satisfy our objective. These are as follows:- 512 Bytes EEPROM 32 Programmable I/O Lines 8 bit multi-channel analog-to-digital converter

Fig.10: ATmega16 Fig.11: Pin Description of ATmega16


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3.2. 74LS373 OCTAL D-TYPE TRI-STATETRANSPARENT LATCH

These 8-bit registers feature totem-pole TRI-STATE outputs designed specifically for drivinghighly-capacitive or relatively low-impedance loads.Features:

Switching specifications at 50 pF. Switching specifications guaranteed over full temperature and VCC range. Advanced oxide-isolated, ion-implanted Schottky TTL process. Functionally and pin for pin compatible with LS TTL counterpart. Improved AC performance over LS373 at approximately half the power. TRI-STATE buffer-type outputs drive bus lines directly.

Fig.12: Connection Diagram of 74LS373


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3.3. LM35 PRECISION CENTIGRADETEMPERATURE SENSORS

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage islinearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature.

Features: Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade). Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor. 0.5°C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25°C). Rated for full −55° to +150°C range. Suitable for remote applications. Low cost due to wafer-level trimming.

Operates from 4 to 30 volts. Less than 60 μA current drain. Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air. Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4°C typical. Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load.


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4. ADVANTAGESThis design has some advantages:

1. A complete solution to alarming system.2. High precision, rapid action can be taken.3. Small size, easy to install.4. No computer is needed, so cost is very low.5. Low power consumption.6. Secondary backup power supply from battery.7. High temperature withstanding capability.

8. Easily incorporable to other alarming systems.9. Fully automated, least man power is needed.


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5. PRICE LIST

This is the price of only one module. This excludes the price of the GSM Mobile phone. One can useany GSM mobile phone he/she chooses. So the total price of the design depends on the price of theMobile phone. It can be noted that maximum 8 numbers of this alarming module can be connectedto a single mobile phone at a time through a priority encoder.

No . Part’s Name Quantity Price in INR.

1 Microcontroller IC: ATMEGA16 + 40 Pin Base 1+1 ` 150+ ` 5

2 Latch IC: 74HCT373 + 20 Pin Base 2+2 ` 20+ ` 6

3 Voltage Regulator IC: 7805 1 ` 8

4 Temperature Sensor IC: LM35 1 ` 40

5 Resistance: 150Ω + 1kΩ 15+1 ` 3+ ` 0.50

6 Capacitors: 1000 pF + 10 µF/63V 2+2 `

1 + `

27 Transformer: 15V/750 mA in secondary 1 ` 60

8 Diodes: (1N4007) 4 ` 4

9 7 segment Display 3 ` 24

10 LEDs: Red 2 ` 2

11 Connecting wires ` 3

12 Vero Board 1 ` 25

13 1.5 V Battery + Battery Holder 4+1 ` 28+ ` 20

14 Casing + Screws ` 20

Total ` 430 - ` 450 only.


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6. CONCLUSION • We have made provisions for a single call to be forwarded to the emergency response

officials. In Future more than one call can be initiated to the concerned authorities

• Our system is designed to forward an emergency call in response to a fire to the concernedfirefighting officials. In future SMS technology can be incorporated.

• The accuracy and speed of operation can be upgraded by using sensors of higher sensitivity.

• The speed of operation can be increased by using high speed microcontroller and otherintegrated components used.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHYWe have consulted some websites for this project. These are

http://www.google.com http://www.wikipedia.org http://www.datasheetcatalog.com http://www.alldatasheets.com http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com
http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com/http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com/http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com/http://www.alldatasheets.com/http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.com/

Advanced Fire Alarming System Through Mobile Phone

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