Advanced effluent treatment process

8/19/2019 Advanced effluent treatment process

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Seminar on

Advanced Effluent Treatment Process

Presented By : Paras R. Bharucha

Guided By : Mr. Vishal Thakre


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Importance Of Water

• Water is one of the most important resources

• primary cause for the origin of life on earth planet.

• Life is not possible on this planet without water.

• Water is an essential production factor in agriculture, both for crops and for livestock.

• Industries that produce metals, wood, paper, chemicals, gasoline, oils, and most otherfood products all use water in some part of their production process.

Need of ETP• Water is basic necessity of life used for many purposes one of which is industrial

use.

• Industries generally take water from rivers or lakes but they have to pay heavy taxes

for that.

• So it’s necessary for them to recycle that to reduce cost and also conserve it.

• ain function of !"# is to clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use.

• any manufacturing industries produce their products with using water. With their

products industries produce wastewater, otherwise known as effluent , which can be

removed with the help of an !ffluent "reatment #lant $!"#%.

• anufacturers face strict regulations on discharge and waste. !ffluent from

industries must meet the &ational !ffluent 'ischarge (uality Standards $&!'(S%set by the )overnment.


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Design of ETP

• "he design and si*e of the !"# will depending on the +uantity and +uality of the industriesdischarge effluent.

• "he amount of land available for that plant.

• mount of money available for construction ,operation and maintenance.

• "he area needed for an !"# depends mostly on the +uality of wastewater to be treated, flowrate, the type of biological treatment to be used and the orientation of different treatment units.

• If we reduce the re+uired land area then will re+uire extra pumps and piping, and strongertank walls, so construction costs may be higher for tall structures

• &ational Standards for waste water !ffluent from industries must meet the national effluentdischarge +uality standards set by the )overnment.

• -onse+uently any !"# must be designed and operated in such a way that it treats thewastewater to these standards.

• "he regulations state that these +uality standards must be ensured from the moment of goinginto trial production for industrial units.

• "hey also state that the 'epartment of !nvironment can undertake spot checks at any time andthe pollution levels must not exceed these +uality standards.

• "he +uality standards may be enforced in a more stringent manner if considered necessary inview of the environmental conditions of a particular situation.

• "he waste discharge +uality standards differ according to the point of disposal.

Source:

1. Central Pollution Control Board Pollution Control Acts Rules and Noti ications issued thereunder. Fourth edition . 35835!. Ne"


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Flow cart for ETP

aidev Singh, .Sc. -hemistry, ..odi -ollege, #atiala, /01/ 2 !ffluent "reatment #lant3 'esign, 4peration and nalysis of Waste Water.


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Treatment !etods " Procedure of Effluent Treatment

Process

• In !"# an !ffluent can be treated in a number of different ways depending on the

level of treatment re+uired. "hese levels are known as preliminary, primary,secondary and tertiary $or advanced#.

• "he mechanisms for treatment can be divided into three broad categories3 physical,

chemical and biological, which all include a number of different processes . any of

these processes will be used together in a single treatment plant.

ohn -oppen, 5achelor of !ngineering $-ivil%, 6niversity of Southern (ueensland


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Preliminar$ Treatment level

-ommon physical unit operations are screening, sedimentation, clarification.

In screening process a screen with openings of uniform si*e is used to remove

large solids such as plastics, cloth etc.. aximum 10mm shall be used.

Sedimentation process is a physical water treatment process using gravity to

remove suspended solids from water.

7iltration is a physical operation which is used for separation of solids from fluids.

Primar$ Treatment %evel 8emoval of floating and settle2able materials such as suspended solids andorganic matter by physical and chemical methods.

&emical unit processes'( -hemical unit processes are always used with

physical operations and may also be used with biological treatment processes.

-hemical processes use the addition of chemicals to the wastewater to bring

about changes in its +uality. "hey include p9 control, coagulation, chemical precipitation and oxidation.

p) &ontrol'( It is necessary to ad:ust the p9 in the treatment process to make

the wastewater p9 neutral. ;arious chemicals are used for p9 control. 7or

acidic wastes $low p9% sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium

carbonate or calcium hydroxide, may be added among other things. 7or alkali

wastes $high p9% sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid may be added.ohn -oppen, 5achelor of !ngineering $-ivil%, 6niversity of Southern (ueensland


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icro filtration• 7iltration by particle si*e.

• 8emoves e.g. colloidal silica, oil emulsion.

• 6sed for wastewater treatment.• embrane si*e 0.1 6sed for partial desalination.

> 8emoves e.g. sucrose, egg albumin.

> 6sed for blood osmosis, blood filtration, water purification.

> embrane si*e 10 ? 2 0.001 filtration process used for complete desalination.

> 6sed for blood osmosis, blood filtration, water purification.

> embrane si*e 10 ? 2 0.001


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6ltra filtration

• Selectively filters only molecules of a specified si*e and weight.

> 8emoves e.g. various viruses.> 6sed for sterili*ation, clarification, wastewater treatment.

> embrane si*e 1 ? 2 0.01


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!lectro dialysis

• "his is a process in which electrically charged membranes are used to separate ions from

water solutions by the effect of a difference of electric potential.• "he electro dialysis group may contain, depending on the type of application, up to C00

cationic and anionic membranes, which visually are very similar to a filter press.

• "his process may be convenient for very high concentrations $between 0.= and 1 gram per

litre%.

• In the treatment of industrial outflows it is still a little developed technology3 its first

applications are in fact in metal finishing for the recovery of metals.

• Increasing the pore si*e of the membrane has a marked effect on the performance of the

membrane and the +uality of the filtered effluent, or permeate.

• icrofiltration membranes will essentially re:ect particulate matter, whilst reverse osmosis

membranes are capable of re:ecting macromolecular fractions, such as dissolved salts.

•

"he ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes have pore si*es such that allow water andmost solute species to pass through the membrane whilst other larger species, such as

solids and microorganisms, are retained.

• One of the main features of MBR technology is the ability of themembrane to remove pathogenic organisms, providing disinfection ofthe euent.

•

This is particularly important when considering reuse options. Themembrane oers a physical barrier to the organisms that is unaectedohn -oppen, 5achelor of !ngineering $-ivil%, 6niversity of Southern (ueensland


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Secondar$ Treatment %evel'(

5iological and chemical processes are involved in this level.

• 5iological treatment is an important and integral part of any wastewater treatment

plant that treats wastewater from either municipality or industry having soluble

organic impurities or a mix of the two types of wastewater sources.

• "he ob:ective of biological treatment of industrial wastewater is to remove, or reduce

the concentration of, organic and inorganic compounds.

• 5iological treatment plants must be carefully managed as they use live

microorganisms to digest the pollutants.

5iological unit process

Aero*ic and Anaero*ic Processes

• erobic, as the title suggests, means in the presence of air $oxygen%D while

anaerobic means in the absence of air $oxygen%.

• erobic treatment processes take place in the presence of air and utili*e those

microorganisms $also called aerobes%, which use molecularEfree oxygen to convert

them in to carbon dioxide, water and biomass.

• "he anaerobic treatment processes take place in the absence of air by those

microorganisms which do not re+uire air to assimilate organic impurities.



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Tertiar$ + Advanced Treatment

•

"ertiary treatment is the final cleaning process that improves wastewater +uality beforeit is reused, recycled or discharged to the environment.

• "he treatment removes remaining inorganic compounds, and substances, such as the

nitrogen and phosphorus.

• 5acteria, viruses and parasites, which are harmful to public health, are also removed at

this stage.• lum is used to help remove additional phosphorus particles and group the remaining

solids together for easy removal in the filters.

• "he chlorine contact tank disinfects the tertiary treated wastewater.-hlorine removes

microorganisms in treated wastewater including bacteria, viruses and parasites.

•ny remaining chlorine is removed by adding sodium bisulphate :ust before itFsdischarged.

Flow cart for Activated sludge process



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Thank You

Advanced effluent treatment process

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