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Transcript of Advanced Biology – 12/2/14 Warm Up Muscle Contraction What affects muscle contraction Activity....
Advanced Biology – 12/2/14Warm UpMuscle ContractionWhat affects muscle contraction Activity.
Learning Target: Identify variables that effect muscle contraction.
Advanced Biology – 12/5/14Build a muscle… arts and crafts.
Learning Target: Identify the different anatomy of the muscle.
Advanced Biology – 12/4/14Finish Building your muscle model
Learning Target: Describe the functions of the different parts of the muscle.
Advanced Biology – 12/5/14Warm UpMuscle Contraction NotesMuscle Contraction Story Board
Learning Target: Sequence the process of muscular contraction.
Warm UpWhat are the three types of facia (fibrous
connective tissue under the skin or around muscles) that binds muscle together and to bone?
Advanced Biology – 12/8/14No Warm UpMuscle Contraction NotesMuscle Contraction Online
Learning Target: Describe the steps of muscle contraction.
Warm UpMuscle Cells have multiple organelles.
Which organelles are they?
Nuerotransmitters cause this ion to be released in muscle cells.
Advanced Biology – 12/9/14No Warm UpMuscle Identification ActivityQuiz Review - Thursday
Learning Target: Identify the muscles of the body.
Muscle Assignment
• Color each muscle on both the anterior and posterior pictures. If the muscles are in “pairs” like a deltoid….use the same color.
• Rotate colors so the same are not next to each other.
Advanced Biology – 12/10/14
• Warm Up• Order of events: muscle contraction• Quiz Tomorrow – Muscle parts and muscle
contraction
– Learning Target: Order the activities that take place during a muscle contraction.
Warm Up
• Place in order from largest to smallest in muscle tissue:– Fascicle– Myosin and Actin– Sarcomere– Muscle Fiber– Myofibril
Advanced Biology
• 5 Minute Study• Muscle Contraction Quiz• Insertion, Origin and Action of Muscles
– Learning Target: Distinguish between the insertion, origin and action of muscles.
Origin, Insertion, and Action
• From your diagram of the human muscle system pick 10 muscles and using the resources provided ID the Origin, Insertion and Action of that muscle. Set your paper up like this
Muscle Origin Insertion Action1. 2. 3.
Advanced Biology – 12/12/14
• No Warm Up• Go Over Quiz• Muscle Movement Lab
– Learning Target: Analyze the insertion and origin of muscles and how the body is a system of levers.
Advanced Biology – 12/15/14
• No Warm Up• Re-introduce Lab• Insertion, Origin, Movement Lab
– Learning Target: Analyze the insertion and origin of muscles and how the body is a system of levers.
Advanced Biology – 12/16/14
• No Warm Up• Insertion, Origin, Movement Lab Final Day• Quiz on Muscle Groups Thursday• Test Friday!!
– Learning Target: Analyze the insertion and origin of muscles and how the body is a system of levers.
Advanced Biology – 12/17/14
• No Warm Up• Skeletal Muscle Groups• Muscle System Review• Quiz on Muscle Groups Thursday• Test Friday!!
– Learning Target: Review all prior learning Targets.
Function of Muscle TissueMotion – relies on integrated functions of
bones, joints and skeletal muscles.Movement of substances within the
bodyCardiac muscle – moves blood through
the heart, blood vessels Smooth muscle – movement of blood and
food through the intestinal tractSperm and egg through the
reproductive systems and urine through the urinary system.
Function of Muscle TissueStabilizing body positions and
regulating organ volume – help you stand or sit. Muscle closes off exit routes in certain organs like the stomach
Heat production – the by-product of muscle contraction is heat. Used to generate as much as 85% of all body heat.
Structure of Skeletal MuscleSkeletal muscle is bound by connective
tissue (fascia), attached to bones and is under voluntary control.
Fascia (ct) tendon (ct) periosteum (bone)This is how muscle is connected to
boneFascia – a sheet or broad band of
fibrous connective tissue under the skin or around muscles.
Structure of Skeletal MuscleThree Types of Fascia
1. Epimysium – closely surrounds muscle
2. Perimysium – inward extension from the epimysium that divides muscle tissue into small compartments called fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers)
3. Endomysium – surround each muscle fiber within a fascicle
Layers of connective tissue allow:Independent movement of fibers
within muscle nervesBlood vessels to pass through
muscle
Muscle Cell is a skeletal muscle fiberMultinuclear – more than one nucleus
Sarcolemma – cell membraneSarcoplasm – cytoplasm composed of Numerous mitochondriaParallel lying thread-like fibers called myofibrils
Myofibrils are composed of 2 types of protein filamentsMyosin – thick filament containing
protein myosin with projecting cross bridges
Actin – thin filaments containing protein actin
Structure of Skeletal MuscleSarcotubular System – triad of
skeletal muscle (3 parts) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
(kinda like ER)– network of membrane enclosed tubules that run parallel to myofibrils. At the “A” band the S.R. enlarges to form a pair of terminals.
Structure of Skeletal Muscle Cisternae – run 90 degrees to
the S.R. Function: store, release and reabsorb Ca in order to help activate or release muscle contractions.
Structure of Skeletal MuscleTransverse tubules (T-tubules) –
tunnel-like extensions of the sarcolemma that pass through the muscle fiber at right angles to the S.R. and between the cisternae. Function to transmit nerve impulse to all fibrils (open to outside.
Myosin and actin are filamentous protein molecules contained in muscles. In the presence of calcium ions (bottom), myosin and actin will slide past each other and form cross-bridges, thereby contracting the muscle.
Structure of Skeletal MuscleNeuromuscular junction – where the
motor neuron and the muscle fiber meet.Cell plate – modified sarcolemma; highly
folded, many nuclei; mitochondriaSynaptic knob – where the end of the
motor neuron branches and terminatesSynaptic vesicles - sacs in the axon
terminals filled with chemicals.
Structure of Skeletal MuscleAcetylcholine – neurotransmitter released
at a neuromuscular junction. Allows sodium ions to diffuse and produces a muscle action potential (results in a muscle contraction)
Cholinesterase – found in the synaptic cleft. It inactivates acetylcholine so the muscle can get ready for the next action potential
Skeletal Muscle Contraction“ Ratchet Theory or Sliding
Filament Theory of Skeletal Muscle Contraction”
Origin vs. InsertionInsertion – muscle attaches to a
movable boneOrigin– muscle attaches to a non
movable boneMuscles work in pairs
Energy Source for Contraction1st source – ATP, enough in muscle cell to last 6
to 8 seconds. ADP + P + energy ATP
Creatine Phosphate - molecule stored in muscle cells, used to produce more ATP quickly during exercise
CP creatine + P + energy2nd source – Glucose cellular respiration ATP
O2 needs to be present3rd source – carbohydrates glucose ATP
Myoglobin – stores O2 in muscle cells
Lasts 5-10 secondsATP ADP +EnergyCreatine phosphateCreatine phosphate Creatine + phosphate + energyProvides energy for prolonged muscular activity as long
as nutrients and O2 last.1 glucose 2 pyruvic acid + Energy (ATP)
Pyruvic acid + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)Pyruvic acid + no oxygen lactic acidAfter ATP is used upProduce more ATP during prolonged exercise/ good for short bursts of
activity 100 m dashATPCreatine phosphate depleted Immediate source of energyGlucose (stored as glycogen)
Energy Source
When used
How long it lasts
Formula for energy release
1s
t
ATP Immediate source of energy
Lasts 5-10 seconds
ATP ADP +Energy
2n
d
Creatine phosphate
After ATP is used up
Produce more ATP during prolonged exercise/ good for short bursts of activity 100 m dash
Creatine phosphate Creatine + phosphate + energy
3r
d
Glucose (stored as glycogen)
Creatine phosphate depleted
Provides energy for prolonged muscular activity as long as nutrients and O2 last.
1 glucose 2 pyruvic acid + Energy (ATP)
Pyruvic acid + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)
Pyruvic acid + no oxygen lactic acid
Muscular Responses- all or nothing principleThreshold Stimulus – minimal strength
needed to elicit a muscle contraction.
How do we get a “graded response”?While individual muscle fibers will contract to
their fullest extent or not at all. But because there are many motor units some are contracting and some are relaxing. Thus the entire muscle can contract a “little” or “ a lot”, such as gently holding a pencil or tightly squeezing a finger.
Overworked MusclesOxygen Debt – muscular activity is great
enough, O2 cannot be supplied fast enough so ATP is produced by anaerobic respiration.
Muscle Fatigue – inability of a muscle to maintain its strength of contraction. Due to lactic acid increase (Ph decrease) causing fibers less responsive to stimuli. Begins to damage the sarcolemma.
Isometric vs. Isotonic Muscle ContractionsIsometric – tension increases, muscle
length remains the same. Important in maintaining posture.
Isotonic – tension remains the same, muscles shorten, used in movement. Both types are used in most body actions.
Fast vs. Slow Twitch Muscle FibersWhite Muscle Fibers (white) – fast
contracting, fewer myoglobin, hemoglobin, and mitochondria than red muscles. Have extensive SR so it can contract quickly due to ability to store and reabsorb Ca+, but fatigue quickly.