Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

IntroductionADSL is a form of DSL, a data communications

technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines

ADSL is capable of providing up to 50 Mbps, and supports voice, video and data.

ADSL is the 1 Broadband Choice in the World with over 60% market share

ADSL is now available in every region of the world

What does ADSL meanAsymmetric - The data can flow faster in one

direction than the other. Data transmission has faster downstream to the subscriber than upstream

Digital - No type of communication is transferred in an analog method. All data is purely digital, and only at the end, modulated to be carried over the line.

Subscriber Line - The data is carried over a single twisted pair copper loop to the subscriber premises

ADSL standards :ADSL standards :Standard name Standard name Common name Common name Downstream Downstream

rate  rate  Upstream Upstream

rate rate ITU G.992.1 ITU G.992.1 ADSL (G.DMT) ADSL (G.DMT) 8 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.2 ITU G.992.2 ADSL Lite (G.Lite) ADSL Lite (G.Lite) 1.5 Mbit/s 1.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s 0.5 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 ITU G.992.3/4 ADSL2 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ITU G.992.3/4 Annex J ADSL2 ADSL2 12 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.3/4 Annex LITU G.992.3/4 Annex L RE-ADSL2 RE-ADSL2 5 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s 0.8 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 ITU G.992.5 ADSL2+ ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 Annex LITU G.992.5 Annex L RE-ADSL2+ RE-ADSL2+ 24 Mbit/s 24 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s 1.0 Mbit/s

ITU G.992.5 Annex M ITU G.992.5 Annex M ADSL2+ ADSL2+ 28 Mbit/s 28 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s 3.5 Mbit/s

ISDN

ADSL

FTTx, VDSL2,ADSL2plus

EnhancedCopper

Hybrid Fibre/Copper

Pure Fibre

Voice bandModem

FTTH

ADSL RangeIn general, the maximum range for DSL without a

repeater is 5.5 km As distance decreases toward the telephone

company office, the data rate increases

For larger distances, you may be able to have DSL if your phone company has extended the local loop with optical fiber cable

Data Rate Wire gauge Wire size Distance

1.5 or 2 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 5.5 km

1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 4.6 km

6.1 Mbps 24 AWG 0.5 mm 3.7 km1.5 or 2 Mbps 26 AWG 0.4 mm 2.7

Conti..

ADSL Speed FactorsThe distance from the local exchange

The type and thickness of wires used

The number and type of joins in the wire

The proximity of the wire to other wires carrying ADSL, ISDN and other non-voice signals

ADSL network components The ADSL modem at the customer premises(ATU-

R)

The modem of the central office (ATU-C)

DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM)

Broadband Access Server (BAS)

Splitter - an electronic low pass filter that separates the analogue voice or ISDN signal from ADSL data frequencies DSLAM.

ADSL Loop Architecture

ISP

Central Office Subscriber premises

Voice Switch

DSL

ADSL RequirementsPhone-line, activated by your phone company for

ADSL

Filter to separate the phone signal from the Internet signal

ADSL modem

Subscription with an ISP supporting ADSL

Asynchronous Transfer ModeAsynchronous Transfer ModeATM is a connection-orientated technique ATM is a connection-orientated technique

ATM provides cell sequence integrity ATM provides cell sequence integrity

Cells are much smaller than standard packet-Cells are much smaller than standard packet-switched networks (53 bytes)switched networks (53 bytes)

The quality of transmission links has lead to the The quality of transmission links has lead to the omission of overheads omission of overheads

There is no space between cells There is no space between cells

Types of ATM services

Constant Bit Rate (CBR)Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

Variable Bit Rate (VBR)Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

Available Bit Rate (ABR)Available Bit Rate (ABR)

ATM LayerThe ATM layer transport information across the network The ATM layer transport information across the network

ATM uses virtual connections for the information ATM uses virtual connections for the information transporttransport

The connections are divided into two levels: The connections are divided into two levels:

The Virtual ChannelsThe Virtual Channels

The Virtual Path The Virtual Path

This mechanism is used to provide quality of service This mechanism is used to provide quality of service (QoS)(QoS)

ATM Connections

The connection between two endpoints is called a The connection between two endpoints is called a Virtual Channel (VC).Virtual Channel (VC).

A Virtual Path (VP) is a term for a bundle of virtual A Virtual Path (VP) is a term for a bundle of virtual channel links that all have the same endpoints.channel links that all have the same endpoints.

Each VC and VP has a unique identifierEach VC and VP has a unique identifier

Virtual paths are used to simplify the ATM Virtual paths are used to simplify the ATM addressing structure.addressing structure.

Conclusion: Pros & ConsWhy ADSL?Why ADSL?

Simultaneous Internet and voice/fax capabilities over a Simultaneous Internet and voice/fax capabilities over a single telephone line single telephone line

Uninterrupted, high-speed Internet access that's Uninterrupted, high-speed Internet access that's always on-line always on-line

Cost-effective solution for societyCost-effective solution for society Data Security that exceeds other technologies Data Security that exceeds other technologies Fast download speedsFast download speeds

ADSL disadvantages:ADSL disadvantages: Distance-sensitiveDistance-sensitive Slower upload speedsSlower upload speeds Phone line requiredPhone line required

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