ATP Formation, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration ATP Synthase.
ADP,ATP and Cellular Respiration
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Transcript of ADP,ATP and Cellular Respiration
ADP, ATP and ADP, ATP and Cellular Cellular
RespirationRespiration
What Is ATP?What Is ATP?
Energy used by all CellsEnergy used by all Cells
Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bondshigh-energy Phosphate bonds
Chemical Structure of Chemical Structure of ATPATP
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
Adenine Base
What Does ATP Do for What Does ATP Do for You?You?
It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!
How Do We Get Energy How Do We Get Energy From ATP?From ATP?
By breaking By breaking the high- the high- energy energy bonds bonds between between the the last two last two phosphates phosphates in ATPin ATP
What is the Process What is the Process Called?Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding HHYDROLYSIS (Adding H22O)O)
H2O
How Does That How Does That Happen?Happen?
An An Enzyme!Enzyme!
How is ATP Re-Made?How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous The reverse of the previous process occurs.process occurs.
Another Another Enzyme is Enzyme is used!used!ATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase
The ADP-ATP CycleThe ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP-ATP-asease
ATP ATP SynthetaSynthetasese
When is ATP Made in When is ATP Made in the Body?the Body?
During a During a Process Process called called Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration that takes that takes place in both place in both Plants & Plants & AnimalsAnimals
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration Includes pathways that Includes pathways that
require oxygenrequire oxygen Glucose is Glucose is oxidizedoxidized and O and O22 is is
reducedreduced Glucose breakdown is Glucose breakdown is
therefore an therefore an oxidation-oxidation-reductionreduction reaction reaction
Breakdown of one glucose Breakdown of one glucose results in results in 36 to 38 ATP36 to 38 ATP molecules molecules
Overall Equation for Overall Equation for Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + e0 + e-- + 36- + 36-
3838ATP’sATP’s
CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22
YIELDSYIELDS
What Carries the What Carries the Electrons?Electrons?
NADNAD++ (nicotinadenine (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts dinucleotide) acts as the energy as the energy carriercarrier
NADNAD++ is a is a coenzymecoenzyme
It’s It’s ReducedReduced to to NADHNADH when it when it picks up two picks up two electrons and one electrons and one hydrogen ionhydrogen ion
Are There Any Other Are There Any Other Electron Carriers?Electron Carriers?
YES! Another YES! Another Coenzyme!Coenzyme!
FAD+FAD+ (Flavin (Flavin adenine adenine dinucleotide)dinucleotide)
ReducedReduced to to FADHFADH22
Other Cellular Other Cellular Respiration FactsRespiration Facts
Metabolic PathwayMetabolic Pathway that breaks that breaks down carbohydratesdown carbohydrates
Process is Process is ExergonicExergonic as High- as High-energy Glucose is broken into energy Glucose is broken into COCO22 and H and H22OO
Process is also Process is also CatabolicCatabolic because larger Glucose breaks because larger Glucose breaks into smaller moleculesinto smaller molecules
What are the Stages of What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?Cellular Respiration?
GlycolysisGlycolysisThe Krebs CycleThe Krebs CycleThe Electron Transport ChainThe Electron Transport Chain
Where Does Cellular Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?Respiration Take Place?
It actually It actually takes place takes place in two parts in two parts of the cell:of the cell:
Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the occurs in the CytoplasmCytoplasmKrebs Cycle & Krebs Cycle & ETC TakeETC Take place place in the in the MitochondriaMitochondria
Review of Mitochondria Review of Mitochondria StructureStructure
SmoothSmooth outer outer MembraneMembrane
FoldedFolded inner inner membranemembrane
Folds called Folds called CristaeCristae
Space inside Space inside cristae called cristae called the the MatrixMatrix
Diagram of the Diagram of the ProcessProcess
Occurs in
Cytoplasm Occurs
in Matrix
Occurs across Cristae
Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary
Takes place in the Takes place in the CytoplasmCytoplasm
Anaerobic Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)Oxygen)Requires input of Requires input of 2 ATP2 ATP
Glucose split into two Glucose split into two molecules of molecules of PyruvatePyruvate or or Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid
Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary
• Also produces Also produces 2 NADH and 4 2 NADH and 4 ATPATP
• Pyruvate is oxidized to Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl Acetyl CoACoA and and COCO22 is removed is removed
GlycolysiGlycolysis s
DiagramDiagram
FermentationFermentation
Occurs when OOccurs when O22 NOT present NOT present (anaerobic)(anaerobic)
Called Called Lactic AcidLactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells fermentation in muscle cells (makes (makes muscles tiredmuscles tired))
Called Called Alcoholic fermentationAlcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces in yeast (produces ethanolethanol))
Nets only Nets only 2 ATP2 ATP
A Little Krebs Cycle A Little Krebs Cycle HistoryHistory
Discovered by Discovered by Hans KrebsHans Krebs in in 19371937
He received the He received the Nobel PrizeNobel Prize in in physiology or physiology or medicine in medicine in 1953 for his 1953 for his discoverydiscovery
Forced to leave Forced to leave Germany prior Germany prior to WWII because to WWII because he was Jewishhe was Jewish
Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Cyclical series of oxidation Cyclical series of oxidation
reactions that give off reactions that give off COCO22 and and produce produce one ATP per cycleone ATP per cycle
Turns Turns twicetwice per glucose molecule per glucose moleculeProduces Produces two ATPtwo ATP Takes place in Takes place in matrix of matrix of
mitochondriamitochondria
Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary
Each turn of the Krebs Cycle Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces also produces 3NADH, 3NADH, 1FADH1FADH22, and 2CO, and 2CO22
Therefore, For Therefore, For each Glucoseeach Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces produces 6NADH, 2FADH6NADH, 2FADH22, , 4CO4CO22, and 2ATP, and 2ATP
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
ATP
NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADHNETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH22, & 2CO, & 2CO22
Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain SummarySummary
34 ATP34 ATP Produced ProducedHH22OO Produced ProducedOccurs Across Occurs Across Inner Inner
Mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial membraneUses coenzymes Uses coenzymes NAD+ and NAD+ and
FAD+ to accept e- from glucoseFAD+ to accept e- from glucoseNADH = 3 ATP’sNADH = 3 ATP’sFADHFADH22 = 2 ATP’s = 2 ATP’s
Electron Transport Chain AElectron Transport Chain Animationnimation