Adolescent Striving and Methylation Aginggero.usc.edu/CBPH/files/4_25_2018_PAA/2.Gaydosh.pdf ·...
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Adolescent Striving and Methylation Aging
Lauren Gaydosh1, Colter Mitchell2, Lisa Schneper3,Daniel Notterman3, and Sara McLanahan3
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2University of Michigan
3Princeton University
April 27, 2018
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Finding
• Adolescents from highly disadvantagedbackgrounds who strive to succeed in schoolexperience more rapid epigenetic aging acrosschildhood and adolescence
• This pattern is observed among black andHispanic adolescents but not among whites
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Motivation
• Evidence that higher levels of self-control, striving, andsocioeconomic success among disadvantaged blacks andHispanics are associated with worse physical health
I John-Henryism (James 1983)
I Skin-deep resilience (Brody et al. 2013; Miller et al. 2015)
I Unequal benefits (Gaydosh et al. 2018)
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Research questions
1 What is the relationship between early life disadvantage,childhood striving, and the pace of epigenetic aging?
2 Does this relationship vary by race/ethnicity?
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Data
• Probability sample of 4,898 births in 75 hospitals across 20US cities
• Oversample of non-marital births
• Baseline survey at birth
• Follow-up at years 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15
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Data - DNA methylation
• Saliva collected at years 9 and 15 using Oragene DNAself-collection kit
• Preliminary sample of n ∼ 700 respondents using IlluminaInfinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip
• Stay tuned: will add more samples using EPIC chip, n > 2,000
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Measures - DNA methylation (DNAm) age
• Horvath method for calculating epigenetic age:I Analyzed 21k CpG sites across 51 different tissue and cell
types from over 7k samplesI Regressed chronological age on the CpG sites using a penalized
regression modelI Identified 353 CpG sites as “clock” CpG sitesI Robust across tissue types
• Construct DNAm age using the weighted average ofmethylation levels at these CpGs
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Measures - DNAm age and chronological age
• Modest correlation between DNAm age and chronological age
• Little variation in chronological age in cross-section
• Exploit greater variation over time by looking at pace ofepigenetic aging:
Pace = (DNAm age 15−DNAm age 9)/(Date15−Date9)
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Measures - pace of methylation aging
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Measures - pace of methylation aging
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Measures - socioeconomic disadvantage at birth
• Baseline interview
• 4 indicators at family level: household income below povertyline, receipt of public assistance, mother’s education < HS,single parent household
• 7 indicators at neighborhood level: welfare receipt,unemployment, poverty, educational attainment, femaleheaded, segregation, vacancies
• Summed across indicators
• Mean = 4.5, SD = 3.0, α = 0.79
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Measures - striving across childhood andadolescence
• Years 9 and 15 child surveys
• 12 measures of educational aspirations, school engagement,perseverance, and optimism
• Highest response to each question considered “striving”,summed across measures, averaged between years
• Mean = 5.2, SD = 2.2, α = 0.89
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Methods
• Linear regression model predicting annual pace of epigeneticaging
• Interaction between disadvantage and striving
• Models control for sex, race/ethnicity, and pubertaldevelopment
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Results
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Results
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Conclusion
• Pace of DNAm aging is accelerated for disadvantagedadolescents who strive academically
• Suggestive evidence that this may be restricted to black andHispanic adolescents
• Physical health risk associated with striving amongdisadvantaged minorities may appear earlier in the life coursethan previously documented
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Acknowledgments
Fragile Families is funded by:
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health andHuman Development (NICHD): R01 HD076592,R01HD36916, R01HD39135, and R01HD40421
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): R01MH103761
• Consortium of private foundations
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Thank you.Questions: [email protected]