Adjectives and Adverbs

Check point

Tick the correct answer

The owner thinks the flat is:

� perfect

� warm and cosy

Express Check

Complete these sentences with the correct form of slow.

A: There’s a -------------- lift. It moves very--------------------------.

B: it’s not------------------.it just seems --------------------------------.

Chart Check

Circle T (true) or F (false)

T F Adverbs often come

before nouns.

T F Adjectives often come

after action verbs.

T F Adverbs often end in –

ly-

Adjectives

They are quiet tenants.

There's a fast lift.

The flat sounds nice.

It’s absolutely perfect.

The flat felt warm.

Adverbs

They work quietly.

It moves very fast.

She described it nicety.

It’s absolutely perfect.

The owner greeted the tenants

warmly

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use adjectives to describe nouns or-

pronouns (for people. places. and

things).

Adjectives usually come immediately

before the noun they describe.

Adjectives can also come after stative

verbs such as be, look, sound or seem.

Noun adjective pron. Adjective

� The houses are beautiful. They are new.

adjective Noun

� This is a small flat.

Verb adjective.

� This flat seems small.

2. Use adverbs to describe verbs,

adjectives and other adverbs.

Adverbs that describe adjectives and

other adverbs usually come

immediately before the word they

describe.

Verb adverb

� They furnished it nicely.

Adverb adjective

� It’s an extremely nice house. Adverb adverb

� They found it very quickly.

3. Use adverbs of manner to describe

action verbs.

These adverbs often answer How?

Questions. They come after the verb

they describe.

�Be careful! Do not put an adverb of

manner between the verb and its direct

object.

� It’ll sell quickly.

(Quickly describes how fast it will sell.)

Verb direct object

� She’ll rent this flat quickly.

Not she’ll rent quickly this flat.

4. Adverbs of manner are often formed

by adding-ly- to adjectives.

-����Be careful! Some adjectives also

end in -ly, for example, silly, friendly,

lovely and lonely.

adjective

� We need a quick decision. Adverb

� You should decide quickly.

adjective

� It's a lovely flat.

5. Some common adverbs of manner

do not end in-ly.

a. The adverb form of good is well.

b. Some adverbs have the same

form as their related adjectives,

for example, early, fast, wrong,

late, and hard.

����Be careful! Lately is not the adverb

form of late. Lately means 'recently'.

Hardly is not the adverb form of hard.

Hardly means 'almost not',

Adjective Adverb

� She's a good writer. She writes well.

Adjective

Bob was late

She's a hard worker.

Adverb

Bob came late.

She works hard

� She hasn't met any new people lately. • There's hardly enough time to prepare

for her classes. Her part-time job takes up most of her time.

Check it out! For a discussion of adverbs of frequency, see Unit 2.

Adjectives and Adverbs

Check Point

Tick the things the boy and

girl have in common.

� cycling speed

� width of shoulders

� control of bike

� length of anus

Chart Check

Tick the correct answers.

Which words are always used in

comparisons with as…as?

� Not

� A verb

� An adjective or adverb.

adjectives

Verb *(not) as adjective as

The girl Is

Isn’t

as

fast as The boy

She good He is

Her bike big His.

The girl’s bike heavy The boy’s

*stative verbs like be, look, seem

adverb

Verb *(not) as adverb as

The girl Cycle

Doesn’t

cycle

as

fast as The boy

She well He is

Her bike smoothly His.

The girl’s bike consistently The boy’s

*Action verbs

Express Check

Complete these sentences with as ……as and tile words in brackets.

A: My old bike wasn't ----------------------- my new one. Of course, it didn't

(Expensive)

Perform ------------------------- the new one.

(Well)

B: And it didn't look ---------------------- the new one, either.

(Good)

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. You can use as + adjective + as to

compare two people, places or things.

Use as + adjective + as to compare two

people, places or things that are equal in

some way_ Use just to emphasise the

equality.

Use not as +adjective +-as to talk about

two people, places or things that are

different in some way.

• Trax bikes are as expensive as Gordos.

(The Trax bike costs a lot of money. The

Garda bike costs the same amount of

money.)

• The Trax bike isn’t as light as the Gordo,

though. (The two bikes are not the same

weight.)

• This helmet is as good as yours.

• It's just as expensive as yours, too.

• The new adverts are not as effective as the old ones.

• They aren’t as funny as the old ones, either.

2. You can' also use as+ adverb +as to

compare two actions.

Use as + adverts + as to talk about two

actions that are the same or equal. Use

just to emphasise the equality.

Use not as+ adverb + as to talk about two

actions that are not the same or equal.

• He rides as fast as she does.

(They ride equally last.)

•He doesn’t ride as safely as she does,

though.

(They don't ride the same way. She rides

mare solely than he does.)

•Kleen brightens as thoroughly as brite.

•It removes stains just as effectively as brite.

3. You do not always have to mention both

parts of a comparison. Sometimes the

meaning is clear from the context.

• Trax and Gordo are both great bikes but

Trax isn’t as light (as Gordo).

• Jake and Christopher both ride fast but

Christopher doesn’t rude as skilfully.

Adjectives: Comparatives

Check Point

Check the correct answer

The new restaurant will be

� Different from the old restaurant.

� The same as the old restaurant.

Chart check

Circle T(true) Or F( false)

T F the comparative adjective form always and in –er.

T F You can use the same comparative adjective twice in a

statement to show a change in a situation

Comparative

Comparative Than

The new

restaurant is

Brighter

better

than

The old one.

More

less

Comfortable

beautiful

Repeated comparatives

The food is getting

Comparative and comparative

Better and better

Worse worse

More more delicious

less less interesting

Double Comparative

the comparative the Comparative

the More crowded The restaurant The slower The service

Express Check

Complete this sentence.

Mo's is bigger and -------------popular ----------------Val's.

Grammar Explanations Examples

a. Use the comparative form of

adjectives to focus on a difference

between people, places and things.

•The new menu is bigger than the old

menu.

•The new waiters are more experienced

than the old waiters.

2. There is more than one way to form the

comparative of adjectives.

a. For one-syllable adjectives and two-

syllable adjectives ending in –y, use

adjective + -er.

�Be careful! There are often spelling

changes when you add –er.

�Be careful! Some adjectives have

irregular comparative forms.

b. For most other adjectives of two or

more syllables, us more/less+

adjective. c. For some adjectives , use either –er or

more/ less

Adjective Comparative

Bright

Friendly

Nice

Big

Pretty

Good

Bad

comfortable

Brighter

Friendlier

Nicer

Bigger

Prettier

Better

Worse

More comfortable

Less comfortable

•The river Inn is quitter than Joe’s

•The river Inn is more quiet than Joe’s

4.Use the comparative with than when you

mention the things you are comparing.

Use the comparative without than when it is

clear which things you are comparing.

•The apple pie is better than the cake.

•The new desserts are better.

(The new desserts are better than the old

desserts.)

4.Repeat the same comparative to talk about

change - an-increase or a decrease:

Comparative +and + comparative

Adjective adjective

Or

More/less+ and + more / less+ adjective

•It's getting harder and harder to find an

inexpensive restaurant.

•The prices of mobile phones are going

lower and lower.

•It’s getting more and more difficult.

•Cars are becoming less and less expensive.

5.Use a double comparative to show cause

and. effect:

The+ comparative adjective +the

+comparative adjective

•The shorter the queue, the faster the

service.

(when he queue is shorter, the service is faster)

•The more expensive the restaurant, the

bigger the bill.

Adjectives :Superlatives

Check Point

Tick the correct answer.

The sender of this card thinks his wife is very:

� typical

� special

NOTE: On Valentine's Day (14 February), many people send cards to special people in their lives

to tell them how much they love them.

Chart Check Tick the correct answer Which letters do you add to the end of a short adjective to form the superlative?

� a or an

� the

� most Which letters do you add to the end of a short adjective to form the superlative?

� -er

� -est

Which words do you add before a long adjective to form the superlative?

� More or less

� Most or least

Superlative

Superlative Adjective form

You are The swelest

The funniest

The best

The most wonderful

The least selfsh

Person in the word

That’s The nicest

The loveliest

The worst

The most amusing

The least original

Card I’v received

Express Check -� complete the chart

adjective superlative

nice

Beautiful

Warm

happy

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. Use the superlative form adjectives to single

out people, places and things.

•You are the best parents in the world.

•You are the most wonderful friend I’ve ever

had.

2. There is more than one way to form the

superlative of adjective.

a. For one-syllable, or two-syllable

adjectives ending in –y, use the

adjective+ -est.

�Be careful! There are often spelling changes

when you add –est.

� Be careful! Some adjectives have irregular

superlative forms.

b. For most other adjectives, of two or more

syllables, use the most/the least+

adjective.

c. For some adjectives use either

the…….est or the most/the least.

adjective superlative

Bright

Friendly

Nice

Big

Pretty

Good

Bad

Comfortable

The brightest

The friendliest

The nicest

The biggest

The prettiest

The best

The worst

The most comfortable

The least comfortable

•The third hotel was the quietest

•The third hotel was the most quiet

3. The superlative is often used with

expressions beginning in or of such as in the

world and of all.

•You're the best mother in the world.

•He’s the cleverest one of us all.

4. The superlative is sometimes followed by

clause. Often the clause uses the present

perfect with ever.

•That’s the nicest card I’ve ever received.

•You have the loveliest smile I’ve ever

seen.

Adverbs: comparatives and superlatives

Check Point

Circle T(true) or F (false)

T F Jordan improves every time he plays.

Chart Check

Tick the correct answer:

What do you add to long adverbs to form the comparative?

� More or less � -er or –est

Which word do you always add to form the superlative?

� Most

� the

Comparative

Comparative adverb Form than

Jordan played

Harder

better

than

steve More

less

Aggressively

consistently

Superlative

Superlative Adverb Form

He threw

The fastest

The best

Of anyone in the game

The most

The least

Express Check Circle the correct words to complete these sentences.

Sims threw faster than / of Jones. He played better / the best of all.

Grammar Explanations Examples

1. use the comparative form of adverbs to

focus on differences beteween actions .

use the comparative without than when it is

clear thing you are comparing .

•The Bull played better than the Lakers.

•Jordon played more skilfully than O’Neal.

•He played less aggressively, though.

2. Use the superlative form of adverbs to

single out something about an action .

We often use the superlative with

expressions beginning with of, such as of

any player.

•Steve tried the hardest.

•He scored the most frequently of any player

on the team.

3.there is more than one way to form the

comparative and superlative of adverbs.

a. for one-syllable adverbs, use aderveb+ -

er or the+ adverb +-est

�Be careful ! some adverbs have irregular

comparative and superlative forms.

b.for most adverbs of two or more

syllables, use more/less +adverb or the

most/ the least +adverb.

c.some adverbs use either more/less or –er

and the most/the least or the………-est

adverb comparative Superlative

Fast

Hard

Well

Bady

Skilfully

Quickly

Faster

Harder

Better

Worse

More/less

skilfully

More

quickly

quicher

The fastest

The hardest

The best

The worst

The most/ the

least skilfully

The most quickly

The quickest

4.Repeat the same comparative to talk about

change - an increase or a decrease:

Comparative + and + comparative

Adverb adverb

Or

More/less+ and+ more/less +adverb

•Steve is playing better and better as the

season continues.

(His performance keeps improving)

•He is shooting more and more accurately.

(His shooping keeps getting more accurate.)

5.use a double comparative to show cause and

effect:

The+comparative adverb+the +comparative

adverb

The harder he played, the better he

performed

(When he played harder ,his performance

improved.)

The more you practise, the better you became

.