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Daugavpils SaskaDaugavpils Saskannas as School/LatviaSchool/Latvia

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

What is an adjective?What is an adjective?Adjectives are descriptive words. Adjectives are used to describe or give information about things, ideas and people.

We use adjectives to describe nouns.

The most common question an adjective might answer is "What kind of ...?"

Adjectives have neither gender, number, nor case in English. The ending of an adjective is always the same.

Examples:

• Robinson Crusoe is a good book.

• We have some good students.

• It is all for our good friends.

FORMATION OF FORMATION OF ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

The adjectives are formed from nouns and verbs by adding suffixes.

Sometimes we have to make some spelling changes to the word before adding the suffix.

We can form adjectives in the following ways:

break

harmful

vary

beautiful

variable

breakable

harm

beauty

angryanger

funny fun

danger

hungry

child

courageous

childish

dangerous

hunger

courage

naturalnature

goldengold

USING USING ADJECTIVES IN ADJECTIVES IN

SENTENCESSENTENCES

Most adjectives can be used in front of a noun.

Examples:

• They live in a modern house.

• We saw a very exciting film last night.

• There are some beautiful red flowers.

adjective + adjective + nounnoun

We can also use adjectives after a link verb like be, look or feel:

Examples:

• Their house is beautiful.

• That film looks interesting.

• I feel really tired today.

be/look/feel/smell/taste/sound be/look/feel/smell/taste/sound + + adjective adjective

ORDER OF ORDER OF ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

Sometimes we use more than one adjective in front of a noun.

• She has a small round black wooden box.

Here is the most common order of adjectives in English:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7opinion size shape age colour origin material

• She has a nice big round new yellow French glass bowl.

COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE AND AND

SUPERLATIVE SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects.

They are used in sentences where two nouns (people or things) are compared.

Examples:• My house is larger than yours.

• New York is much bigger than Boston.

• Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.

Noun (subject) + verb + Noun (subject) + verb + comparative comparative adjective adjective + + than than + noun (object). + noun (object).

Comparison is expressed in the following sentence patterns:

• John is as old as Peter.

• John is not so old as Charles.

• Charles is older than John.

Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality.

They are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.

Examples:

• My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.

• Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

• That’s the best film I have seen this year.

Noun (subject) + verb + Noun (subject) + verb + thethe + + superlativesuperlative adjectiveadjective + noun (object). + noun (object).

FORMING FORMING COMPARATIVES COMPARATIVES

AND AND SUPERLATIVESSUPERLATIVES

One-syllable adjectives

add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be doubled before adding the ending.

Adjective Comparative Superlative tall taller (the) tallestfat fatter (the) fattestbig bigger (the) biggestsad sadder (the) saddest

Two-syllables adjectives

Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative and superlative with either -er and -est or more and most.

• Here are examples of two-syllable adjectives:

clever, common, handsome, narrow, pleasant, tired, stupid, shallow

Two-syllables adjectives ending in -y

form the comparative and superlative by changing the -y into -i and adding -er and -est:

Adjective Comparative Superlative angry angrier (the) angriestbusy busier (the) busiest

happy happier (the) happiest

Other two-syllables adjectives and adjectives with more than two syllables

Most of these form the comparative and superlative with more and most:

Adjective Comparative Superlative careless more careless the most careless

expensive more expensive the most expensiveintelligent more intelligent the most intelligent

Irregular adjectives

These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Adjective Comparative Superlative good better (the) bestbad worse (the) worstlittle less (the) least

much more (the) mostmany more (the) most

far farther (the) furthestold older (elder) (the) oldest (eldest)

Examples:

• Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.

• You play tennis better than I do.

• This is the least expensive sweater in the store. • This sweater is less expensive than that one.

References:

•Raymond Murphy, Essential Grammar in Use•www.freeimages.com•https:// pixabay.com•https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org