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‘DEMETER’ Directorate of
Research
Land Reclamation Institute
Benaki Phytopathological
Institute
The Goulandris Natural
History Museum
Greek Biotope-Wetland
Centre
Rodax Ltd
Quality Systems
Coordinator Crop Protection & Safety
Soil and Water
Management, Fertilisation
Biodiversity
NEW BENEFICIARY Athens 5/12/2012
Crop
Management
Consultancy
TARGET
Improvement of cultural practices applied in
olive groves taking into account environmental
impacts and parcel production capacity
STRATEGY
• Development of an “Impact Assessment
Procedure” (IAP) for justified and objective
evaluation of potential impacts of agricultural
practices on environment, as a tool for ISO 14001/
EMAS planning in primary agriculture
• Incorporation of IAP as the core process of an
advisory system aiming to propose to farmers’ the
most efficient use of their resources, with the
objective to achieve long term sustainability of the
agro-ecosystem, including a systematic upgrade
to organic agriculture
600 INDIVIDUAL OLIVE
GROVES
(3 REGIONS IN GREECE)
SAGE10
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Environmental
Impact
Production Capacity
Target:
Olive products with minimum
environmental impacts &
at low cost’, attractive to the
consumer
PARCEL’S ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE –ΙΑΡ
the specific characteristics of the
different regions/areas
Considering
ΙΑΡ- “Impact Assessment Procedure” for assessing environmental impacts of all agricultural practices, and prioritizing them at field, site, location, area
level. The method is to be available as a software, as well as in paper, with
full instructions of use
Specifications of ΙΑΡ:
1. Scientifically sound
2. Extrapolatable and applicable to other crops
3. Upgradable
4. Simple to use, starting from maximum complexity
5. Objective without any interference of personal opinion
6. Cost-efficient in order to be applied in agricultural practice
Reference: every individual parcel and grower
The method “ΙΑΡ” ...
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ΙΑΡ
DEVELOPMENT STEPS
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Agricultural activities (e.g. crop protection, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, soil management, harvesting, establishment of a new
grove, storing of ppp’s) which have an environmental or human effect
Impacts of aspects on different environmental compartments: e.g. surface water pollution, changes in biodiversity, soil acidity,
health risks for workers in groves κ.α
Biotic and abiotic environment (water bodies, soil, birds…),
Humans (operator, worker, by stander )
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ASPECT
IMPACT
COMPARTMENT
ΙΑΡ: TRIPLETS
The parameters are divided into:
1. Simple or Complex 2. Parameters of the Environment or Producer
WEIGHTING AND VALUE CLASSES
OF PARAMETERS
The severity of an Impact (High/ Moderate/ Low)
depends on the value/class of different
Parameters that define it
The Parameters of a Triplet are different in terms of
significance or weight in relation to the Impact
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Producers Parameters (Ρ): define the possibility and severity of an Impact
based on grower’s decisions
Environmental Paramenters (Ε): define the vulnerability of a compartment
to an impact, based on its characteristics
(soil type, area climatic conditions,
inclination of the soil, proximity to surface
water etc)
ASPECT
IMPACT
COMPARTMENT
ΙΑΡ: TRIPLETS & PARAMETERS
ΙΑΡ: TRIPLETS & PARAMETERS
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FERTILISATION
POLLUTION
SURFACE WATER
Leaching risk* 3
Climate (thermo-xeric, wet…) 3
Crop cover 4
Rainfall frequency & mm 5
Run off risk* 5
Ε parameters
P Parameters Annual rate/water use 3
Frequency of fertilizer(s) application(s) 3
Type of fertilizer 4
Time (season) of fertilizer 4
Quantity of Nitrogen 4
Κατεργασία Soil 4
Type of fertiliZer 4
Type of Ν 4
Area where fertilizers are applied 5
Cultural activities after fertilization 5
weight
weight
ASPECT
IMPACT
COMPARTMENT
* Complex parameters
The severity of an impact is estimated by the Score of the relevant
Triplet and is calculated using the values of the different parameters’
classes and the weight of each parameter
IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE Weight and value classes of parameters
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In the frame of SAGE10 the
following have been defined
1. Simple and complex
parameters,
2. Uncertainty related to their
measurement/monitoring,
3. Weighting of different
parameters based on expert
judgment and on a DELPHI
procedure
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IAP Software
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
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ΙΑΡ-Software
DELEP-99 indicators of Environmental Performance
SAGE10 Prioritizing of suggested improvements
Environmental Product Declaration (LCI, LCA)
Database Environmental Management System (EMS)
RANKING
INDICATORS OF IMPACTS
The environmental profile of each olive
grove is described with a set of
Environmental Indicators
The same indicators can be used to
assess “Environmental Performance” as a result of change agricultural activities
INDICATORS FACILITATE
MONITORING of
“Environmental Performance”
e.g. - content of organic matter in soil
- nitrogen inputs per area unit
Biodiversity Indicators: 1) Shannon-Wiener 2) evenness and 3) Simpson
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00AS02
AS03
AS04
AS06
AS07
AS08
AS09
AS10AS11
AS12
AS13
AS15
AS02_Z
AS07_Z
AS12_Z
Which aspects (producer’s
cultural activities ) have
significant /major impacts on
the compartments The cultural perspective
management of waste from Plant Protection AS02
waste management (exept PPPs)-maintenance of equip AS03
management of pruned wood AS04
pruning AS06
other agricultural activities (harvest, supervisio AS07
plant protection (management of weeds) AS08
irrigation AS10
fertiliser application AS11
application of plant protection product AS12
general cultivation procedures AS13
mechanical soil treatment AS15
The ΙΑΡ results:
Average triplets score
by Aspect
Average triplets score by Compartment
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0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
CO01 CO02 CO03 CO04 CO05 CO06 CO07 CO08 CO09 CO10 CO11 CO12 CO13 CO14 CO15 CO17 CO18 CO19
Trip
let
Sc
ore
Compartments
PARCEL’S ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE – The ΙΑΡ results:
The whole picture:
Which Compartments (biotic-abiotic environment) are
more vulnerable and which of the producer’s cultural
activities (Aspects) are driving the pattern ?
Plot of the average triplet score by compartment, where the points are
transformed to pies representing the relative contribution of each aspect to the
impact on each compartment
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Crop protection (BPI, AUA)
1. Management of insect pests 2. Pruning – organic management systems 3. Weed Management 4. Diseases of olives
5. Spatial dispersal of insects– mass trapping 6. Beneficial arthropods 7. Spray drift management parameters 8. Protection of aquatic organisms 9. Sprays – spraying equipments and nozzles
10. Pesticide storage, transport and handling parameters solid waste , spraying remnants and empty containers
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
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Soil and water (LRI)
1. Sampling Manual & SOPs
2. Training on sampling procedures
3. Training on important parameters of fertilization, irrigation
and soil management
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
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ΔΡΑΣΗ 3: Design of IAP
Biodiversity (EKBY-Greek Biotope-Wetland Centre)
TRAINING ON PARAMETERS MEASUREMENTS/ ASSESSMENTS: ΙΑΡ
1. Training on :
• Monitoring the abundance and diversity of fauna and flora,
• Identification of important species (bio -indicators),
• Monitoring of parameters/indicators,
• Use of equipment
2. Assessment in situ and quality control of parameter collection
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BPI: Guidelines are issued related to:
Methods of pest management,
Protection of beneficial arthropods,
Storage conditions and principles,
Spray Remnant Management,
Rational use of pesticides (operator/worker),
Visual inspections of spraying equipment/check points
PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
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PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
LRI:
Guidelines for fertilisation (each
individual parcel)
Publication of General
Principles related to fertilization
and water use (for the growers
and the agronomists)
Identification of site specific
problems-proposal for
improvements
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EKBY: Identification of activities which
have a negative impact on biodiversity following impact assessment of the
common Greek cultural activities .
Guidelines have been issued for:
1. Cultural activities that do not affect
wild fauna and flora
2. Compliance of growers with good
agricultural practices related to
biodiversity preservation/ protection
PARCEL ASSESSMENT-GUIDELINES
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SOIL-WATER
1. Water pH, EC, NO3, NH4, CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, B, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni,
Cd, Pb)
Per sample: 21
TOTAL: 924 analyses
2. Soil
Soil texture, pH, EC, organic matter, CaCO3, CEC, SAR, ESP, Nkjeldahl, NO3, P, (Na – K – Mg – Ca)exchangeable, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B
TOTAL: 14.164 analyses of 706 Samples
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ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE AREA
1. Herbicide glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA (soil and water)
2. 210 active substances of pesticides-correlation with inputs (water)
3. 20 active substances –assessment of their e-fate in relation to the time
of application
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SOIL-WATER (pesticides and relevant metabolites)
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE OF THE AREA
Establishment of an Impact Assessment Procedure as a
tool for sustainability of agro-ecosystem:
THE CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN OLIVES
Main Deliverables
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1. ΙΑΡ Method for impact assessment
2. Training Material (for in situ parameter
assessment/measurement,
environmental friendly cultural
practices and the IAP Method)
3. Guidelines (arae/site and parcel
specific)
4. Environmental Performance Indicators
Greek oil marketing
Greek oil marketing support
Establishment of an Impact Assessment Procedure
as a tool for sustainability of agro-ecosystem:
THE CASE OF MEDITERRANEAN OLIVES
SAGE10
WEBSITE
www.sage10.gr
LEAFLET &TRAINING MATERIAL
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Creation of a human network-
integration of scientists with growers
Public consultation for IAP –relevant
for scientists
Presentation of IAP to growers’
Unions
Presentation of IAP to Regulators
and Industry- EC, DG SANCO, ECPA,
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A. Charistou, K. Kyriakopoulou, A. Tsakirakis ,B. Anastasiadou (Safe use of pesticides for human health and the biotic environment)
E.Karassali, K. Liapis, G. Miliadis, (Soil/water analyses for pesticide residues) E. Kapaxidi, F. Karamaouna, D. Papachristos (Insect pests management and beneficial arthropods monitoring)
V. Kati, A. Akrivou, S. Lymberopoulou (Weed management and flora indicators)
N. Skandalis (Olive diseases management)
E. Markellou, I. Mantzouni , K. Machera (Coordination of the project & the development of IAP Method) External expert : M. Vlachogiannis (Spraying equipment controls and maintenance)
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BPI SCIENTISTS
SAGE10
Thank you
for
your attention
Athens 5/12/2012