Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples · Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous...
Transcript of Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples · Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous...
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Addressing the Land Claims
of Indigenous Peoples
Lawrence E. Susskind
Isabelle Anguelovski
![Page 2: Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples · Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples Lawrence E. Susskind Isabelle Anguelovski. Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042307/5ed3caa67ac79b4400201159/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Addressing the Land Claims of
Indigenous Peoples
Lawrence E. Susskind
Isabelle Anguelovski
![Page 3: Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples · Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous Peoples Lawrence E. Susskind Isabelle Anguelovski. Addressing the Land Claims of Indigenous](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042307/5ed3caa67ac79b4400201159/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Library of Congress Control Number 2008926096
© 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program on Human Rights and Justice
Cover photo courtesy of Shizuka Hashimoto
Community members resist the flooding of an Adivasi village by a dam project in India.
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Contents
Abstract 1
About the Authors 1
Introduction: What is indigeneity? 3
1. Indigeneity and the land: The vital link 12
2. Defining borders between
indigenous peoples and dominant cultures 18
3. Sustaining traditional ways of life 22
4. Using national and international strategies 27
5. State reactions to indigenous peoples’ land claims 34
6. Doing the ground work:
Preconditions for successful claims 47
7. First Peoples’ land claims: An uncertain future 52
The Case Studies 58
The Quichwa people of Sarayaku (Ecuador) 58
Isabelle Anguelovski
The Mapuche (Chile) 62
Alexis Schulman
The Amerindians (Guyana) 67
Summer Austin and Jonathan Kaufman
The Pima: A Gila River Indian
community (Arizona, United States) 70
Steven Lewis and Maria Reyes
The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot
(Maine, United States) 73
J. Eric Kent
The Native Hawaiians (United States) 78
Katherine Wallace
The Nisga’a (Canada) 83
Andrea Glen
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The Tatars of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
(Ukraine) 87
Artur Demchuk
The Bedouins (Israel and Jordan) 91
Thalia Berman-Kishony
The Tsou (Taiwan) 93
Shunling Chen
The Adivasi (India) 98
Shizuka Hashimoto
The Richtersveld Community (South Africa) 102
Jessica Tucker-Mohl
The Yonggom (Papua New Guinea) 106
Autumn Graham
Notes 110
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Abstract
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Introduction
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'-1'4%-,3)!4(,36)!*,!&(.5%!*$%'(!/.-1!+/.'5)8!=%+*',-!"!/,,A)!.*!*$%!1'&&%(%-*!(%)6,-)%)!B,(!
-,-C(%)6,-)%)D!,&!*$%!1,5'-.-*!)*.*%)!'-7,/7%1!.-1!$,;!.:,('4'-./!/.-1!+/.'5)!$.7%!:%%-!
*(%.*%18!#$%!)'9*$!)%+*',-!)344%)*)!*$%!6(%+,-1'*',-)!(%23'(%1!&,(!*$%!&.'(!.-1!%&&%+*'7%!
(%),/3*',-!,&!'-1'4%-,3)!/.-1!+/.'5)!*$.*!$.7%!-,*!0%*!:%%-!(%),/7%18!#$%!%)).0!+,-+/31%)!
;'*$!)6%+3/.*',-!,-!*$%!&3*3(%!&,(!'-1'4%-,3)!/.-1!+/.'5)E!4'7%-!*$%!)*(%-4*$)!.-1!
;%.A-%))%)!,&!)*(.*%4'%)!.-1!,66,(*3-'*'%)!+,-)'1%(%1!'-!*$%!6(%7',3)!+$.6*%()8!
#.:/%!F!)355.('G%)!*$%!HIJ!+.)%)!;%!%9.5'-%1!'-!*%(5)!,&!)'9!1'&&%(%-*!&%.*3(%)!,&!
%.+$!4(,36@)!/.-1!+/.'5)K!BHD!*$%!4(,36!,(!*(':%!+,-+%(-%1E!BLD!*$%'(!4%,4(.6$'+!/,+.*',-E!
B>D!*$%'(!6,63/.*',-!!BID!*$%!)'G%!,&!*$%!.(%.!,++36'%1E!B"D!*$%!)+,6%!,&!*$%!/.-1!+/.'5)E!.-1!
BMD!*$%!/%4./!.-1!6,/'*'+./!)*.*3)!,&!*$%)%!+/.'5)8!!
!
!J!#$%!+$.(.+*%(')*'+)!,&!*$%!N%1,3'-!'-!F)(.%/!.-1!O,(1.-!.(%!*(%.*%1!'-!*$%!*.:/%!.)!*;,!)%6.(.*%!
6,63/.*',-)E!*$,34$!*$%0!.(%!+,-)'1%(%1!*,4%*$%(!.)!,-%!+.)%!)*310!.5,-4!*$,)%!)366,(*'-4!*$')!
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Table 1!!Group/Tribe Location
(Continent,
country)
Number of
People
Area
Occupied
Claim Status of the Claim
"#$#%#&'!
()*)+*$,!-.!
/0*!1)#2-34#3!
5'4607#8!
"-'/0!
1)*$46#9!
:6'#;-$!
<9===!(,*>.?
6>#4)8!.-$!#!
/-/#>!-.!@<9===!
1)#2-34#3!
5'4607#A !
ABC9===!0#!
(/4/>*;!43!
ADD<8!
E0*!"#$#%#&'!6>#4)!6-)F*/*36%!74/043!#!
$*6-G342*;!/*$$4/-$%!/-!G#43!6-3/$->!-H*$!
/0*!3#/'$#>!$*,-'$6*,!F$*,*3/!-3!#3;!'3;*$!
/0*4$!>#3;I!J-))'34/4*,!7#3/!/-!)#&*!
#'/-3-)-',!43/*$3#>!;*64,4-3,!#3;!+*!
/$'>%!,*>.?G-H*$3*;!74/0!/0*!0-F*!-.!
4)F>*)*3/43G!/0*4$!-73!KL>#3!-.!M4.*NI!
"#$#%#&'!7#3/!/-!+*!;*6>#$*;!#3!
K43/#3G4+>*!2-3*N!O!#!F$-/*6/*;!#$*#!70460!
-'/,4;*$,9!*,F*64#>>%!F$4H#/*!6-)F#34*,9!!
)#%!3-/!*3/*$I!
Unresolved.!P3!Q#$609!<==R9!E0*!:6'#;-$4#3!
1//-$3*%!S*3*$#>!-..*$*;!#!.$4*3;>%!,*//>*)*3/!
/-!"#$#%#&'9!70460!7#,!$*.',*;I!E0*!G$-'F!4,!
7#4/43G!.-$!/0*!.43#>!$'>43G!-3!4/,!6#,*!+*.-$*!
/0*!P3/*$?1)*$46#3!J-'$/!.-$!T')#3!U4G0/,!
-3!F-,,4+>*!$*F#$#/4-3,!.$-)!/0*!:6'#;-$4#3!
"/#/*!#3;!#6&3-7>*;G)*3/!/0#/!/0*!,/#/*!0#,!H4->#/*;!/0*!:6'#;-$4#3!J-3,/4/'/4-3I!
!
Q#F'60*! "-'/0!
1)*$46#9!
J04>*!
V')+*$,!#$*!
6-3/$#;46/-$%I!
E0*!ADD<!
6*3,',!.-'3;!
/0*!F-F'>#/4-3!
/-!+*!3*#$>%!
A9===9===!
704>*!/0*!
<==<!6*3,',!
W'-/*,!-3>%!
R==9===!
F*-F>*I!!
C==9===!0#!
($*6-G342*;!
+%!JXV1YP89!
RIZ[!-.!/0*!
-$4G43#>!
/*$$4/-$%< !
E0*!Q#F'60*!#$*!3-/!'34.4*;!43!/0*4$!
6>#4),I!T-7*H*$9!)-,/!;-!3-/!;*)#3;!
,-H*$*4G3/%!#3;!$*6-G342*!/0*4$!*\4,/*36*!
#,!)*)+*$,!-.!/0*!J04>*#3!,/#/*I!V*#$>%!
#>>9!0-7*H*$9!6>#4)!6-3/$->!-H*$!/0*4$!>#3;9!
$*,-'$6*,9!#3;!+-$;*$,I!E0*%!#$*!>--&43G!
.-$!6-3,/4/'/4-3#>!$*6-G34/4-3!#3;!.-$!/0*!
,/#/*!/-!$#/4.%!PMX!J-3H*3/4-3!ARDI!
UnresolvedI!M*%!P3;]G*3#!-.!ADDB!6$*#/*;!#!!
7#/*$!#3;!>#3;!.'3;^!$*6-G342*;!/0*!$4G0/,!-.!
/0*!43;4G*3-',!#3;!/0*4$!>*G#>!$4G0/!/-!+*!
6-3,'>/*;!#3;!6-3,4;*$*;!43!;*64,4-3,!
#..*6/43G!/0*4$!>4H*,^!#3;!*,/#+>4,0*;!#!
;*6*3/$#>42*;!F'+>46!#G*36%!/-!-H*$,**!/0*!
#FF>46#/4-3!-.!/0*!>#7I!T-7*H*$9!/0*!PMX!
J-3H*3/4-3!ARD!7#,!3*H*$!$#/4.4*;II!E0*!
Q#F'60*!7*$*!3-/!G$#3/*;!.'>>!6-3/$->!-H*$!
/0*4$!$*,-'$6*,!-$!F$-/*6/4-3!-.!/0*4$!>#3;,I!
E0*!M#G-,!#;)434,/$#/4-3!(<===?<==R8!/746*!
,'+)4//*;!#!$*,->'/4-3!.-$!6-3,/4/'/4-3#>!
$*6-G34/4-3!-.!43;4G*3-',!G$-'F,9!+'/!/0*!
"*3#/*!$*_*6/*;!4/!+-/0!/4)*,I!
!
!
!
!
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Group/Tribe! Location
(Continent,
country)!
Number of
People!
Area
Occupied!
Claim! Status of the Claim
"#$%&'(&)'*! +,-./!
"#$%&0)1!
2-3)')!
4415556 789!#&::&,'!
/$0.)%$*!
;:$<)::3!
0,'.%,::$(!=3!
"#$%&'(&)'*>!
?)'(!.&.:&'<!)'(!0,'.%,:!,@$%!./$!').-%):!
%$*,-%0$*!,'!./$!*,&:!)'(!&'!./$!*-=*,&:8!
Very partially resolved8!A,%$!./)'!/):B!,B!
"#$%&'(&)'!0,##-'&.&$*!/)@$!%$0$&@$(!.&.:$!
.,!*,#$!:)'(!*&'0$!7CDE8!F/$!G55E!"#$%&'(&)'!"0.!<&@$*!#,%$!0,'.%,:!.,!
"#$%&'(&)'*!,@$%!:,0):!<,@$%'#$'.8!
H,I$@$%1!./$!A&'&*.$%!%$.)&'*!./$!J,I$%!.,!
%$K$0.!0,##-'&.3!%-:$*L!)JJ%,@$!0,'.%)0.*!
=$.I$$'!0,##-'&.&$*!)'(!,-.*&($%*L!,@$%%&($!
0,##-'&.3!:)'(!-*$!($0&*&,'*L!,@$%%&($!)!
0,##-'&.3M*!@$.,!,B!:)%<$N*0):$!#&'&'<!&B!)!
J%,K$0.!./$3!=$:&$@$!.,!=$!&'!./$!J-=:&0!
&'.$%$*.L!,%!.)O$!:)'(!I&./,-.!0,#J$'*).&,'8!
F/$!*.).$!%$#)&'*!./$!,I'$%!,B!./$!*-=*,&:!
%$*,-%0$*8!!
!
P&#)! Q,%./!
"#$%&0)1!
"%&R,')!
;S+">!
7714559 G71EC7!/)!T!
7471G55!/)!,'!
.I,!
%$*$%@).&,'*!
U).$%!%&</.*!0:)&#$(!)B.$%!./$!:,**!,B!./$!
2&:)!V&@$%!I).$%!&'!./$!7C./!0$'.-%38!F/$!
2&:)!V&@$%!W'(&)'!X,##-'&.3!;2VWX>!
I)'.*!*,:$!0,'.%,:!,@$%!I).$%!%$*,-%0$*!
)'(!)!<-)%)'.$$!,B!)!($J$'()=:$!*-JJ:3!,B!
I).$%8!!
Claim resolved.!F/$!G559!"%&R,')!U).$%!
+$..:$#$'.!"0.!;"+U">!*$..:$*!./$!%$*,-%0$!
0:)&#!=$.I$$'!./$!2&:)!V&@$%!W'(&)'!
X,##-'&.3!;2VWX>!)'(!./$!S'&.$(!+.).$*8!
F/$!2VWX!/)*!*,:$!%$*J,'*&=&:&.3!B,%!I).$%!
0,'@$3)'0$!)'(!J,**&=:$!*):$8!"U+"!
J%,/&=&.*!./$!2VWX!B%,#!*$$O&'<!)'!&'0%$)*$!
&'!./$&%!0-%%$'.!<%,-'(I).$%!%&</.*!)'(!
J%,.$0.*!./$!0-%%$'.!2VWX!<%,-'(I).$%!B%,#!
J-#J&'<!'$)%!%$*$%@).&,'!=,-'()%&$*8!Y&')::31!
./$!"+U"!<-)%)'.$$*!)!($J$'()=:$!*-JJ:3!,B!
I).$%!.,!./$!2VWX!:)'(*!;E461455!)0%$NB$$.!,B!
I).$%!J$%!3$)%>8!!!
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Group/Tribe! Location
(Continent,
country)!
Number of
People!
Area
Occupied!
Claim! Status of the Claim
"#$$#%#&'())*!
#+)!",+(-$.(/!
0(1/2!
3%,14.#5!
673!
89#4+,:!
;<==!>!;?==<!
867!@,+$'$:!
;==5===!
#.1,$A !
B2,!/14-,$!C#+/!/(!%#4+/#4+!$(D,1,4E+/*!
#+)!F1(/,./4(+!G1(%!$/#/,!)(%4+#+.,H!
9($/!4%F(1/#+/!.(+GI4./!C4/2!/2,!7/#/,!(G!
9#4+,!4$!I4+J,)!/(!/2,!4+/,1F1,/#/4(+!(G!/2,!
C(1)!K%'+4.4F#I4/*L!4+!/2,!MN?=!9#4+!
7,//I,%,+/!3./H!B2,!/14-,$!#1E',!/2#/!/24$!
F1(D4$4(+!C#$!%,#+/!#$!#+!#))4/4(+!/(!
/2,41!$(D,1,4E+!$/#/'$!C24I,!/2,!$/#/,!
#1E',$!/2#/!%'+4.4F#I!$/#/'$!$'F,1.,),$!
/2,41!$(D,1,4E+!$/#/'$H!!!!
Claims unresolvedH!O+!P===5!/2,!67!
Q+D41(+%,+/#I!"1(/,./4(+!3E,+.*!.4/,)!/2,!
MN?=!$,//I,%,+/!4+!#C#1)4+E!/2,!$/#/,!/2,!
#'/2(14/*!/(!4$$',!C#/,1!&'#I4/*!F,1%4/$!(+!
/14-#I!I#+)$5!),$F4/,!#!1,.(%%,+)#/4(+!-*!/2,!
67!R,F#1/%,+/!(G!/2,!O+/,14(1!/(!'F2(I)!/14-#I!
%#+#E,%,+/!(G!/2($,!1,$('1.,$H!B2,!/14-,$!#1,!
.2#II,+E4+E!/2,!Q"3S$!),.4$4(+!4+!G,),1#I!
.('1/H!!!!
0#/4D,!
T#C#44#+$!
0(1/2!
3%,14.#5!
673!
8T#C#44:!!
P?;5===U P<5===!(G!/2,!
T#C#44#+!
T(%,!V#+)$!
#1,!
2(%,$/,#),)H!
0#/4D,!
T#C#44#+$!
#I$(!I4D,!
,I$,C2,1,!4+!
/2,!$/#/,H?!
!
@I#4%$!(G!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+$!)4GG,1H!
7,D,+/*!/21,,!F,1.,+/!(G!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+!D(/,1$!$'FF(1/!$(%,!G(1%!(G!$(D,1,4E+!
E(D,1+%,+/5!-'/!.I#4%$!D#1*!#%(+E!
.(%F,+$#/4(+!G(1!I($/!I#+)W!I4%4/,)!
$(D,1,4E+/*W!+#/4(+>C4/24+>#>+#/4(+!
%(),I,)!#G/,1!0#/4D,!3%,14.#+!F(I4.4,$W!
(1!#!C2(II*>4+),F,+),+/!T#C#44!'+),1!
,X.I'$4D,!.(+/1(I!(G!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+$H!
Q#.2!%(D,%,+/!4+D(ID,$!#!I#+)!.I#4%5!
1#+E4+E!G1(%!/2,!P==5===!#.1,$!
.(%F14$4+E!/2,!T#C#44#+!T(%,!V#+)$!/(!
/2,!$/#/,Y$!,+/41,!ZHM!%4II4(+!#.1,$H!!!
Claims largely unresolvedH!O+!MNNA5!4+!"'-I4.!
3..,$$!72(1,I4+,!T#C#44!D$H!T#C#44!"I#++4+E!
@(%%4$$4(+5!/2,!T#C#44!7'F1,%,!@('1/!1'I,)!
/2#/!T#C#44#+$!1,/#4+!/2,!14E2/!/(!F1#./4.,!
/1#)4/4(+#I!E#/2,14+E!(+!'+),D,I(F,)!F14D#/,!
I#+)!#+)!,$/#-I4$2,)!/2#/!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+$!
#+)!/2,!$/#/,!(+!/2,41!-,2#IG!.('I)!4+/,1D,+,!/(!
F1(/,./!/2,$,!14E2/$!#/!/2,!,XF,+$,!(G!F14D#/,!
4+/,1,$/$H!T(C,D,15!4+!['+,!P==A5!/2,!7,+#/,!),G,#/,)!/2,!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+!\,(1E#+4]#/4(+5!
C24.2!C('I)!2#D,!G(1%#II*!1,.(E+4],)!#!
T#C#44#+!E(D,1+4+E!,+/4/*!#+)!(GG,1,)!
T#C#44#+$!/2,!$#%,!-,+,G4/$5!F1(/,./4(+$5!#+)!
#.J+(CI,)E%,+/!#$!0#/4D,!3%,14.#+$H!
^'1/2,15!/2,!@41.'4/!#+)!T#C#44#+!7'F1,%,!
@('1/$!)4$%4$$,)!0#/4D,!T#C#44#+!.I#4%$!/(!
1,D,+',!E,+,1#/,)!G1(%!.,),)!I#+)$!4+!P==M5!
P==;5!P==<5!#+)!P==A5!$/#/4+E!/2#/!/2,!T#C#44!
I,E4$I#/'1,!%'$/!#))1,$$!.,),)!I#+)$H!N!
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Group/Tribe! Location
(Continent,
country)!
Number of
People!
Area
Occupied!
Claim! Status of the Claim
"#$%&'&! "()*+!!
,-.)#/&0!
1&2&3&!
45)#*#$+!
1(67-8#&9!
:0:;;<; <=>0=;;!+&<< ! 16&#-!*(!%!/(2*)(6!(?.)!&!*.))#*()@!
(//7A#.3!B$#2/.!*#-.!#--.-()#&6C!#2!*+.!
"&$$!D&66.@E!!
Claim resolvedE!F+.!Nisga’a Final Agreement!
G&$!$#%2.3!8@!1&2&3&0!5)#*#$+!1(67-8#&0!&23!
*+.!"#$%&'&!(2!,7%7$*!H0!<>>IE!J*!#$!8(*+!&!
6&23!$.**6.-.2*!&23!&!$.6KL%(?.)2-.2*!
&%)..-.2*E!!1)#-.&2!F&*&)$! M7)(A.!&23!
,$#&0!
1)#-.&0!
NO8.P#$*&20!
Q(-&2#&0!
576%&)#&0!
&23!F7)P.@!
:;;0;;;L
=0;;;0;;;!
N23.*.)-#2.3!
8./&7$.!(K!
3#$A.)$#(2!
F+#$!%)(7A!G&2*$!(KK#/#&6!$*&*7$!(K!
&7*(/+*+(2(7$!A.(A6.R!(KK#/#&6!)./(%2#*#(2!
(K!*)&3#*#(2&6!6.&3.)$!&$!$7A).-.!
).A).$.2*&*#?.!&7*+()#*#.$R!.KK./*#?.!
).A).$.2*&*#(2!&*!&66!6.?.6$!(K!%(?.)2-.2*R!
&23!#-A)(?.3!$(/#(L./(2(-#/!/(23#*#(2$E!!
Claims unresolvedE!"(!)./(%2#*#(2!(K!F&*&)$!
&$!#23#%.2(7$!A.(A6.$!(K!1)#-.&E!"(!6.%&6!
).$*()&*#(2!(K!*+.!1)#-.&2!F&*&)$S!)#%+*$E!
5.3(7#2$! ,$#&!
4T#336.!
M&$*90!J$)&.6!
=;;0;;;!4#2!
*+.!".%.?!
3.$.)*9!
U&6K!(K!*+.!
A(A76&*#(2!#2!
$.?.2!A6&22.3!
*(G2$+#A$R!
.#%+*!2.G!
*(G2$!#2!*+.!
A)(/.$$!(K!
)./(%2#*#(20!
(7*!(K!HV!
72)./(%2#O.3!
*(G2$!
F+.!5.3(7#2$!#2!J$)&.6!/6&#-!*+.!)#%+*!*(!
).-!#2!*+.!".%.?!W.$.)*!4#2!
72)./(%2#O.3!?#66&%.$9!G+#/+!*+.@!+&?.!
#2+&8#*.3!K()!3./&3.$0!&23!*(!A7)$7.!*+.#)!
*)&3#*#(2&6!G&@!(K!6#K.!#2!*+.!".%.?E!
Claim unresolvedE!X()/.3!7)8&2#O&*#(2!(K!
5.3(7#2$!#2!$.?.2!A6&22.3!*(G2$R!KC).!*(!
)./(%2#O.!*+.!?#66&%.$0!G+#/+!&).!/(2$#3.).3!
#66.%&6R!3.-(6#*#(2!(K!+(7$.$!&23!/)(A$!#2!
*+.$.!?#66&%.$R!Y+&)(2!K#?.L@.&)!A6&2!3.$#%2.3!
*(!.2/(7)&%.!5.3(7#2$!*(!-(?.!#2*(!*+.!
)./(%2#O.3!*(G2$!&23!2.G6@!)./(%2#O.3!*(G2$!
*+)(7%+!-&2@!#2/.2*#?.$E!!
5.3(7#2$! ,$#&!
4T#336.!
M&$*90!
Z()3&2!!
F+.!-&[()#*@!
(K!Z()3&2#&2!
5.3(7#2!
A(A76&*#(2!
G&$!(K!*)#8&6!
()#%#2E!
,//(72*$!(K!
B5.3(7#2C!
27-8.)$!#2!
Z()3&2!?&)@!
8@!3.K#2#*#(2E!!
<<=!*(G2$!
G+#/+!).$A./*!
*+.!*)#8&6!
$*)7/*7).!
F+.!Z()3&2#&2!5.3(7#2$!G&2*!*(!$7$*!&!
*)&3#*#(2&6!G&@!(K!6#K.!&23!-&P.!3./#$#(2$!
&8(7*!*+.#)!K7*7).!#2!/(66&8()&*#(2!G#*+!*+.!
%(?.)2-.2*!(K!Z()3&2E!
Claims mostly resolvedE!\(?.)2-.2*!+&$!
)./(%2#O.3!*+.!72#]7.!?&67.!(K!5.3(7#2$'!
/(2*)#87*#(2!*(!*+.!Z()3&2#&2!/76*7).R!
#2/.2*#?.$!(KK.).3!*(!5.3(7#2$!*(!A)(%).$$!
*(G&)3$!-(3.)2!6#K.R!8&$#/!$.)?#/.$!
4.37/&*#(20!+.&6*+0!&23!+(7$#2%9!A)(?#3.3R!
%(?.)2-.2*!&23!5.3(7#2$!/(66&8()&*.!(2!
3./#$#(2$!&KK./*#2%!*+.-R!$.&*$!).$.)?.3!#2!*+.!
^&)6#&-.2*!K()!5.3(7#2$E!
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Group/Tribe! Location
(Continent,
country)!
Number of
People!Area
Occupied!Claim! Status of the Claim
!"#$%! &#'()!"('*(+!
,)-..! -),//!0(12 ! 344567'85!#594:;$85<+(+65!*0'60!'#!<5#'#75=!>?!@(+!A0'+5#5!BC(D$<'7?!E$E%9(7'$+F!
Claims partially resolvedG!H7(7%#!$4!(%7$+$C?!;<(+75=!>%7!6$+49'67#!<5C('+G!&=$E7'$+!$4!(!<5#E567(>95!+(C5!4$<!'+=';5+$%#!E5$E95!Iyuan-zhu-mingJ)!C5(+'+;!$<';'+(9!'+0(>'7(+7#)!'+!705!1KKL!6$+#7'7%7'$+M!5#7(>9'#0C5+7!$4!(!>$=?!$85<#55'+;!'+=';5+$%#!'##%5#!'+!705!65+7<(9!;$85<+C5+7!'+!1KKNG!O+!1KKK)!'+=';5+$%#!(67'8'#7#!#';+5=!705!Treaty of
New Partnership between the Indigenous
Peoples and the Government of Taiwan!*'70!705+!PQQ!E<5#'=5+7'(9!6(+='=(75!H0%':>'(+!A05+G1,!H585<(9!'75C#!'+!705!Treaty!>56(C5!E(<7!$4!705!$44'6'(9!E$9'7'6(9!(;5+=(!(475<!A05+!*(#!'+(%;%<(75=!'+!2...)!'+69%='+;!705!E<$C$7'$+!$4!'+=';5+$%#!#594:;$85<+(+65G!@$*585<)!'+!E<(67'65)!70'#!(%7$+$C?!'#!(EE9'5=!*'70!='44'6%97?G!!!
&='8(#'#! &#'()!O+='(! /LG,!C'99'$+1L ! -,R!6$CC%+'7'5#1R
SEE$#'7'$+!7$!705!H(<=(<!H(<$8(<!Q<$D567!BHHQF)!705!9(<;5!=(C!6$+#7<%67'$+!$+!*'70!705!T(<C(=(!U'85<!'+!705!T(<C(=(!V(995?!>56(%#5!$4!='#E9(65C5+7!6$+65<+#G!!!
Claims unresolvedG!O+!W(<60!2..L)!=5#E'75!705!6$+65<+#!$4!705!XT!A$CC'##'$+!$+!@%C(+!U';07#)!4%<705<!6$+#7<%67'$+!$4!705!=(C!%E!7$!705!05';07!$4!1L,!C575<#!*(#!(99$*5=G!"05!$<';'+(99?!E9(++5=!05';07!$4!705!=(C!*(#!1,/!C575<#G!!
T(C(!BI705!U'6075<#859=!A$CC%+'7?JF!
&4<'6()!H$%70!&4<'6(!
1.)...!B,)...!4<$C!705!U'6075<#859=!A$CC%+'7?F1- !
!/R)...!0(1N U5$66%E(7'$+!$4!9(+=!$4!*0'60!705!6$CC%+'7?!*(#!='#E$##5##5=!$4!'+!705!5(<9?!2.70!65+7%<?)!=%5!7$!E<$#E567'+;!>?!='(C$+=!C'+5<#!
Claims resolved.!O+!2..L)!705!Y(+=!A9('C#!A$%<7!$4!H$%70!&4<'6(!=575<C'+5=!70(7!705!A$CC%+'7?!*$%9=!>5!(*(<=5=!<5#7$<(7'$+!$4!'7#!9(+=!(+=!C'+5<(9!<';07#G!!O+!S67$>5<)!2..-!705!A$CC%+'7?!<5(605=!(!#57795C5+7!*'70!705!H$%70!&4<'6(+!;$85<+C5+7!'+!705!4$<C!$4!(!U1K.!C'99'$+!B(EE<$ZG![2N!C'99'$+F!<5E(7<'(7'$+!E(?C5+7)!'+!(=='7'$+!7$!7<(+#45<!$4!7'795!7$!705!9(+=G!
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! ""
Group/Tribe! Location
(Continent,
country)!
Number of
People!Area
Occupied!Claim! Status of the Claim
#$%&&$'! ()*+%,+-!.+/0+!1*2!30,%*+!
"4-566!7080!+%9!+//:$;,'+<*=8!>-666!$?!<@*!#$%&&$'!/*$/=*!<@*'A*=B*A!"4 !
(C!D*9,!E,B*:-!F=8!E,B*:!+%9!G*A<!.+/0+H!%$!*A<,'+<*A!$?!<@*!+:*+!$))0/,*9!
I=+,'A!?,=*9!,%!J0A<:+=,+%!I$0:<A!+&+,%A<!KL.!K,==,<$%-!+%!J0A<:+=,+%!',%,%&!)$'/+%8!A0//$:<*9!M8!<@*!.+/0+!1*2!30,%*+!&$B*:%'*%<-!?$:!2,9*A/:*+9!*%B,:$%'*%<+=!9+'+&*!90*!<$!<@*!(C!D*9,!7,%*N!
Claims resolved only on paper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Section 1
Indigeneity and the land: The vital link
! !
"#$%!&'!()$%#*+$,#-!,.!,/+!')01&1#-!.(!&$%&2+$.)'!3+.3-+'4!!5.,!.$-6!%.!*.',!&$%&2+$.)'!3+.3-+'!
%+(&$+!,/+*'+-1+'!,/0.)2/!,/+&0!&$,+0#7,&.$!8&,/!,/+!-#$%9!:),!,/+&0!-&1+-&/..%'!%+3+$%!.$!
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#-'.!30.1&%+!#!8#6!,.!7.$,0.-!,/+!0+'.)07+'!0+A)&0+%!,.!7.$,&$)+!,/+&0!8#6!.(!-&(+4! !
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!
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Section 2
Defining borders between indigenous peoples and dominant cultures
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%#$%&'#()*!,'-$'.*!7'1!5%16!16'!7%#%*1'.;!P#'!(3!6%*!3%.*1!-00)*-1%(#*!-&-%#*1!16'!+.(1'*1(.*!5-*!
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selva es nuestra casa:!16'!"#$%-#*=!6(+'!-#$!*+-0'!(3!@',(#&%#&;!<#/!-01%(#!@/!()1*%$'.*!5%16%#!
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Control of geographic borders
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?@ABCD$10.-&%$0(&$&"2&$=0'$E'2+$4.**2)#%$.-$F%'2#*$.-$@ACA$G&"#$'#2*.&6$0=$&"#$+0'/#'$"2H/I$+#503#$2$
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Control of symbolic borders
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@ABC*&!&)#8(.&<!0&)!+.&!"#$%&'()&(,&5!(<!,:&&
&&&&&D#1&%'.&50#$*&6$&<!0&E$0%&!&)!,(;$/!%(8.&)(++/.)!,FF&<'#&".2!).&!&03)"#/&%'.(1&
0%(-)!%(9!%(#,&!0&0!8!-.&!,+&21$./=&'(0&+.!%'&<!0&%'.&;1.%.>%&4#1&+.2!+.0&!2%(#,&!-!(,0%&
(,+(-.,#$0&5!(<!,.0.:&G.0;(%.&1.2.,%&0$22.00.0&(,+(-.,#$0&!2%(8(0%0&(,&4(,+(,-&;#/(%(2!/&!//(.0&
!,+&0%1!%.-(2!//3&)!,.$8.1(,-&5!(<!,.0.&;#/(%(20&%#&%!?.&!&6$74.,-&%.);/.&+#<,*&%'(0&8.,.1!%(#,&
'!0&2#,%(,$.+&%#&%'1(8.:&5'.&6$&)3%'&'!0&0$18(8.+&%<#&+.2!+.0&(,+(-.,#$0&!2%(8(0)&!,+&0%(//&
1.;1.0.,%0&!&03)"#/(2&"#1+.1&".%<..,&H!,&I'(,.0.&!,+&%'.&50#$:&G.0;(%.&%'.&!+8#2!23&!2%(#,0&
%'.&50#$&;.#;/.&!-!(,0%&%'.&8.,.1!%(#,&6$74.,-*&%'.(1&2#,%1#/.1&%'(0&"#1+.1&(0&8.13&41!-(/.*&
!0&+.)#,0%1!%.+&"3&%'.&2#,0%1$2%(#,&!&,.<&%.);/.&(,&CJJB&)(+<!3&".%<..,&K!8(?(&!,+&
5!;!,-$*&%<#&8(//!-.0&%'!%&03)"#/(9.&%'.&1(0.&50#$&.2#,#)(2&!,+&;#/(%(2!/&;#<.1:&
&&&&&&L,&%'(0&2!0.*&%'.&;#<.14$/&1.0#$12.0&%'.&+#)(,!,%&2$/%$1..1;#<.1.+&%'.&1.0(0%!,2.&
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Struggle to control administrative and social borders
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)!(,%!(,&%1("!/&0#8.1.(-,%3&+.0;(%.&%'.&1./$2%!,2.&;1(8!%.&2#);!,(.0&!,+&%'.&0%!%.&-#8.1,).,%&
%#&1.0;.2%&;1.8(#$0&-$!1!,%..0&-(8.,&%#&%'.&P!(,.&%1(".0:&5'(0&(0&!&0%1$--/..1&0#2(!/&!,+&
!+)(,(0%1!%(8.&"#1+.10:&&L,&CJJJ*&%'.&K%!%.&P!(,.&!;;/(.+&%#&%'.&MK&Q,8(1#,).,%!/&N1#%.2%(#,&
R-.,23&SQNRT&4#1&0#/.&!$%'#1(%3&%#&(00$.&<!0%.<!%.1&+(02'!1-.&;.1)(%0&(,&%'.&0%!%.&$,+.1&%'.&
U!%(#,!/&N#//$%!,%&G(02'!1-.&Q/()(,!%(#,&K30%.):&&5'.&N!00!)!O$#++3&!,+&N.,#"02#%&%1(".0&
!0?.+&%'.&QNR&%#&!//#<&%'.)&%#&1.%!(,&E$1(0+(2%(#,.1&<!%.1&1.0#$12.0&<(%'(,&%'.&%.11(%#1(.0&
"./#,-(,-&%#&%'.&%1(".0*&!&2#))#,&!11!,-.).,%&(,&L,+(!,&2#$,%13:&&
&&&&&&6'(/.&<!(%(,-&4#1&%'.&QNR&+.2(0(#,*&%'1..&;!;.1&2#);!,(.0VW1.!%&U#1%'.1,&N!;.1*&
W.#1-(!7N!2(4(2*&!,+&I'!);(#,&L,%.1,!%(#,!/V-!(,.+&"1#!+&!22.00&%#&%1("!/&+#2$).,%0&$,+.1&%'.&
0%!%.X0&D1..+#)&R22.00&R2%&DYRR:FZ&&5<#&+!30&/!%.1*&%'.&K%!%.&P!(,.&+.)!,+.+&%'.&
QNR&%'.&0!).&!22.00&%#&1.2#1+0&(,&!&/.%%.1&(+.,%(2!/&%#&%'.&+.)!,+&"3&%'.&;!;.1&2#);!,(.0:&&&
&&&&&5'.&)#%(8!%(#,0&%'.&;!;.1&2#);!,(.0&!1.&,#%&2/.!1:&H#<.8.1*&!0&)!E#1&;#//$%.10&(,&
P!(,.*&%'.3&)!3&'!8.&4.!1.+&%'!%&%'.&%1(".0&2#$/+&(,4/$.,2.&%'.&QNR&%#&.,4#12.&<!%.1&O$!/(%3&
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&*6,'2",+'&'",5&+,5(%%(*#,'),(*'"!9"*"8,(',&%+),-(#2',2&9",7""*,&*,&''"-3','),3!)9):",&,
1%&!(4(1&'()*,)4,'2",%(-('+,)4,'!(7&%,+)9"!"(#*'./,,,;*,&*.,"9"*'8,'2",'!(7"+,)33)+"6,'2",!"<$"+',)4,'2",
1)-3&*("+8,52(12,'2"*,(*9):"6,=>??,&*6,4(%"6,&,1)-3%&(*',(*,@&(*",0$3"!()!,A)$!','),4)!1",
1)-3%(&*1"/,,
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&*6,'2"!"4)!",+$7C"1','),+'&'",%&5/,,B2",@&(*",'!(7"+,1)*'"*6,'2&','2(+,%&5,(+,*)',&33%(1&7%",'),
'2"-8,#(9"*,'2"(!,4"6"!&%%.D3!)'"1'"6,+)9"!"(#*,+'&'$+/EF,;*,@&.,GHHI8,'2",@&(*",0$3!"-",
J$6(1(&%,A)$!',!$%"6,(*,4&9)!,)4,'2",1)-3&*("+8,+'&'(*#,'2&','2",@&(*",=!""6)-,)4,?11"++,?1',
6)"+,&33%.,'),'2",K"*)7+1)',L&'()*,&*6,'2",K&++&-&<$)66.,B!(7"+,52"*,'2".,(*'"!&1',
#)9"!*-"*'+,)!,&#"*1("+,&*6,52"*,'2",'!(7"+,&1',&+,(4,'2".,5"!",-$*(1(3&%('("+/,,
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@&(*",&*6,'2",'5),;*6(&*,'!(7"+/,;4,+)8,!"%&'()*+2(3+,7"'5""*,@&(*",'!(7"+,&*6,'2",+'&'",&!",
6(44"!"*',4!)-,'2)+",)4,L&'(9",?-"!(1&*,'!(7"+,(*,)'2"!,+'&'"+/,B2",GHHI,!$%(*#,&%+),12&%%"*#"+,'2",
9"!.,"M(+'"*1",)4,'2",'!(7"+,&+,%"#&%,)!,3)%('(1&%,"*'('("+,5('2,6(+'(*1',!(#2'+/,,N9"*,'2)$#2,'2",
'!(7"+,2&9",2(+')!(1&%%.,7""*,#$&!&*'""6,3!)'"1'"6,+'&'$+,7.,'2",4"6"!&%,#)9"!*-"*'8,'2".,-$+',
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3!(9&'",1)-3&*("+,&*6,+'&'",)44(1(&%+/,,
, ?6-(*(+'!&'(9",7)!6"!,(++$"+,!"4%"1',6(44"!"*1"+,(*,'2",+1)3",)4,3)%('(1&%,3)5"!,7"'5""*,
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O)9"!*-"*',&#"*1("+,&*6,)'2"!,#!)$3+,(*,'2",6)-(*&*',1$%'$!",+"":,#!"&'"!,1)*'!)%,)9"!,
(*6(#"*)$+,3")3%",7.,!"6!&5(*#,7)!6"!+,7"'5""*,'2",(*6(#"*)$+,&*6,+$!!)$*6(*#,1)--$*('("+,
&*6,&''"-3'(*#,'),1)*'!)%,52&',2&33"*+,&',&*6,5('2(*,'2)+",7)!6"!+/,?,:".,12&%%"*#",4)!,
(*6(#"*)$+,3")3%"+,(+,'),"M"!','2"(!,)5*,3!"4"!"*1"+,&7)$','2","M'"*',&*6,*&'$!",)4,&6-(*(+'!&'(9",
7)$*6&!("+/,,
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Section 3
Sustaining traditional ways of life
!
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%&%'()*(+,$!/(%#).*9!;*.'#$5!.+<$6')4$!7)1#'!+$!'.!25.#)+)'!.2$5(').*%!,)*=$0!'.!'#$!0)%6.4$5-!(*0!
$>2,.)'(').*!./!*('&5(,!5$%.&56$%!)/!%&6#!(6')4)')$%!6(**.'!+$!#(*0,$0!)*!(*!$*4)5.*7$*'(,,-!.5!
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+&'!)'!7)1#'!(,%.!'#5$('$*!'#$!4$5-!$>)%'$*6$!./!)*0)1$*.&%!2$.2,$%!)*!%$4$5(,!8(-%9?@!!;!2&5$,-!
7(5=$'A+(%$0!$>6#(*1$!7)1#'!$>'5(6'!6.*%)0$5(+,$!4(,&$:!+&'!0)%'.5'!%.6)(,!5$,(').*%!)*!(*!
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$(6#!.'#$5!/.5!)*'$5*(,!,$(0$5%#)29!C(''$5*%!./!0$4$,.27$*'!(%%.6)('$0!8)'#!%.7$!=)*0%!./!
5$%.&56$!&%$!(*0!$>'5(6').*!25(6')6$%!(5$!)*6.72(')+,$!8)'#!'5(0)').*(,!8(-%!./!,)/$!(*0!6&,'&5(,!
25(6')6$%9!D)*(,,-:!7)15(').*!./!*(')4$!2$.2,$%!'.!6)')$%!.5!7)*)*1!6$*'$5%!(*0!'#$!)*'$5*(,!
6.,.*)E(').*!./!)*0)1$*.&%!,(*0%!+-!.&'%)0$5%AA$*6.&5(1$0!+-!6.52.5('$!)*'$5$%'%!.5!'#$!%'('$AA6(*!
0$%'5.-!(+.5)1)*(,!,)/$%'-,$%9?F!
G&5)*1!'#$!HI'#!6$*'&5-!)*!C(2&(!J$8!K&)*$(:!'#$!L.*11.7!2$.2,$!#(4$!%#.8*!(!
5$7(5=(+,$!(+),)'-!'.!(0(2'!'.!*$8!(*0!6#(*1)*1!6)56&7%'(*6$%!(*0!'.!7()*'()*!'#$)5!'5(0)').*(,!
8(-!./!,)/$:!0$%2)'$!+$)*1!5$M&)5$0!'.!7.4$!/5.7!'#$)5!%6(''$5$0!#.7$%'$(0%!(*0!#(7,$'%!./!'#$)5!
6,(*!,(*0%9?N!"#$-!#(4$!(6M&)5$0!,(*0!$,%$8#$5$:!%.7$!./!)'!/(5!/5.7!'#$)5!.5)1)*(,!4),,(1$%:!+&'!
'#$-!#(4$!'5)$0!'.!6&,')4('$!)'!)*!'5(0)').*(,!8(-%9!O*4)5.*7$*'(,,-!&*%&%'()*(+,$!25(6')6$%!('!'#$!
P=!"$0)!7)*$:!7(*(1$0!+-!QRC!Q),,)'.*:!#(4$!7(0$!)'!)72.%%)+,$!/.5!'#$!L.*11.7!'.!6.*')*&$!
'#$)5!'5(0)').*(,!8(-!./!,)/$:!$4$*!('!'#$)5!*$8!,.6(').*%9!O*4)5.*7$*'(,,-!(*0!%.6)(,,-!
&*%&%'()*(+,$!(6')4)')$%!25(6')6$0!.*!'#$!,(*0!8#$5$!)*0)1$*.&%!2$.2,$%!,)4$!<$.2(50)E$!'#$)5!
%&54)4(,!$4$*!7.5$!'#(*!'#$!,.%%!./!'#$)5!'5(0)').*(,!,(*0!)'%$,/9!!!"#$-!7(-!+$!(+,$!'.!7.4$!'.!*$8!
,.6(').*%!(*0!=$$2!'#$)5!6&,'&5$!)*'(6':!+&'!.*,-!)/!%'('$!(*0!6.52.5('$!(6'.5%!25.'$6'!'#$7!/5.7!
$*4)5.*7$*'(,,-!0$%'5&6')4$:!&*%&%'()*(+,$!25(6')6$%9!
!
Control over subsurface resources
S.7$!./!'#$!*(')4$!2$.2,$%!)*!S.&'#!;/5)6(!8$5$!(+,$!'.!7()*'()*!6.*'5.,!.4$5!5$%.&56$%!&*0$5!'#$!
,(*0!'#$-!.66&2)$0!/.5!0$6(0$%9!!"#)%!#$,2$0!'#$7!1$*$5('$!(!%&%'()*(+,$!$6.*.7)6:!%.6)(,:!(*0!
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!"#$%&"'!"()*+,$(-)($&"+$"+(.!+/&''-"$($!,+(.!0+"&1+$".)2$(3+4!(1!!"+(.!+/%!)($&"+&5+(.!+6&-(.+
75%$/)"+6()(!+$"+898:+)";+(.!+!,()2*$,.'!"(+&5+(.!+)<)%(.!$;+%!=$'!+$"+89>?@+")($#!+A.&$,)"+
<!&<*!@+$"/*-;$"=+(.&,!+5%&'+(.!+B)')+(%$2!@+1!%!+5&%/!;+&55+(.!$%+*)";+$"(&+/&"(%&**!;+%!,!%#!,+
20+1.$(!+,!((*!%,+!)=!%+(&+;!#!*&<+)+;$)'&";+'$"!+$"+(.!+C$/.(!%,#!*;+%!=$&"+$"+(.!+5)%+"&%(.1!,(+
<)%(+&5+(.!+/&-"(%03+D-%$"=+)<)%(.!$;@+(.!+$";$=!"&-,+<!&<*!+&5+(.!+C$/.(!%,#!*;+!";-%!;+(.!+
.)%;,.$<+&5+*$5!+$"+(.!+%!,!%#!,+'&%!+,-//!,,5-**0+(.)"+')"0+&(.!%+/&''-"$($!,+20+%!()$"$"=@+)(+
*!),(+(&+,&'!+!E(!"(@+(.!+/)<)/$(0+(&+=&#!%"+(.!',!*#!,3++
F"+899>@+)5(!%+,!#!%)*+0!)%,+&5+<&*$($/)*+(%)",$($&"+$"+6&-(.+75%$/)@+(.!+C!,($(-($&"+&5+G)";+
C$=.(,+7/(+<%&'&(!;+20+(.!+7BH+I75%$/)"+B)($&")*+H&"=%!,,J+=&#!%"'!"(+&55!%!;+)+*)";+%!5&%'+
,(%)(!=03+K)L$"=+);#)"()=!+&5+(.$,+"!1+*)1@+)+=%&-<+&5+B)')+<!&<*!+1.&+.);+.$,(&%$/)**0+
&//-<$!;+(.!+C$/.(!%,#!*;+)%!)+5$*!;+)+*)";+/*)$'3+F"+M::N@+(.!+6-<%!'!+H&-%(+&5+7<<!)*,+&5+
6&-(.+75%$/)+.!*;+(.)(+(.$,+/&''-"$(0+1),+!"($(*!;+(&+)+%!,(&%)($&"+&5+$(,+%$=.(+(&+O!E/*-,$#!+
2!"!5$/$)*+&//-<)($&"+)";+-,!P+&5+$(,+*)";@+$"/*-;$"=+'$"!%)*,@+)";+(.)(+$(,+;$,<&,,!,,$&"+')"0+
0!)%,+!)%*$!%+1),+(.!+%!,-*(+&5+%)/$)**0+;$,/%$'$")(&%0+*!=$,*)($&"3Q:@+Q8+++
+++++F"+M::>@+(.!+H&-%(+)*,&+.!*;+(.)(+(.!+/&''-"$(0R,+.$,(&%$/+&1"!%,.$<+$"(!%!,(+$"/*-;!;+
/&''-")*+&1"!%,.$<+&5+'$"!%)*,+)";+;$)'&";,3QM+K.!+G)";+H*)$',+H&-%(+)1)%;!;+%!,(&%)($&"+&5+
(.!+%$=.(+$"+*)";+)";+'$"!%)*,@+1$(.+(.!+<&(!"($)*+5&%+);;$($&")*+!S-$()2*!+%!;%!,,@+$"/*-;$"=+5-";,+
5&%+!"#$%&"'!"()*+%!'!;$)($&"3+F"+T/(&2!%@+M::U@+(.!+6&-(.+75%$/)"+=&#!%"'!"(+,!((*!;+(.!+
C$/.(!%,#!*;+/*)$'+&-(+&5+/&-%(+5&%+C+89:+'$**$&"+I)<<%&E$')(!*0+VMW+'$**$&"J3QN+++
+++++K.!+/&-%(+%!,&*-($&"+$"+5)#&%+&5+(.!+C$/.(!%,#!*;+/&''-"$(0+)";+(.!+%!,&*-($&"+&5+$(,+*)";+
/*)$',+,(%!"=(.!"+$(,+)2$*$(0+(&+')$"()$"+(%);$($&",+!,,!"($)*+(&+$(,+,-%#$#)*3+K.!+*)";+/*)$'+
!".)"/!;+(.!+C$/.(!%,#!*;+<!&<*!R,+/&"(%&*+&#!%+(.!$%+")(-%)*+%!,&-%/!,+)";+%!,(&%!;+(.!$%+
*$#!*$.&&;,3+F"+M::Q@+(.!+/&''-"$(0+*)-"/.!;+)+/&''-"$(0+<%&X!/(@+(.!+H&''-"$(0+
H&",!%#)"/0@+1.$/.+,!(+),$;!+8U@:::+.!/()%!,+&5+-";!#!*&<!;+*)";+(&+2!+5%!!+5%&'+=%)Y$"=@+(&+
<%!,!%#!+-"$S-!+2$&*&=$/)*+%!,&-%/!,+)";+)((%)/(+(&-%$,(,+(&+(.!+)%!)3+K.!+/&''-"$(0+$,+)*,&+
/&",$;!%$"=+(&-%$,'+)%&-";+(.!+5&%'!%+'$"!+),+1!**+),+,&'!+5&%'+&5+')%$/-*(-%!3++
+++++H&'<*!(!*0+/&"(%&**!;+20+(.!+$";$=!"&-,+/&''-"$(0@+(.!,!+)/($#$($!,+1$**+=!"!%)(!+!"&-=.+
'&"!0+(&+,-<<&%(+)+,-,()$")2*!+*&/)*+!/&"&'03+K.!+,-,()$")2$*$(0+&5+(.!+B)')+<!&<*!R,+1)0+&5+
*$5!+1$**+;!<!";+&"+(.!$%+/)<)/$(0+(&+*!#!%)=!+(.!+5-";,+(.)(+)%!+"&1+(.!$%,@+)";+(&+%!;$%!/(+)";+
%!;$,(%$2-(!+'&"!0+(.%&-=.&-(+(.!+/&''-"$(0+$"+1)0,+(.)(+)%!+,&/$)**0+!S-$()2*!+)";+$"+.)%'&"0+
1$(.+(%);$($&")*+;!/$,$&"Z')L$"=+<%&/!,,!,3++
+
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Control over surface resources
!"#$%&'%()&"*+$,)",-)+.$/"&0#"-$"1$#)+"*#/)+$"&$02)%#$-3&'4430$1%#+0$(-3&/)$3&$"56%"*+$)-)7)&0$"1$
+"6)#)%(&0844/3&$3-+"$/#)30)$/23--)&()+9$:&$02)$;&%0)'$<030)+.$&30*#3-$#)+"*#/)+$"&$=30%6)$
>7)#%/3&$-3&'$236)$5))&$'%6)#0)'$58$02)$1)')#3-$("6)#&7)&0$%&$+)6)#3-$/3+)+9$?2%+$23+$,#)6)&0)'$
02)+)$/"77*&%0%)+$1#"7$73&3(%&($')6)-",7)&0$%&$3$+*+03%&35-)$@389$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$:&$>#%A"&3.$:&'%3&$@30)#$#%(20+$236)$5)/"7)$02)$+*5B)/0$"1$)&'-)++$')530)9$?2#"*(2"*0$02)$
@)+0)#&$,3#0$"1$02)$;&%0)'$<030)+.$-3#()$5-"/C+$"1$*&D*3&0%1%)'$@30)#$#%(20+$#)73%&$*&+)00-)'9$?2)$
>#%A"&3$E30)#$<)00-)7)&0+$>/0$"1$FGGH$I>E<>J$#),#)+)&0+$"&)$3,,#"3/2$0230$23+$5))&$3//),0)'$
58$3--$,3#0%)+$%&6"-6)'$44$&30%6)$0#%5)+.$&"&4&30%6)$@30)#$*+)#+.$3&'$02)$+030)9$>E<>$#)/"(&%A)+$
02)$#%(20$"1$02)$K%6)#$:&'%3&$L"77*&%08$0"$236)$3//)++$0"$(""'$D*3-%08$@30)#$3&'$0"$73&3()$
@30)#$"&$02)%#$#)+)#630%"&9$$
?2)$@30)#$+)00-)7)&0$"11)#+$3$6%+%"&$"1$+)/*#%08$3&'$+035%-%08$1"#$1*0*#)$()&)#30%"&+$@2"$
@%--$5)$35-)$0"$73%&03%&$02)%#$0#3'%0%"&3-$@38$"1$-%1)$@%02"*0$13/%&($02)$23#'+2%,$"1$
')+)#0%1%/30%"&9MH$?2#"*(2$02)$>/0.$02)$NK:L$%+$&"@$%&$/"&0#"-$"1$3-7"+0$23-1$"1$02)$@30)#$%&$02)$
L"-"#3'"$K%6)#$')-%6)#)'$58$02)$L)&0#3-$>#%A"&3$O#"B)/0.$@30)#$,#)6%"*+-8$')-%6)#)'$1#"7$
>#%A"&3$0"$L3-%1"#&%39$?2#"*(2$02)$L)&0#3-$>#%A"&3$O#"B)/0$IL>OJ.$P9M$7%--%"&$3/#)41))0$"1$
L"-"#3'"$K%6)#$@30)#$,)#$8)3#$@%--$5)$5#"*(20$0"$02)$/"*&0%)+$"1$O%73.$O%&3-.$3&'$Q3#%/",39$?2%+$
%+$02)$+%&(-)$-3#()+0$+"*#/)$"1$#)&)@35-)$@30)#$%&$>#%A"&3$3&'$@%--$5)$)++)&0%3-$0"$+*,,"#0$02)$
,"++%5-)$#)5%#02$"1$0#3'%0%"&3-$3(#%/*-0*#3-$3/0%6%0%)+$58$02)$O%73$0#%5)$0230$236)$5))&$353&'"&)'$
"6)#$02)$,3+0$+)6)#3-$')/3')+$5)/3*+)$@30)#$@3+$&"0$363%-35-)9$$$
:&$?3%@3&.$/"77*&%08$)11"#0+$0"$#)6%03-%A)$02)$#%6)#$?3&38%C*$2)-,)'$5*%-'$+"/%3-$/3,%03-$
37"&($02)$&30%6)$?+"*$6%--3()#+9$?2)$#)(%"&$"1$<36%C%$%+$&"@$3$,#"7%&)&0$0"*#%+0$3#)3$1"#$
?3%@3&)+)$@2"$/"7)$0"$6%+%0$3$/"77*&%08453+)'$)/"0"*#%+7$,3#C$0230$()&)#30)+$#)6)&*)+$"1$
35"*0$RSMG.GGG$,)#$8)3#$1"#$3$/"77*&%08$"1$SGG$,)",-)9MM$:&$PTTM.$02)$<36%C%$L"77*&%08$
U)6)-",7)&0$L"*&/%-$I<LULJ$%&%0%30)'$3$1%+2$/"&+)#630%"&$7"6)7)&0$0230$-)'$0"$02)$U3&38%C*$
V/"-"(8$O3#C9$?2)$,3#C$)&35-)+$?+"*$/"77*&%0%)+$0"$73C)$02)%#$"@&$')/%+%"&+$35"*0$2"@$0"$
53-3&/)$)/"&"7%/$')6)-",7)&0$@%02$#)+"*#/)$,#"0)/0%"&9$?2)$,3#C$23+$3-+"$5#"*(20$5)00)#$
%&1#3+0#*/0*#)$3&'$()&)#30)'$%&/"7)$0"$+*,,"#0$+/2"-3#+2%,+$3&'$5%#02$+*5+%'%)+9$:0$%+$5)/"7%&($3&$
)&6%35-)$7"')-$1"#$"02)#$&)3#58$6%--3()+9$:0+$+*//)++$"@)+$7*/2$0"$02)$+"/%3-$6%#0*)+$"1$7*0*3-$
3++%+03&/)$3&'$02)$/-3&$+0#*/0*#)$"1$0#3'%0%"&3-$?+"*$/*-0*#)9$$
<*/2$)11"#0+$@)#)$-30)#$#)/"(&%A)'$58$02)$("6)#&7)&0$@2%/2.$1"#$02)$1%#+0$0%7).$(#3&0)'$
@30)#$#%(20+$0"$3$-"/3-%089$W02)#$?+"*$/"77*&%0%)+$2"+0$3&&*3-$1)+0%63-+$"#$236)$/#)30)'$3$?+"*$
1"*&'30%"&.$+*/2$3+$02)$?+"*$O)",-)$L*-0*#)$X$>#0+$!"*&'30%"&$)+035-%+2)'$%&$FGGP.$0"$2)-,$2"-'$
02)%#$,)",-)$0"()02)#9$?2)$?+"*$3#)$03C%&($1*--$3'63&03()$"1$02)%#$#%(20$0"$+)-14("6)#&3&/)$3&'$3#)$
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!"#$%&'()"(*+*),%&()-.%#()#,/%)%"&,0(0%1.*)20.(!%)-()-.(#.*"+#3.*('.&.#,)./(42(.3")"+#%*5(,&/(
3+0)+#,0(1.*)%6,0(7#"8.3)*9(((
( :-.(3,*.*("1(;#%<"&,(,&/(:,%!,&(*+''.*)()-,)(/%#.3)02(3"&)#"00%&'(&,)+#,0(#.*"+#3.*=(
7,#)%3+0,#02(!,).#=("&()-.(0,&/(!%00(,00"!(%&/%'.&"+*(7."70.*()"(/.6.0"7(,3)%6%)%.*()-,)(*+77"#)(
)-.%#(4,*%3(&../*(,&/('.&.#,).(1+)+#.(.3"&"52>4+%0/%&'(7#"8.3)*(%&(-,#5"&2(!%)-()-.%#(
3"*5"0"'29((
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Control over human resources
?,*)02=(%&/%'.&"+*(7."70.*(&../()"(3"&)#"0(-+5,&(#.*"+#3.*(%&()-.%#(3"55+&%)%.*(%&("#/.#()"(
7#.*.#6.()-.%#(0,&'+,'.=()#,/%)%"&*=(,&/(#%)+,0*9(@"/.0*("1(4%0%&'+,0(./+3,)%"&(1"#(%&/%'.&"+*(
3"55+&%)%.*(-,6.(*-"!&('#.,)(*+33.**(%&(5,%&),%&%&'(%&).#'.&.#,)%"&,0(3"&&.3)%"&*(,&/(-.07%&'(
3-%0/#.&(,3A+%#.()-.(0,&'+,'.*=(*)"#%.*=(,&/(#%)+,0*(.**.&)%,0()"()-.(7#,3)%3.*()-,)(-,6.(4..&(
5,%&),%&./(1"#('.&.#,)%"&*(42()-.%#()#%4.*9(B&(C3+,/"#=(%&(DEEF=(+&/.#()-.(7#.**+#.("1(GHI;BC(
JG"&1./.#,)%"&("1(B&/%'.&"+*(I,)%"&,0%)%.*("1(C3+,/"#K=()-.('"6.#&5.&)(,77#"6./(4%0%&'+,0(
./+3,)%"&(1"#(%&/%'.&"+*(7."70.*9(:-.(,77#"6,0(#.3"'&%<./()-.(/%6.#*%)2("1(.)-&%3('#"+7*(%&()-.(
3"+&)#2=(.,3-(!%)-(%)*("!&(/%*)%&3)(0,&'+,'.(,&/(%/.&)%)29((
L%0%&'+,0(./+3,)%"&(%*(,&(%&/%'.&%<./(%&*)%)+)%"&()-#"+'-(!-%3-(,4"#%'%&,0(7."70.*(3,&(
4.)).#(+&/.#*),&/(,&/(/.6.0"7()-.%#(%/.&)%)%.*9(;*(M+<,&&,(M,!2.#(7"%&)*("+)=(N%)(O%*P(,(7#"8.3)("1(
,&/(1"#()-.(1+)+#.Q("1(%/.&)%)2(3#.,)%"&=(3"55+&%)2(1"#5,)%"&=(,&/(*.01>/.).#5%&,)%"&9(:-+*=(
%&/%'.&"+*(./+3,)%"&(O#.7#.*.&)*P()-.(.5.#'.&3.("1(0"3,0(,0).#&,)%6.*()"(*),).(,&/(3"#7"#,).(
/%*3#%5%&,)%"&=(.R70"%),)%"&=(,&/(/%*,6"!,09STU(B)(1+&3)%"&*(%&(7,#,00.0()"()-.(1"#5,0(*),).(
./+3,)%"&(*2*).59((
(((((((((((H&.("1()-.(5"*)(*+33.**1+0(4%0%&'+,0(./+3,)%"&(%&%)%,)%6.*(%*()-.(M-+,#(V,/%"(C/+3,)%"&(
M2*).5(JMCVLBMWK9((B)(+*.*(#,/%"()"(#.,3-(*)+/.&)*(/%*7.#*./()-#"+'-"+)()-.(M-+,#().##%)"#2(!-"(
5%'-)(4.()""(#.5").()"(,)).&/(N7-2*%3,0S(*3-""0*9(:"/,2=(#,/%"(./+3,)%"&(#.,3-.*(M-+,#(*)+/.&)*(
%&(FXE(0"3,)%"&*9(:-#..(-+&/#./(,&/(1%1)2>"&.(M-+,#().,3-.#*Y(,%/.*(,**%*)(*)+/.&)*(%&(M-+,#(
).##%)"#29(Z&"!0./'.("1(M7,&%*-(-,*(.&,40./(M-+,#*()"(3"&)#%4+).()"(C3+,/"#%,&(7"0%)%3,0(0%1.(,&/(
4+%0/(,(*)#"&'.#(%&/%'.&"+*(5"6.5.&)9(;3,/.5%3,002=(*)+/.&)*(,0*"(0.,#&(,4"+)(M-+,#(3"*5"0"'2=(
)#,/%)%"&*=(,&/()-.(0"3,0(.3"0"'29(
L%0%&'+,0(./+3,)%"&(-,*(*)#.&')-.&./(M-+,#(3+0)+#,0(%/.&)%)2(,&/(.57"!.#./()-.5(,*(,(
'#"+79((MCVLBMW(%*("1).&(*..&(,*(,(5"/.0(1"#(4%3+0)+#,0(./+3,)%"&(%&(#.5").(%&/%'.&"+*(
3"55+&%)%.*(,#"+&/()-.(!"#0/9(B)(/.5"&*)#,).*(-"!(%57"#),&)(%&/%'.&"+*(3"&)#"0("6.#(./+3,)%"&(
3,&(4.(%&(-.07%&'(*)+/.&)*(+&/.#*),&/()-.%#("#%'%&*(,&/(/.1.&/()-.%#(#%'-)*("&()-.(&,)%"&,0(7"0%)%3,0(
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! "#$%$!&'($)!*+%$!#(%,-'($%!(../%,'+,$!,#$!(01-',+2*$!)-'!(23(4$2-/%!1$-1.$%!-)!0+(2,+(2(24!
*-2,'-.!-5$'!1#6%(*+.!+23!*/.,/'+.!'$%-/'*$%7!8**$%%!,-!+!*.$+2!$25('-20$2,!+23!*+'$)/.!
0+2+4$0$2,!-)!)-'$%,%9!:+,$'9!0(2$'+.%9!1$,'-*#$0(*+.%9!+23!0(2(24!:(..!#$.1!,'+3(,(-2+.!1$-1.$%!
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+'$!+..-:$3!,-!*#--%$!#-:!,#$6!:+2,!,-!$5-.5$9!3$)(2$!,#$('!'$.+,(-2%#(1!:(,#!,#$!3-0(2+2,!
*/.,/'$9!+23!*-2,'-.!,#$!3$5$.-10$2,!-)!'$%-/'*$%!-2!,#$('!,$''(,-'6!)-'!,#$('!-:2!&$2$)(,7!!
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Section 4
Using national and international strategies
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Domestic coalitions with political parties
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,"*.0)#'-)(&0.'1&+.'%'1)&+.%0),"$%&%!#$)@#01#%'%'1)!#,#!%&?3)
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Section 5
State reactions to indigenous peoples’ land claims
!
"#$!%&'(&$)*$%!(+,(-.$+!/0!*-+*)$-12%!3$134$%!&1!32'%2$!&#$*'!.4(*5%!#(,$!3'1+2.$+!(!6*+$!'(-)$!
17!12&.15$%!(-+!'$(.&*1-%8!9-!%15$!*-%&(-.$%:!)1,$'-5$-&%!('$!-1&!$,$-!(.;-164$+)*-)!-(&*,$!
&'*/$%<!+$5(-+%!1'!('$!'$%31-+*-)!-$)(&*,$40!&1!&#$*'!.4(*5%8!9-!1&#$'%:!&#$!'$%31-%$!17!&#$!%&(&$!
#(%!/$$-!&1!)'(-&!*-+*)$-12%!)'123%!,('*12%!4$,$4%!17!(2&1-150:!(-+!%15$&*5$%!$,$-!
%1,$'$*)-&0:!&#'12)#!&#$!'$.1)-*&*1-!17!$=2(4!%&(&2%!71'!-(&*,$!&'*/$%8!9-!%15$!*-%&(-.$%:!$,$-!
(2&1-150!*%!-1&!(-!(+$=2(&$!%142&*1->!6$!.(-!$?3$.&!&#$%$!)'123%!&1!+*$!12&8!"#$!.(%$!%&2+*$%!
3'$%$-&$+!/$416!+$%.'*/$!&#$!6*+$!'(-)$!17!'$%31-%$%!/0!&#$!+15*-(-&!.24&2'$!&1!&#$!%&'(&$)*$%!
.#1%$-!/0!*-+*)$-12%!3$134$%8!
!
Type 1 – No reaction or negative reaction by the state
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9-!9%'($4:!@$+12*-%!#(,$!%2%&(*-$+!&#$*'!&'(+*&*1-(4!6(0!17!4*7$!*-!&#$!A$)$,!+$%$'&!71'!
)$-$'(&*1-%8!9-!&#$!4(&$!BCDE%!(-+!$('40!BCFE%:!&#$!)1,$'-5$-&!17!9%'($4!3'$%%$+!@$+12*-%!&1!
'$%$&&4$!*-!%$,$-!34(--$+!&16-%8!9-!&#$!+$%*)-!17!&#$%$!34(.$%!4*&&4$!.1-%*+$'(&*1-!6(%!)*,$-!&1!
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7(.&!&#(&!51'$!&#(-!#(47!17!&#$!@$+12*-%!'$72%$+!&1!51,$8!"#$0!.4(*5$+!&#(&!&#$!*-&$-&*1-!/$#*-+!
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/2&!'(&#$'!(-!$771'&!&1!.1-.$-&'(&$!&#$5!*-!('$(%!&#(&!6124+!$-(/4$!&#$!&'(-%7$'!17!&#$*'!4(-+!&1!&#$!
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Partial resolution of land claims
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+
Recognized and effective autonomy
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#
# TY
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Section 6
Doing the ground work: Preconditions for successful claims !!
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>'%0!%0#'$!'(%#$#,%,6!!7*1$%08!'(!%0#!)*1$,#!*2!/#5&/!*$!&/%#$(&%'<#!+#)','*(!3&?'(5!&$*1(+!/&(+!
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Preparing conditions within the community
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)1/%1$#!&(+!>&4!*2!/'2#!&$#!>*$%0!2'50%'(5!2*$6!@(/#,,!%0',!)*(+'%'*(!',!3#%8!'%!',!1(/'?#/4!%0&%!%0#!
/#&+#$,0'-!>'//!#3#$5#!%*!&+<&()#!'(+'5#(*1,!)/&'3,6!A2!'(+'5#(*1,!-#*-/#!&$#!(*%!-$*1+!*2!%0#'$!
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Section 7!
First Peoples’ land claims: An uncertain future
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References
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,-./012!31$456/$78!09!"6$:01;!<65//!
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T;/7$1W/!E&!;1A!O$#/01!,&!'BCCC+&!Borders: Frontiers of identity, nation and State&!J5=!K06G2!
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! II
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!"#$%&'()*+),-.+/+),0112/+)3&4%&%567.)#"&58%898%"&:;)<95%&755=)>786%&$%&')%&.%'7&"95)57;4?
.787@A%&:8%"&+)B:&<7@@:C)D<"@%'%&:;)E89.%75)F@755)
G:<<9@)G+),HII2/+)The Bedouin and the desert aspects of nomadic life in the Arab East+)D;<:&JC)
E8:87)3&%K7@5%8J)"4)L7M)N"@$)F@755+)
)
O:&'7@)-+P+()Q)R9&"S()-+),-.5+/+),011T/+)Contemporary indigenous movements in Latin
America+)U%;A%&'8"&C)G:'9:@)F@755+)
)
O:J&7)O+),HIIV/+)!"A7):&.)6"A7;:&.C)W67).%:;"'%#5)"4)8@%<:;):&.)&:8%"&:;)%.7&8%8%75)%&)G"@.:&()
F@%N"&C)F@%N"&)3&%K7@5%8J)X@755+))
)
R#B"";()P+)),HIIV/+)Command of the waters: Iron triangles, Federal water development, and
Indian water.)W9#5"&C)W67)3&%K7@5%8J)"4)D@%S"&:)F@755+)
)
R#B9;;J)F+),011H/+)E%;7.)@%K7@5: The ecology and politics of large dams+)O"&."&C)Y7.)*""$5)
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)
R7%@)D+),HII[/+)As nomadism ends+)*"9;.7@C)U758K%7M)F@755+)
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)
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)
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E%&'6()b+E+),HII0/+)People of India: An Introduction+)L7M)N"@$C)c`4"@.)3&%K7@5%8J)F@755+)
)
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!"##$%#&'()'*+,,-.)'/"0#1'23$243#5'6%7"83%$9#':941903#';%7'1<3"0'=91903#)'>$%7$%5'?3;@1"$%'A$$@#)'
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!13B3%#$%'C)'*+,,D.)'Gender and modernity in Andean Bolivia)'E9#1"%5'F%"B30#"1G'$='H3I;#'
J03##)'
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F2230'C;K;09%"'L"#10":1'M$9%:"4&'EJE&'N'/$03#1'J3$243O#'J0$80;PP3)'*DQQQ.)'Mazulingok:
Indigenous peoples, land rights and mining in the Upper Mazaruni)'
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R;%8'!)&'R;%8'C)'N'J9'M)'*+,,D.)'The history of Formosan Aborigines: Tsou//Tai-wan Yuan-
zhu-ming Shi: Tsou-zu-shi Pien'*"%'M<"%3#3.)'S;%T1$95'H<3'U"#1$0":;4'?3#3;0:<'M$PP"##"$%'$='
H;"V;%'J0$B"%:3)'
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R<"13&'?)'*DQQ,.)'Tribal assets: the Rebirth of Native America)'S3V'W$0@5'U3%0G'U$41';%7'
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The Case Studies !
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References$
:13#/-&4$8@$&0-$:''767$F7-&,4$O@$PBKKQR@$LATAUTONOMY-Capítulo Ecuador: Informe Final, Fundación Pueblo Indio del Ecuador4$S*/.7@$$
TN:;%U@$PBKKVR@$Sarayaku4$El Pueblo del Cenit, Identidad y Construcción Étnica4$TN:;%UW;X>%4$S*/.7@$$$
$
Y7'7H)/04$!@$PBKKBR@$80$,#&'5"$7+$-/&172*#Z$U/1$573?&0/#,$&0-$/0-/2#07*,$?#7?1#,$7+$."#$
>5*&-7'/&0$:3&M70@$Canadian Journal of Development Studies B[PQR\$C[[9CC[@$
%/']04$:@$PBKKQR@$Changing interactions between humans and nature in Sarayaku, Ecuadorian Amazon@$X75.7'&1$-/,,@$X#?.@$7+$F*'&1$X#H#17?3#0.$&0-$:2'7#57172(4$%ND@$:5.&$D0/H#',/.&./,$&2'/5*1.*'&#$%*#5/&@$:2'&'/&$H71@$QQ^@$$
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The Mapuche (Chile)
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%References
:9-;*+8%<0%=>??@A0%Indigenous peoples rights in Chile: Progress and
contradictions in the context of globalization.%B()#)+$),%'$%$.)%7'+',*'+%%
:##"3*'$*"+%2"(%C'$*+%:!)(*3'+%'+,%7'(*55)'+%D$/,*)#0%EEF111%7"+6()##0%%
D*!"+%G('#*)(%H+*I)(#*$98%F'+3"/I)(8%7'+','0%J'(3.%>?KL>0%
%
M(9'+8%<0%=LNN>A0%By Reason or by Force: Territory, State Power and Mapuche
Land Rights in Southern Chile.%J'#$)(#%O.)#*#8%H+*I)(#*$9%"2%7'-*2"(+*'8%%
M)(P)-)90%%%
%
Q/!'+%R*6.$#%S'$3.%=QRSA%=LNNTA0%Undue Process: Terrorism Trials,
Military Courts, and the Mapuche in Southern Chile.%:I'*-'5-)%'$U%%
.$$&UVV;;;0.(;0"(6V()&"($#VLNNTV3.*-)>NNTV*+,)W0.$!0%:33)##),%J'(3.%LNNX0%%
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D4+'Y,)(8%J0%=LNNZA%[$.+",)I)-"&!)+$%'+,%,)!"3('$*3%3"+#"-*,'$*"+%*+%%
7.*-)U%$.)%J'&/3.)%\/)#$*"+0%1+%C'+6)(%[0]0%'+,%J/+"48%[0%=[,#0%A8%
Contemporary Indigenous Movements in Latin America0%S*-!*+6$"+8%][U%%
<'6/'(%B()##0%
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The Amerindians (Guyana)
Summer Austin and Jonathan Kaufman
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References
=+&#,!/(>&#+//$4+&"+()4+&"6;(Guyana;($&(?%,/-(:!"#5%%7;(!9!$/!5/+(!#(0##1@AA222'"$!'4%9A"$!A(
185/$"!#$%&.A3!"#5%%7A4+%.A46'0#*/'((
(
B,$33$#0.;(C'(DEFFGH'(Ownership, use, occupation and management of ancestral Akawaio and
Arekuna territory in the Upper Mazaruni;(Guyana'((
I+&&+..6;(J'(DEFFEH'(Amerindian Environmental Politics and Resource Justice in GuyanaI8*!&(
K$40#.(=+&#+,;(L'='(M+,7+/+6;(NEONG;(!9!$/!5/+(!#
0##1@AA222'0,"5+,7+/+6'%,4A-%2&/%!-A,+1%,#P/0+&&+..6'1-3'(
Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Concluding Observations:
Guyana(DEFFGH(=QKR(=%**';(SG,-(T+..';(U(GVE;(L'W'(R%"'(=ABLXA=YANS'(
(
L11+,(Z![!,8&$()*+,$&-$!&(R$.#,$"#(=%8&"$/;()*+,$&-$!&(U+%1/+.()..%"$!#$%&(%3(B86!&!(!&-(
:UU'(DEFFFH'(Indigenous Peoples, Land Rights and Mining in the Upper Mazaruni'(
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The Pima: A Gila River Indian community
(Arizona, United States)
Steven Lewis and Maria Reyes
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&,-2+.1!(+,!9(+")2)#!($-29+1-,)3+.-&'3+%-0)+(-+,!99+.$(1+-&#+.!()#+9)((')0)2(4+D!()#+
$9+-&#+'!#")9(+!23+0-9(+,#)%$-&9+#)2).!<')+2!(&#!'+#)9-&#%)+!23+.)+%!2+2-.+'--=+/-#.!#3+
(-+1)',$2"+-	)';)9+0))(+(1)+/&(&#)+%1!'')2")94+D!()#+9)((')0)2(+.$''+)21!2%)+-&#+
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+
References
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before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy And Natural
Resources and the Committee on Indian Affairs4++L2$()3+E(!()9+E)2!()*+5O7(1+A-2"#)99*+59(+E)99$-2+
-2+E4+6VW4+D!91$2"(-2*+XAM++L4E4+>-;)#20)2(+Y#$2($2"+B//$%)+;$!+>YB+C%%)99+XBA@XM+
/MKO76O4.!$94++?)(#$);)3+-2+X)%)0<)#+V*+UOOZ+/#-0+
1((,M[[/#.)<"!()4!%%)994",-4"-;[%"$<$2[")(3-%4%"$\3<2!0)]5O7^9)2!()^1)!#$2"9_3-%$3]/MKO76O
4.!$9++
+
X)G-2"*+X4+IUOONJ4 History of the Gila River Water Settlements Act 2004+IA1!,()#9++
5`7J4+?)(#$);)3+-2+X)%)0<)#+5*+UOOZ+/#-0+1((,M[[...4"$'!#$;)#4%-0[9)((')0)2(41(0+
+
?)!*+C4+I5KKWJ4++At the Desert's Green Edge: An ethnobotany of the Gila River Pima4+
a&%9-2M++L2$;)#9$(:+-/+C#$F-2!+Y#)994+
+
8%A--'*+X4+I5KK6J4++Command of the waters: Iron triangles, Federal water
development, and Indian Wwater4++a&%9-2M++L2$;)#9$(:+-/+C#$F-2!+Y#)994+
+
E1&#(9*+G4+IUOOOJ4++Indian Reserved Water Rights: The Winters Doctrine in its Social and
Legal Context, 1880’s-1930’s.++Legal History of North America (Vol 8).++S-#0!2M++L2$;)#9$(:+-/+
B='!1-0!+Y#)994+
+WU+
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The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot
(Maine, United States)
J. Eric Kent
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7'.#0$2'-8#23$(,$5((0$9-(046&.$',0$9'9#-$1+22.:$+,$'00+&+(,$&($'8-+642&4-#:$)+."+,8:$',0$&(4-+.1;$$
<&$+.$"(1#$&($.(1#$=>>>$9#(92#$()$)(4-$+,0+8#,(4.$&-+7#.?$&"#$@#,(7.6(&:$@'..'1'A4(003:$&"#$
B(42&(,$C',0$()$*'2+.##&.:$',0$&"#$D-((.&((E$C',0$()$*+61'6.;$$!"#$@#,(7.6(&:$
@'..'1'A4(003:$',0$*'2+.##&$!-+7#.$'-#$()$D28(,A4+,F.9#'E+,8$(-+8+,:$(,#$()$&"#$2'-8#.&$
+,0+8#,(4.$2+,84+.&+6$8-(49.$+,$G(-&"$D1#-+6';$$!"#$*+61'6$2',84'8#$+.$()$'$0+))#-#,&$)'1+23$
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References
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The Native Hawaiians (United States)
Katherine Wallace
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References
<%.,$%+''3#=9#&)8#>())(#?9#@(80A9#@BCCDA9##Islands in captivity: The record of the International
Tribunal on the Rights of Indigenous Hawaiians9##<&6!,+8*(E#?-.1%#F)8#G,(009##
#
H&'.&'&)+3#I9#:9#@BCCBA9##In the name of Hawaiians: Native identities and cultural politics9##
J+))(&/-'+0E#K)+2(,0+1"#-7#J+))(0-1&#G,(009#
#
?$%(.(,3#L9#@BCCBA9##Water and Power in Hawai’i: The Waiahole Water Case and the Future of
the Islands9#K)/.!'+0%(8#8+00(,1&1+-)3#K)+2(,0+1"#-7#<&'+7-,)+&3#?&)1&#<,.M9##
#
K9?9#<-66+00+-)#-)#<+2+'#I+*%103#H&4&++#N82+0-,"#<-66+11((#@K?<<IA9#@OPPOA9#A broken
trust: The Hawaiian Homelands Program: Seventy years of failure of the federal and state
governments to protect the civil rights of Native Hawaiians9##
#
K9?9#<-66+00+-)#-)#<+2+'#I+*%103#H&4&++#N82+0-,"#<-66+11((#@K?<<IA9#@BCCOA9##
Reconciliation at a crossroads: The implications of the apology resolution and Rice v. Cayetano
for federal and state programs benefiting Native Hawaiians9##N#0.66&,"#,(/-,1#-7#1%(#N.*.01#
OPPQ#&)8#?(/1(6!(,#BCCC#<-66.)+1"#R-,.60#+)#H-)-'.'.3#H&4&++9##
#QB#
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The Nisga’a (Canada)
Andrea Glen
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References
!"#"$"%&'()*)+,&!-./01)"&2&3)+4"5"&3"*)-#%&Nisga’a Final Agreement 67&8/4/+*&9::;<%&
"=")."1.>&"*&,**?@AABBBC")#DE)#"DC4DCD"A?(A"4(A#+4"A#)+$>FG>C,*0.&H3-B&3)+4"5"&I)#".&84(>>0>#*&
8D*%&JC'C!C&9:::K&
&
L-..-M%&NC&6OPPP<C&&The world is our witness: The historic journey of the Nisga’a into CanadaC&
!".4"(M@&I)Q*,&R-/+>C&
&
S-+>%&8C&6OPPP<&Spirit dance at Meziadin: Chief Joseph Gosnell and the Nisga’a TreatyC&L"$>)("&
T"(U@&R"(1-/(&T/1.)+,)#4C&&
&
S"/#>*%&VC&69::W<C&Without surrender, without consent: A history of the Nisga’a land claimsC&
X"#D-/=>(@&V-/4."+&2&LDY#*M(>C&
&;W&
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The Tatars of the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea (Ukraine)
Artur Demchuk
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42"#&-112+"%3#:9#,%5',#(%.$'4)&(&;##7$%+%#)&#'#4%%3#/2+#/-+"$%+#4%52")'")24#'43#4%F#',"%+4'")*%#
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References
!,,F2+"$=#L3F'+3;#AL3;D;#ARSSTD;#7$%#7'"'+/#6+)(%'U#G%"-+4#"2#"$%#V2(%,'43;#W-+$'(U#W-I%#
H4)*%+&)"9#X+%&&;##
#
Y+)'4#Z;#[),,)'(&;#AB??RD;#7$%#6+)(%'4#7'"'+&;#7$%#W)'&12+'#L01%+)%4.%#'43#"$%#<2+5)45#2/#'#
\'")24;#]%)3%4U#L;^;#Y+),,;##
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<)&$%+=#!,'4#[;#ARSSTD;#Y%"F%%4#G-&&)'4&=#K""2('4&#'43#7-+I&U#6+)(%'#'43#6+)(%'4#7'"'+&;#
E&"'4:-,U#E&)&#X+%&&;#
#
# TS
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!"#$%&"'()*(+,-$.",/0&(1%2%0&(3/'(%4"(5'$6"2,(72%2'&($,(89'2$,":(;(<$&%/'=(/3(2(>/#$%$?2#(@"A2%"*(
;B2$#2A#"(2%(4%%C:DDEEE*$??'$6"2*/'.D&?4/#2'#=D$,-$.",/0&*4%6#((
(14"B"#(F*(5'$6"2,(72%2'&(2,-(%4"(89'2$,$2,(&%2%":(%4"(?42##",."(/3(C/#$%$?&G(%4"(0&"(/3(#2EG(2,-(
%4"(6"2,$,.(/3('4"%/'$?*(;B2$#2A#"(2%(4%%C:DDEEE*$??'$6"2*/'.D&?4/#2'#=D/&4"B"#*4%6#(
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The Bedouins (Israel and Jordan)
Talia Berman-Kishony
!
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32(!2//'(-!#+!3!943$,!)('*((+!3!'23-#'#/+34!+/83-#9!4#:($';4(!3+-!',(!+3'&2(!/:!8/-(2+!$/9#(';<!
=,($(!9/+:4#9'$!#+7/47(!9/8%4(>!#+'(2'*#+(-!4(.34!#$$&($!/:!%2/%(2';?!43+-?!#-(+'#';?!9&4'&2(?!3+-!
(@&#';<!"($%#'(!$#+9(2(!3+-!$(2#/&$!3''(8%'$!'/!3--2($$!',($(!9/+:4#9'$?!',(!1$23(4#!./7(2+8(+'!3+-!
',(!0(-/&#+$!,37(!2(39,(-!3!-(3-4/9A<!=,(!9/+:4#9'!#$!',2(3'(+#+.!'/!($9343'(!#+'/!7#/4(+9(!#:!4(.34!
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,(4%!#-(+'#:;!34'(2+3'#7(!$'23'(.#($!'/!37/#-!($9343'#+.!',(!9/+:4#9'<!E,#4(!1$23(4!3+-!D/2-3+!)/',!
$,32(!$#8#432!'(+$#/+$!)('*((+!',(!%2#/2#'#($!/:!8/-(2+!$/9#(';!3+-!'23-#'#/+34!+/83-#9!4#:($';4($?!
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/+!#+9(+'#7($!3$!%/$#'#7(!%(2$&3$#/+!8(3$&2($G!1$23(4H$!%/4#9;?!);!9/+'23$'?!#$!432.(4;!&+#43'(234!
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',(!9&4'&2(!$&27#734!/:!#+-#.(+/&$!%(/%4($<!=,#$!943$,!93++/'!)(!2($/47(-!);!/2-#+32;!4(.34!
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9/8%4(><!1$23(4!#$!9&22(+'4;!3''(8%'#+.!'/!8/7(!)(;/+-!',(!I,32/+!%43+!'/!3!8/2(!9/443)/23'#7(!
-#$%&'(!2($/4&'#/+!%2/9($$<!=,(!&+#43'(234!+3'&2(!/:!',(!:#7(B;(32!%43+!3+-!',(!&$(!/:!,32$,!
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32(!83-(!9/443)/23'#7(4;!);!',(!./7(2+8(+'!3+-!',(!0(-/&#+$<!=,#$!.2(3'4;!#+92(3$($!9,3+9($!/:!
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!"!#$%&'"()*'(*+",-%(.*/0'$1*&01*)'&#%&'"(*'(*2),%1$*')*("&*%(%$"3"#)*'(*'4!",&%(&*,1)!15&)6*71*
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2),%1$*%(-*&01*=1-"#'(*!"!#$%&'"(*'(*&01*?131>.*
References
='(*@#0%44%-*A.*The Tribes of Jordan at the beginning of the twenty-first century; Home and
Homeland: The Dialogist of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan.**
*
+%99#,*B.*CDEEFG.*H01*H,%();",4%&'"(*";*=1-"#'(*$';1.*2(*The Bedouin and the desert aspects of
nomadic life in the Arab East.*I$9%(:J*B&%&1*K('>1,)'&:*";*?17*L",M*N,1)).*
*
O%:(1*O.*CDEEPG.*Q"41*%(-*0"41$%(-J*H01*-'%$"3'5)*";*&,'9%$*%(-*(%&'"(%$*'-1(&'&'1)*'(*+",-%(6*
N,'(51&"(J*N,'(51&"(*K('>1,)'&:*!,1)).**
*
@1',*I.*DEER.*As nomadism ends.*="#$-1,6*<S6*KBIJ*/1)&>'17*N,1)).*
*
T")1(8U>'*2.*CVWWPG.*The reemergence of space: the case of the Bedouin6*Q%';%*K('>1,)'&:6*2),%1$.*
*
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The Tsou (Taiwan)
Shunling Chen
!
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References
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The Adivasi (India)
Shizuka Hashimoto
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!
References
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34C(F!=>%$4(&%,?)!345!X4CJ%2!
! .S.
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The Richtersveld Community (South Africa)
Jessica Tucker-Mohl
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References
*
+;.,.$:*>&*?@((AB&*+,"*<#0,2";3="-/*78116$#29*C*D2,";3*=&*E-"FG8;*H2/&I*J"0-.;.2#8$*84*.*
K<#%,2*#$*H.$/L*2,;86%,*.*063281.;9*M$2";"32&*N"23*32.%"*48;*#$2;8/602#8$*84*E!8;#%#$.-*+#2-"*#$28*
N862,*E4;#0.$*-"%.-*3932"1&*12*Tul. J. Int’l & Comp. L.:*OPOQOR@&*
*
S#;G";:*D&*?@(('B&*+,#3*-.$/*#3*19*-.$/I*+,"*"=8-62#8$*84*T;8T";29*;#%,23*.$/*-.$/*;"48;1*#$*N862,*
E4;#0.&*Conn. Int’l Law J. l 621&*
*
U;833*E&*?@((AB&*+,"*78$32#262#8$:*;"08$0#-#.2#8$:*.$/*2;.$3#2#8$.-*V632#0"I*H"338$3*4;81*N862,*
E4;#0.*.$/*M3;."-&L*40 Stan. J. Int’l Law 47&*
*
H""*<&*?@(('B&*M$/#%"$863*<#%,23*.$/*2,"*W8-#2#03*84*M/"$2#29*#$*W832QET.;2,"#/*N862,*E4;#0.&*M$*
X.;2,8-81"5*J".$*.$/*Y";81"*Z&*H"=#*?"/3&B:*At the Risk of Being Heard:*R(Q[(A&*
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The Yonggom (Papua New Guinea)!
Autumn Graham
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References
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ABBJ8(DEKI,6(?"0+-,(F"1+)"&+1.(L&"M$0)(N$3"&)(H"8(O(;"&(DE(=$2+(F+1+1.(P+5+)$28(98(((
(
>+&/0*'(?8(@ABBQC8(R0)+1.(.,"7-,,6S(T0"K3",+)+0/(+1(L-34-(H$#(U4+1$-'(University of Michigan
Journal of the International Institute, 3(@9C8(R%-+,-7,$(-)(
*))3SVV###845+0*8$24VW++1$)VM"4&1-,V%",91"9VE+&/0*8*)5,(
(
>+&/0*(?8(@ABBQC8(X,$-1+1.(43(DE(=$2+S(?$)),$5$1)(;-%"&/(G"1.."5(3$"3,$8(University of
Michigan Journal of the International Institute, 4 @AC8(R%-+,-7,$(-)(
*))3SVV###845+0*8$24VW++1$)VM"4&1-,V%",:1"AV"E)$2+8*)5,((
(
Y-0E/"1'(N+0*-&2(=8(@JZZ9C8(Muddying the waters of the Fly: Underlying issues or stereotypes?
Resource Management in Asia-Pacific Working Paper No. 418(N$/"4&0$(F-1-.$5$1)(+1(R/+-K
L-0+;+0(L&".&-5S(X-17$&&-8((
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[4&)"1'([8(@ABBB'(R4.4/)(AJC8(BHP -25+)/(DE(=$2+(5+1$(+/($1%+&"15$1)-,(2+/-/)$&8(Asia
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Notes
Introduction What is Indigenity?
"$!%&&'()*+,!-'!-./!"00#!1'2345-*'+!6/+737!5+)!-./!15+!%8/(*&5+!9/54-.!:(,5+*;5-*'+!<.--2=>>???$25.'$'(,>/+,4*7.>@9%>2(A4/&3$.-8B$!C!$D'+;54/;E!9$!<"0FGB$!1('2*/)5)!&'83+*-5(*5!'!*+)*H*)354$!I57!4/J/7!*+)*,/+57!J!/4!23/K4'!L523&./$!NutramE!M/5(!NNE!O$P$!O$!General Information on the Amerindian Population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ative Hawaiian Reorganization Act,!hearing before the Committee on
Indian Affairs$!0$!:AA*&/!'A!95?5**5+!%AA5*(7!<:9%B$!<C##GB$!I57-!5&&/77/)!Z/K(35(JE!FE!C##P!5-!.--2=>>???$'.5$'(,$!"#$!@2//&.!KJ!6.*/A!['7/2.!D'7+/44!-'!-./!\(*-*7.!6'438K*5!I/,*745-3(/E!C!]/&/8K/(!"00FE!U3'-/)!*+!^'7/E!%$!<_)$B$!<C###B$!Spirit dance at Meziadin: Chief Joseph Gosnell and the Nisga’a Treaty$!L5)/*(5!15(W=!95(K'3(!13K4*7.*+,$!""$!V.*7!45+)!.57!K//+!5&U3*(/)!-.('3,.!-./!T*7,5`5!V(/5-J!'A!C###$!!"C$!V.*7!5(/5!(/2(/7/+-7!?.5-!*7!&544/)!-./!N+)*,/+'37!^/7/(H/)!I5+)$!"O$!V./!Treaty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a$@$!<"00CB$!People of India: An IntroductionE!:XA'()!R+*H/(7*-J!1(/77E!R@%$!!V.'3,.!-./!+38K/(!'A!-./!%)*H57*7!?57!/7-*85-/)!-'!K/!FQ$O!8*44*'+!2/'24/!<GOS!&'883+*-*/7B!57!5!?.'4/E!+'-!544!'A!-./8!?/(/!*+H'4H/)!*+!)*723-/7!'H/(!-./!@@1$!!V./!/7-*85-/!'A!2('b/&-!5AA/&-/)!2/'24/!H5(*/7!7*,+*A*&5+-4J!)/2/+)*+,!'+!?.'!&54&345-/!*-$!!%&&'()*+,!-'!-./!*+)/2/+)/+-!(/H*/?!KJ!L'(7/!c!\/(,/(E!/7-*85-/)!+38K/(!'A!2/'24/!5AA/&-/)!KJ!-./!@@1!*7!"00ES##!'A!?.*&.!SGd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e\37.8/+`!5+)!]'3K4/!f*7*'+=!-./!gh+/U!g!a.'85+*!@5+!I5+)!645*8!5+)!-./!634-3(54!1'4*-*&7!'A!e6'883+*-J`!5+)!e]/H/4'28/+-`!*+!-./!a545.5(*$!Journal of Southern African
StudiesE!(27)!QE!FOOYSO$!"P$!V.*7!5(/5!?57!5?5()/)!KJ!-./!@'3-.!%A(*&5+!I5+)!645*87!6'3(-!*+!5!(34*+,!*+!C##Q$!!"F$!@&.''(4E![$!<"00OB$!Culture and change among the Muyu.!V(5+745-/)!KJ!D![!H5+!_X/4$!W*-4H!V(5+745-*'+7!@/(*/7!CO$!I*/)/+=!a*-4H!1(/77$!V./!M'+,,'8!5(/!5!73KY,('32!'A!-./!L3J3$!Z*,3(/7!A('8!15235!?/K!
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Section 1!Indigenity and the land: The vital link
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Meziadin: Chief Joseph Gosnell and the Nisga’a Treaty8!C*3$+#*!T*#Q<!Y*#:&'#!T':.+%0+,28![\U[]!
448!P&%$5!S8!H4666J8!Spirit dance at Meziadin: Chief Joseph Gosnell and the Nisga’a Treaty8!C*3$+#*!T*#Q<!
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4N8!R*;+%Q*#5!S)+-*!H"EEI). In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts over Development in the Narmada
Valley5!VFS5!?WD!V,+;$#%+-/!T#$%%8!""IU""]8!
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*,3!F8!_$,,$!H$3%8J8!H466[J8!Islands in Captivity: The Record of the International Tribunal on the Rights of
Indigenous Hawaiians8!!M*):#+32$<!F&'-0!Z,3!T#$%%8!4E"UN6"8!
4I8!VF!M&))+%%+&,!&,!M+;+.!P+20-%5!Y*>*++!S3;+%&#/!M&))+--$$!HVFMMPJ8!H466"J8!Reconciliation at a
crossroads: The implications of the apology resolution and Rice v. Cayetano for Federal and State
programs benefiting Native Hawaiians. A summary report of the August 1998 and September 2000
Community Forums in Honolulu, Hawaii8!!F$$!0--7<==>>>8'%((#82&;=7':%=%*(=0+6\6"=7#$D80-)!
O+Q$Q$!F(0$'$#5!G8!H4664J8!!Water and power in Hawaii: The Waiahole water case and the future of the
islands8!!V,7':.+%0$3!3&(-&#*.!3+%%$#-*-+&,5!V,+;$#%+-/!&D!M*.+D&#,+*5!F*,-*!M#'`8!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$%&!'()!*+,-*)./012!3./040/0)-!5)6!/,!01/)+!316!01/+3!)/(10.!.,1750./-8!60-/9+:31.)!,7!70-()-!316!23;)!69)!/,!01.+)3-)6!1,0-)!316!.,1-)<9)1/!6).+)3-)!01!343053:050/=!,7!7,,6!+)-,9+.)-8!6)-/+9./0,1!,7!/+))->!;)60.0135!*531/->!316!5)34)-!9-)6!/,!:9056!+,,7-8!;050/3+0?3/0,1!,7!/()!/)++0/,+=!316!6)3/(!/(+)3/-!/,@3+6-!.,;;910/=!;);:)+-8!0-,53/0,1!,7!/()!/)++0/,+=!69)!/,!+,36-!.5,-0128!0;*,--0:050/=!/,!.3++=!,9/!.)+);,10)-!69)!/,!-)0-;0.!501)-!.+,--012!*3+/-!,7!/()!-3.+)6!7,+)-/>!0;*,--0:050/=!/,!.3++=!,9/!/()!311935!.)5):+3/0,1!AB0-/3C>!316!@3+!:)/@))1!-(3;31-!7+,;!/()!3+)3&!DEFGHI&!J#KKLM&!Sarayaku>!El pueblo del cenit, identidad y
construcción étnica&!DEFGHINGOPHQ!R90/,&!!!$S&!T19/-,1!U,,6-!'&>!V5301)!T&>!W!D+31.0-.,!E&!J#KK#M&!IX,6(3;!Y0;632!3-!3!-,9+.)!,7!-/+)12/(!316!@)551)--!3;,12!/()!',(,1,!IX,6(3;!,7!H,9/()+1!F+0?,13!316!Z,+/()+1!H,1,+3>![)\0.,!Q!H=;*,-09;!,1!Z3/04)!F;)+0.31!@)551)--& Journal!of Sociology and Social Welfare, 29!J"M>!$L]L$&!!Section 2!Defining!borders between indigenous peoples and dominant cultures
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Section 5!State reactions to indigenous peoples’ land claims!
!
XH%!=((!P'*+1(0!H!/2!A/.(3_g?;!M%!EFGG#I%!The reemergence of space: the case of the Bedouin.!`*;2*!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!$%&!'()*+,(-.!/&!0"11#2&!In the belly of the river: Tribal conflicts over development in the Narmada Valley&!345!67-,8!9:;7-<!=>*)4-+*?@!A-4++&!$$&!A(?5(-<B(>.!/&!0CDDD2&!Dams and Tribal People in India&!E7>?-*FG?*>H!I(I4-!?7!JB4K(?*L!M4)*45!"&C8!N(K+.!O><*H4>7G+!A47IP4!(><!)GP>4-(FP4!4?B>*L!K*>7-*?*4+.!I-4I(-4<!(+!(>!*>IG?!?7!?B4!Q7-P<!E7KK*++*7>!7>!N(K+.!E(I4!J75>.!()(*P(FP4!(?8!B??I8RR555&<(K+&7-HR<7L+R,F(+4RL7>?-*FR+7LCD$&I<;!0P(+?!(LL4++4<!S4F-G(-@.!T.!CDD$2&!$T&!U7-+4.!'&!(><!JB7K(+!'&!0"11C2&!Sardar Sarovar: Report of the Independent Review&!9??(5(8!M4+7G-L4+!SG?G-4+!O>?4->(?*7>(P&!$1&!U*>*>H!I-7<GL?+!+GLB!(+!?*KF4-.!H7P<.!(><!F(G:*?4!L7>+?*?G?4!"%V!7;!WG@(>(X+!4L7>7K@&!O>!CDD%.!?B4!-4+4-)4+!7;!;7-4*H>!4:LB(>H4!(><!H7P<!(K7G>?4<!?7!YC1Z&1!K*PP*7>&![44!B??I8RR555&L*(&H7)RL*(R!IGFP*L(?*7>+R;(L?F77,RH47+RH@&B?KP&!TD&!JB4!\LG(<7-*(>![?(?4!L7>+*<4-+!?B(?![(-(@(,G!<*<!>7?!4:B(G+?!(PP!>(?*7>(P!*>+?-GK4>?+!F4;7-4!I-4+4>?*>H!?B4*-!LP(*K+!(?!?B4!*>?4->(?*7>(P!P4)4P&!/+!(!L7>+4]G4>L4.!?B4![?(?4!7;!\LG(<7-!<*<!>7?!(??4><!(!K44?*>H!*>!U(-LB.!CDDZ!L(PP4<!F@!?B4!O>?4-!/K4-*L(>!E7KK*++*7>&![44!O>?4-^/K4-*L(>!E7KK*++*7>!7>!_GK(>!M*HB?+&!0CDDZ.!9L?7F4-!"`2&!Report #64/04 Petition 167/03, Admissibility, The Kichwa Peoples of the
Sarayaku Community and Its Members&!/)(*P(FP4!(?!B??I8RR555&L*<B&7-HR(>>G(P-4IRCDDZ4>HR\LG(<7-&"%$&D`4>H&B?K!T"&!aJB4!7*P!L7>L4++*7>!*+!(![?(?4!<4L*+*7>!H7)4->4<!F@!?B4!L7>+?*?G?*7>(P!I-*>L*IP4!7;!IGFP*L!<7K(*>!7)4-!>(?G-(P!-4+7G-L4+!7;!?B4!+GF+7*P.!(><!?B(?!?B4!L7>?-(L?!P4H(PP@!4>?4-4<!*>?7!5*?B!?B4!EWE!L7>+?*?G?4+!(>!(L?!<7L?-*>(PP@!,>75>!(+!(>!(L?!7;!(<K*>*+?-(?*)4!L7>L4++*7>b&!0c2![B7GP<!(>!(L?!7;!?B*+!>(?G-4!L(G+4!7-!I7?4>?*(PP@!L(G+4!B(-K!?7!(!I-*)(?4!*><*)*<G(P.!+GLB!(+.!;7-!4:(KIP4.!4>)*-7>K4>?(P!B(-K.!\LG(<7-*(>!P4H*+P(?*7>!I-7)*<4+!;7-!(>7?B4-!?@I4!7;!P4H(P!(L?*7>!?B(?!*+!(<4]G(?4!(><!4;;4L?*)4!(+!-4]G*-4<!F@!?B4!O>?4-^/K4-*L(>!E7G-?b&!/>!(L?!7;!(<K*>*+?-(?*)4!L7>L4++*7>!*+!(>!(L?!?B-7GHB!5B*LB!?B4![?(?4!(G?B7-*d4+!I-*)(?4!I(-?*4+!?7!L(--@!7G?!L4-?(*>!(L?*)*?*4+!?B(?.!*>!I-*>L*IP4.!(-4!G><4-!*?+!IG-)*45&![44!O>?4-^/K4-*L(>!E7KK*++*7>!7>!_GK(>!M*HB?+&!0CDDZ.!9L?7F4-!"`2&!Report #64/04 Petition 167/03, Admissibility, The
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Rights – Ecuador, Oil Rights or Human Rights&!/P+7.!(+!+77>!(+!B4!H7?!4P4L?4<!*>!37)4KF4-!CDDC.!A-4+*<4>?!WG?*4--4d!(>>7G>L4<!?B(?!?B4!7*P!4:?-(L?*7>!*>!?B4!'P7L,!C`!5*PP!F4!L(--*4<!7G?!*><4;*>*?4P@!(><!?B4!K*P*?(-@!+4>?.!*;!>4L4++(-@&!T`&!JB4!4:I-4++*7>!aP4H(P!(KF*HG*?@b!*+!G+4<!F@!MG++4PP!'(-+B!*>!?B4!=[!L(+4!*>!5B*LB!?B4!a(G?7>7K7G+!(G?B7-*?@!7;!O><*(>!?-*F4+!*+!-4L7H>*d4<!F@!E7>H-4++!(><!?B4!L7G-?+.!FG?!?B4-4!(-4!>7!LP4(-!F7G><(-*4+!F4?544>!?B4!L7KI4?4>L4+!7;!S4<4-(P.![?(?4.!(><!O><*(>!*>+?*?G?*7>+&b!'(-+B.!M&!0"11$.!eG>42&!Effective
negotiation by indigenous peoples&!O>?4->(?*7>(P!f(F7-!9-H(>*d(?*7>.!I(-?!O.!T&!!TZ&![44!B??I8RR555&+(-(@(,G&L7KR7*PR>45+D%""C1&B?KPg4>H!T#&!'(-+B.!M&!0"11$.!eG>42&!Effective negotiation by indigenous peoples.!W4>4)(8!O>?4->(?*7>(P!f(F7-!9-H(>*d(?*7>&!T&!T%&!B??I8RR555&>dB*+?7-@&>4?&>dRI7P*?*L+R?-4(?@R?B4^?-4(?@^*>^F-*4;!!T$&!B??I8RR?-4(?@7;5(*?(>H*&H7)?&>dR+?7-@R+B7-?+?7-@&IBI!!TT&!B??I8RR?-4(?@7;5(*?(>H*&H7)?&>dR+?7-@R?-4(?@<4F(?4<&IBI!!T1!B??I8RR?-4(?@7;5(*?(>H*&H7)?&>dRL(+4+?G<*4+R>H(*?(BG&IBI!!1D&!9X[GPP*)(>.!N&. The Politics of Indigeneity and Contemporary Challenges to Maori Self-Determination.!M4;4-44<!I(I4-!I-4+4>?4<!?7!?B4!/G+?-(P(+*(>!A7P*?*L(P![?G<*4+!/++7L*(?*7>!E7>;4-4>L4!=>*)4-+*?@!7;!/<4P(*<4!C1![4I?4KF4-!^!"!9L?7F4-!CDDZ.!I&#^%&!O>!eG>4!CDD`.!*>!Ngati Apa v. Attorney General.!?B4!E7G-?!7;!/II4(P!5(+!(+,4<!?B4!;7PP75*>H!]G4+?*7>8!aN74+!?B4!U(7-*!f(><!E7G-?!B()4!hG-*+<*L?*7>!?7!L7>+*<4-!?*?P4!?7!?B4!;7-4+B7-4!(><!+4(F4<i&b!JB4!L7G-?X+!(>+54-4<!j@4+X.!FG?!5*?B!?B4!L(G?*7>!?B(?!?B4!?4+?!;7-!+GLB!L7>+*<4-(?*7>!-4+GP?*>H!*>!;44!+*KIP4!?*?P4!5(+!B*HB!(><!P*,4P@!?7!F4!H-(>?4<!7>P@!-(-4P@&!S7PP75*>H!?B*+!<4L*+*7>.!(!I7P*?*L(P!4:(HH4-(?*7>!(F7G?!?B4!*KIP*L(?*7>+!7;!?B4!L7G-?X+!<4L*+*7>!P4<!U(7-*!?7!(<7I?!(!<4;4>+*)4!(??*?G<4&!JB4!H7)4->K4>?X+!(LL4I?(>L4!7;!?B(?!4:(HH4-(?*7>!*+!*><*L(?*)4!7;!(!I-4)(*P*>H!I7P*?*L(P!LP*K(?4!7;!<*+?-G+?+!?7!U(7-*!(+I*-(?*7>!?7!4:I-4++!*?+!75>!*<4>?*?@&!!1"&!9X[GPP*)(>.!N&. The Politics of Indigeneity and Contemporary Challenges to Maori Self-Determination.!M4;4-44<!I(I4-!I-4+4>?4<!?7!?B4!/G+?-(P(+*(>!A7P*?*L(P![?G<*4+!/++7L*(?*7>!E7>;4-4>L4!=>*)4-+*?@!7;!/<4P(*<4!C1![4I?4KF4-!^!"!9L?7F4-!CDDZ.!I&1&!/LL7-<*>H!?7!9X[GPP*)(>.!JB4!Nationhood [I44LB!<4P*)4-4<!
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"FF7!D(4.:<!G7!H"XXTI!Historical dictionary of Honolulu and Hawaii7!!]42+49J!-+,!N64(,6(&'!E(,007!
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Community Forums in Honolulu, Hawaii7!!N,,!+%%;J[['''71066(7:&?[;1/0[046[+.$F$"[;(,*7+%9!
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the civil rights of Native Hawaiians$!
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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!The Nisga’a (Canada)
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