Addressing Multipurpose Infrastructure Challenges:

An Overview from Innovative ApproachesStockholm, Feb. 23, 2010

Ousmane DioneLead Water Resources Spec.

The World Bank

MY THEMES

1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries

2. Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities;

3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Benefit Sharing

4. In conclusion…

Storage per capita in arid countries

Source: World Bank analysis of ICOLD data

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cubic meters per capita

The infrastructure divide…..

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500 kWh/capita-year minimum consumption for reasonable quality of life

even wider for energy access

69%

33%7%

75%

22%

49%

Source: World Atlas of Hydropower & Dams, 2002

While Europe, North America and Australasia have developed most of the HEP, it is clear that substantial new development would be

expected in South America, Africa and Asia.

storage & regulation (flood & drought)

Water resources

Multi-purpose options

irrigation

water supply

navigation, recreation..

‘new’ renewable

Power

Options analysis

thermal

nuclear

Multi-purpose,byproduct

hydropower

Single-purpose, primary

Multipurpose infrastructure: The entry points:

Irrigated Agriculture

Flood mngmt.

WatershedManagement

RegionalTransmissionSystem

LocalCommunityInfrastructure

HydrometSystem

Hydropower

From Single Output …to Multiple Interests

Growth PoleInvestments

Energy for growth

Fisheries & aquatic ecosystems

Climate Change, an additional new challenge:Yet, very little guidance on “How to do it” in water infrastructure…

Climate change literature

awareness

what to do how to do it

An urgent need to adapt to water extreme and secure energy needs…

MY THEMES

1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries

2. Multipurpose infrastructure: from Challenges to Opportunities;

3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Benefit Sharing

4. In conclusion…

b

Sequencing and prioritizing options can be complex...

But credibility lay on actions on the ground.

Turning the challenges to opportunities: Exploring the options

Option 1: Are there low hanging fruits?Engage earlier in rehabilitation of strategic infrastructure that yield benefits and provide opportunities for further regional developments

Mount Coffee Hydro Plant

Kainji Hydro plant

Towers but no conductors

Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the Options

Option 2: Engage on new infrastructure, ready to be launched as catalyst for quick payoffs and plan smoothly bigger ones.

Both processes could be accompanied by Institutional reforms and strengthening.

Félou hydropower site

Gouina Hydropower site

West Kosi Hydropower site

AKHORI DAMAKHORI DAM

MUNDA DAMMUNDA DAM

DIAMER BASHA DAM

KURRAM TANGI DAM

KURRAM TANGI DAM

Option 3: Support on-going feasibility studies and then invest on best options (e.g. Indus River Basin)

Turning the Challenges to Opportunities: Exploring the Options

Name of Project Live

Storage(MAF)

Irrigable Area (Acres)

InstalledCapacity

(MW)

Status/Completion Date

Basha Diamer Dam 6.40 4,500 2019-20

Mangla Raising 2.90 - 180 April 2009

Gomal Dam 1.14 163,086 17.4 October 2010

Satpara Dam 0.08 19,920 15.8 September 2009

Munda Dam 0.67 740 MW 2015

Kurram Tangi Dam 0.90 83.4 MW 2012

Akhori Dam 6.00 600Engineering Design being undertaken

Pipeline of River regulation projects in the Indus Basin (Pakistan)

Four main challenges associated with multipurpose development

• Technical challenges could be broad but rarely stop project implementation;

• Institutional challenges vary within a large spectrum of cases (e.g. up to trans-boundary issues);

• Environmental and Social challenges associated with safeguards and Benefits sharing are among the most controversial and often stale multipurpose projects;

• Financial challenges arising from various sources (e.g. cost overrun)

Overlap of these challenges, is the main obstacle for multipurpose in developing countries.

MY THEMES

1. Multipurpose infrastructure decline: An evidence for poor developing countries

2. Multipurpose infrastructure: Challenges and Opportunities;

3. Scaling up multipurpose infrastructure: From Constraints to Enabling Framework

4. In conclusion…

ROR-1

ROR-1

ROR-1

ROR-1

Storage

Well articulated, Multipurpose development can bring Benefits to Nation (s) and the Communities

1. Watershed Management(soil & water mgt, agric. productivity)

Forest

3. Irrigation

4. Fisheries

5. Flood Control

6. Other Benefits:•Economic Multipliers •Reducing hydrologic risks•Regional cooperation

2. Community Basic Services(e.g. water supply, electricity)

Lifecycle Community Power Royalties

Opportunities:• Choice of the most suitable sites;•Optimize water resources in a cascade approach;• Define benefit sharing in a broader and multi-sectors context;• Ensure synergies of actions on the ground;• Bring riparian together and minimize trans-boundary tensions;•Design reservoirs in a more sound manner (length vs width)….

Exploring multipurpose development: Basin perspective

Niger River Basin Niger Basin at glance

• Basin Organization: Niger Basin Authority.

• Creation: 1963 • Recent Legal agreement:

NBA convention 1980

• Riparian countries: Benin, Burkina Faso,

Cameroon, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Niger & Nigeria

Active area: 1.5M km2

Population: 100 million

Water flows:River length: 4200 km Maxi: 200 km3 / year

Mini: 0 at Niamey (1985)

Senegal River BasinSenegal Basin at glance

•Basin Organization: OMVS.

•Creation: March 11, 1972 •Recent Legal agreement: Inclusive Framework (2005)

•Riparian countries: Guinea, Mali, Mauritania& Senegal.

•Active area: 380,000 km2

•Population: ±13 million.

•Water Resources: -River length: 1800 km -Maxi: 30 km3 /year -Mini: 0.1Million

Addressing the Institutional Framework is Critical

• Niger Basin: overall reform of the Niger Basin Authority (NBA);

• Framework between the regional, the national and the local levels (through consultations and planning) defined;

• Senegal River Basin: Inclusion of Guinea within OMVS framework;

• Senegal River Basin: OMVS institutional chart revised to include the three levels (regional, national and local);

Council of Ministers

Summit of Heads of State

OMVS High Commission

Consultative Organs (Planning, Consultation & Regulation)

09 LCCs

Local Coordination Committees

OMVS Mali

OMVS Senegal

OMVS Mauritania

OMVS Guinea

08 LCCs14 LCCs07 LCCs

National Cells

Getting the institution right: OMVS organogram

Regional level

Ensure timely consultations and communications with stakeholders on specifics

• Niger River Basin: Fada Ngurma Forum is the civil society consultative framework for the basin development issues;

• Senegal River Basin: NGO’s union (CODESEN and CONGAD) are the key interlocutors;

• Senegal River Basin: Local Coordination Committees representatives participate in OMVS Permanent Water Commission (PWC);

• Ensuring that linkages between the regional, the national and local are also translated into actions on the ground.

Consultations of stakeholders and trainings on development issues

Ensure that Environmental and Social issues are properly addressed:

From safeguards compliance to grassroots benefits and ownership:

• Identify at an early stage the benefits at stakes and include them in the design;

• Integrate benefit packages as appropriate (e.g. irrigation and rural electrification);

• Build ownership and foster inclusion as they are critical for success.

• Provide benefits to stakeholders and communicate on results with links to the multipurpose infrastructure;

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Rural Electrification based on existing transmission lines

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Irrigation development in the Senegal Valley

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Agroforestry and Watershed Management in the Fouta Djalon

BEFORE AFTER

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Development of Fishery in the Senegal Valley

BEFORE

AFTER

Ensuring Benefits Sharing: Reduction of Water Borne Diseases (Malaria & Bilharzia)

Scaling up cooperative benefits from multipurpose: The results

Cooperative Benefits generated in Senegal Basin MWRD –OMVS program (US$ 310 million):

• 3 million LLINs to mitigate malaria effects from the dams;Praziquantel to children against Bilharzia;

• Navigation over 900 km;• Rural electrification along the 1500

km power transmission;• Construction of intakes and

rehabilitation of pumping stations (55, 000 ha irrigation)

• Watershed management in Guinea;• Local level empowerment with NGOs;• Feasibility studies of 4 dams. From local to Regional

Cooperative Benefits generated in Niger Basin WRDSEM (US$ 500 million):

• Institutional reform & strengthening of NBA & its national cells.

• Rehabilitation of Kainji & Jebba HEP 2000MW – connection to Niger &Benin ;

• Feasibility studies of 4 dams (ML, GN, NGR, CMR);

• Watershed management in Guinea and erosion control in Niger;

• Irrigation (34,000ha in Mali, Niger and Benin);

• Development of fisheries in Mali.• Stakeholders empowerment through

Fada Ngurma Forum. From Regional to local

FA

MAURITANIA MALI SENEGAL

Joint Project Agreement

OMVS

Subsidiary Credit Agreements

GUINEA

SAED PDIAMSONADER GENIE-RURAL

PerformanceContracts

Financing Arrangements for the Senegal River Basin Multipurpose Program

Overcoming the financing gap and instrument

33

…..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized approach: multipurpose cascade in SRB

34

…..Technical focus on the most innovative and optimized approach: multipurpose cascade in NRB

Maintain leadership focus: Successful Multipurpose is Good Water Resources Management which is also

Good Politics

• With climate change impacts, multipurpose infrastructure through basin approach can respond to water storage, reduce variability ands optimize various needs (Energy?) through a cascade design;

• Multipurpose infrastructure can provides multiples benefits to nation (s) and stakeholders (win/win);

• Basin organizations provide the tools (institutional and legal); • Shift ways of doing business based on the infrastructure legacy

and basin context;• Project not always gratefully received – understand what is at

stake and communicate;• Action speaks louder than words – What is good for population is

good for politicians ….. good for financing partners; • That, at least, is the theory! ….But move it to practice.

In conclusion

THANK YOU