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Address Forms and

Kinship TermsSociolinguistic

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Group 11

Jeanny Novita Sidupa 1201305105

Desak Inten Dewi 1201305106

Devi Pradnya Putri 1001305022

Annisa Dien Ilmi 1001305023

Swandinayanti 1001305054

Ratih Widyastuti 1001305058

Hanne Pratiwi Chandra 1001305060

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Address Forms

Theory of address forms is concerned with kinshipterms of address.

Terms of address are important linguisticmechanisms by which a speaker's attitude toward,and interpretation of his or her relationship with, aspeaker is reflected

They serve as an indicator of the social relationshipbetween a speaker and a listener in terms of statusand social distance.

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Wardaugh stated that some languages actuallyemploy what we regard as kinship terms for use as

address terms. According to him,kinship system

isa system of describing how people in various partsof the world refer to brother, sister, uncle and so on

The other theory of address forms deals with the

theory concerning the factors that determine thechoice of certain address forms

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Kinds of Address Forms

1. Familiar second person singular pronouns

2. Formal second person singular pronouns

To be able to use these forms appropriately; there aretwo factors to be considered which are power factorand solidarity factor

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Power Factor

1. Power : a vertical relationship between at least twopersons, and it is non-reciprocal in the sense thatboth cannot have power in the same area ofbehavior.

If a speaker breaks the norms of power, it meansthat the speaker regards his/her addressee as

his/her superior, inferior, or equal, although byusual criteria and according to the speakers owncustomary usage

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Solidarity Factor

2. Solidarity : The speaker and the addresseesrelationship are symmetrical or horizontal

If a speaker breaks the norms of solidarity, it meansthat the speaker temporarily thinks of the other as anoutsider or as an intimate, which also means thatsympathy is extended or withdrawn.

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Kinship

Kinship is the most universal and basic of all humanrelationships that refers to the various systems usedin languages to refer to the persons to whom anindividual is related through kinship

There are two basic kinds of kinship ties:

- Based on blood ties that trace descent

- Based on marriage, adoption, or other connections

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Kinship Terminology

Kinship can also refer to a perceived universal principleor category of humans, by which we or our societiesorganize individuals or groups of individuals into social

group, roles, categories, and genealogy.

Family relations can be represented concretely (mother,brother, grandfather) or abstractly after degrees ofrelationship

Many codes of ethics consider the bond of kinship ascreating obligations between the related persons strongerthan those between strangers

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Different languages have different terms forrelationships, and even distinguish differentrelationships

Example : Swedish calls your mothers brothermorbror and your fathers brother farbror,where Danish has onkel for both, and English hasuncle

. (In Latin they were

avunculus

and

patruus.)

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On the other hand, English makes some distinctionsthat other languages do not. Your daughter in lawand your stepdayghter are both your belle-fille inFrench. And according to the EncyclopdiaBritannica, Polynesian languages use the samewords for male and female cousins as for brothersand sisters.

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tan ar gen er-neutraterms

- Sibling = brother or sister (Some dictionaries call twoindividuals siblings if they have one or both parents incommon. This would include the relationships of half

brother and half sister as well as full brother and sister.In this document, use the word sibling in its morerestricted meaning: an individual who has the same twoparents as you.)

- Spouse = husband or wife

- Child = son or daughter (even if an adult)

- Parent = mother or father

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Thank You