ADDITIONAL REFERENCE - USGS · 2011. 5. 23. · Christmas Fort McCoy Yankeetown Fort Meade Vero...
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Eva Oviedo Ocala Tampa Cocoa Geneva DeLand Starke Holder Bartow Stuart Eustis Orlando Holopaw Sanford Bunnell Palatka Arcadia Sebring Jupiter Tavares Altoona Bushnell Hastings Boulogne Callahan Nobleton Lakeland Wauchula Palmdale Leesburg Clermont Umatilla Basinger Kissimmee Lake Mary Macclenny Lake City Williston Inverness Dade City Polk City Avon Park Fort Drum Melbourne Lady Lake Christmas Fort McCoy Yankeetown Fort Meade Vero Beach Frostproof Eau Gallie Titusville Okeechobee Brooksville Pine Castle Kenansville Saint Cloud Winter Park Orange City Lake Butler Gainesville Orange Lake Lake Placid Fort Pierce Cocoa Beach Salt Springs Winter Haven Ormond Beach Jacksonville Daytona Beach Flagler Beach Crescent City St. Augustine Crescent Beach Orange Springs Yeehaw Junction Merritt Island West Palm Beach New Smyrna Beach Fernandina Beach Keystone Heights Lake Panasoffkee Altamonte Springs Green Cove Springs Jacksonville Beach South Ponte Vedra Beach Dunnellon Lake Wales POLK LAKE LEVY MARION PALM BEACH OSCEOLA VOLUSIA HENDRY BREVARD DUVAL CLAY ORANGE PASCO ALACHUA PUTNAM GLADES HIGHLANDS CITRUS BAKER NASSAU HARDEE COLUMBIA MARTIN DESOTO ST LUCIE HILLSBOROUGH ST. JOHNS FLAGLER OKEECHOBEE INDIAN RIVER UNION GILCHRIST SUMTER HERNANDO SEMINOLE BRADFORD CHARLTON CAMDEN WARE Wolf Sink Big Spring Ruth Spring Gum Springs Bugg Spring Blue Spring Wekiva Falls Resort Salt Springs Rock Springs Palm Springs Blue Springs Blue Springs Potter Spring Miami Springs Little Spring Island Spring Apopka Spring Wekiwa Springs Wekiva Springs Silver Springs Messant Spring Gemini Springs Fenney Springs Rainbow Springs Juniper Springs Holiday Springs Crystal Springs Crescent Beach Spring (submarine) Beecher Springs Seminole Springs Homosassa Springs Alexander Springs Sweetwater Springs Green Cove Springs Silver Glen Springs Fern Hammock Springs Ponce De Leon Springs Chassahowitzka Springs Ichetucknee Springs Group Crystal River Spring Group Blue Springs Orange Springs Starbuck Spring Big Blue Spring Sanlando Springs Croaker Hole Spring Sante Fe River Spring Group Ocklawaha River Spring Group Panasoffkee River Spring Group Juniper Creek Tributary Seepage Black Sink Devil's Den Sink Mill Creek Sink East Lake Tohopekaliga Cypress Lake Lake Kissimmee Lake Tohopekaliga St. Johns River Withlacoochee River Lake George Ocklawaha River Lake Griffin Lake Eustis Lake Harris Lake Dora Lake Monroe Lake Harney St. Johns River Blue Cypress Lake Kissimmee River ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF MEXICO Lake Apopka Lake Okeechobee 9 5 7 8 6 8 8 7 6 4 9 1 9 2 1 8 1 9 2 9 5 2 1 5 6 7 4 0 3 3 2 6 1 2 1 1 5 2 2 6 8 9 6 9 7 6 8 7 5 3 7 9 10 42 36 45 38 40 26 76 50 37 45 34 42 34 31 32 33 32 42 65 40 32 41 42 46 38 38 37 33 34 40 28 27 -8 33 41 20 25 48 36 34 32 35 49 35 45 40 38 31 30 35 50 51 51 25 44 39 50 14 53 16 52 52 28 50 57 19 27 52 37 36 25 54 51 30 27 53 45 37 48 54 54 36 56 35 28 29 53 57 38 52 56 25 62 67 67 23 44 27 14 37 70 79 80 17 77 14 12 39 53 32 56 26 79 72 43 17 41 59 66 22 32 74 75 40 69 77 19 39 50 15 11 48 42 22 52 21 17 10 42 50 50 10 25 26 47 25 47 42 29 10 24 41 18 15 21 15 18 21 43 14 47 41 14 21 21 21 26 40 46 39 41 36 22 31 22 22 16 39 34 39 45 34 13 41 -3 33 51 33 39 17 40 47 32 26 38 35 50 16 42 46 34 43 43 15 34 49 18 40 37 44 16 10 44 45 23 35 49 43 40 17 24 25 31 35 44 10 18 50 27 20 43 47 14 54 54 34 22 21 45 44 59 38 34 24 16 61 39 19 60 15 38 10 44 15 46 11 29 48 36 32 64 37 28 39 62 37 67 51 16 13 37 28 19 57 50 53 72 77 71 54 74 44 72 33 72 34 37 16 16 76 58 13 30 71 81 34 82 36 71 42 43 29 78 54 31 75 95 11 79 31 47 10 85 75 14 12 86 63 45 12 91 85 75 47 93 33 40 63 10 12 21 31 82 16 59 52 56 19 31 32 32 21 59 42 42 48 26 75 15 26 13 47 13 75 75 38 73 14 13 64 13 12 59 67 30 24 28 59 52 18 53 30 20 50 17 36 58 60 66 41 83 66 23 60 99 40 75 39 71 34 36 33 51 58 59 88 65 43 25 76 42 57 71 36 58 63 96 33 45 55 56 26 35 89 78 39 56 87 38 38 52 46 65 81 69 37 88 89 88 85 88 47 82 84 80 27 79 38 65 65 29 81 36 34 39 53 53 37 55 44 91 31 93 98 39 50 52 31 38 77 93 36 40 79 50 78 51 42 40 58 77 39 38 50 73 77 75 41 39 47 49 40 32 28 38 68 29 31 82 31 37 27 43 79 40 30 31 35 36 77 44 45 35 32 28 38 51 38 43 44 65 40 37 44 45 49 44 48 44 47 44 43 48 47 46 46 47 100 107 112 105 121 124 122 123 123 124 112 117 106 111 5 49 59 76 76 55 76 22 27 50 13 17 30 68 34 48 13 19 39 54 43 15 34 31 44 99 47 48 63 65 61 62 69 68 57 73 0 10 30 40 40 30 50 10 10 20 30 10 10 30 20 40 50 40 30 10 0 30 30 70 20 30 40 20 50 20 10 60 20 10 40 40 30 40 80 40 20 30 10 50 60 30 20 50 30 20 40 50 60 70 60 70 10 20 30 40 60 40 30 40 20 40 50 30 10 20 70 10 50 20 60 30 120 50 60 0 40 60 50 40 90 30 70 110 80 100 90 30 60 30 80 50 FLORIDA GEORGIA MAP AREA SFWMD SWFWMD SJRWMD SRWMD N U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Prepared in cooperation with ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3091 Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon, 2009, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2009 Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983 State Plane Florida East projection, NAD 1983 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER IN THE ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT AND VICINITY, FLORIDA, MAY 2009 By Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon 2009 This report is available online at http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pubs/ 83°00' 82°00' 80°00' 81°00' 31°00' 31°00' 30°00' 30°00' 29°00' 29°00' 28°00' 28°00' 27°00' 27°00' 80°00' 81°00' 82°00' 83°00' 80°30' 31°30' 30°30' 28°30' 27°30' 26°30' 80°30' 81°30' 82°30' 26°30' 27°30' 28°30' 29°30' 30°30' 82°30' 81°30' INTRODUCTION This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2009. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 625 wells during the period May 14 – May 29, near the end of the dry season. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours. SUMMARY OF HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS ADDITIONAL REFERENCE Long-term hydrographs of ground-water levels for continuous and periodic wells are available at internet site: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/gw Measured values of the potentiometric surface ranged from 8 feet below NGVD29 near Fernandina Beach, Florida, to 124 feet above NGVD29 in Polk County, Florida. The average water level of the network in May 2009 was about 4 feet lower than the average in September 2008 following below-average rainfall during the dry season of 2008-09. Seasonal differences in network average water levels generally range from 4 to 6 feet. For 575 wells with previous measurements, May 2009 levels ranged from about 19 feet below to about 10 feet above September 2008 water levels. The observed near-average seasonal difference following such an extreme dry season could be the result of reduced pumping, and subsequent rebounding of the potentiometric surface, in response to a widespread and record setting rainfall event (May 18 – 22, 2009). During the time that the majority of water levels were measured, most of the study area received at least 4 inches of rainfall with 8-12 inches of rain falling across most of east-central and northeast Florida. Nearly 20 inches of rain was recorded at Daytona Beach. Prior to that event, rainfall deficits across the study area ranged from 20-80% below the 30-year average. The average water level of the network in May 2009 was less than 1 foot higher than the average in May 2008. Water-levels in east-central and northeast Florida were about the same or higher than those measured in May 2008, whereas the water levels in west-central Florida tended to be lower (Figure 1). For 480 wells with previous measurements, May 2008 levels ranged from about 8 feet below to about 17 feet above May 2008 water levels. Figure 1. Change in potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer from May 2008 to May 2009 in northeast-central Florida. Positive values indicate an increase in water-level altitudes. Negative values indicate a decrease in water-level altitudes. 29°30' EXPLANATION CHANGE IN THE POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE, FROM MAY 2008 TO MAY 2009, IN FEET 0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles 0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers <= -5.00 -4.99 to 0.00 > 0.00 to 4.99 5.00 to 9.99 >= 10.00 NOTE: The potentiometric contours are generalized on a regional scale to portray water levels in a dynamic hydrolgic system taking due account of the variations in hydrogeologic conditions such as well-depth differences, non-simultaneous measurements of water levels, variable effects of pumping, and changing climatic infulence. The potentiometric contours, thus, may not conform exactly with individual measurements of water level. EXPLANATION POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR -- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Hatchures indicate depressions. Contour intervals 10 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD29. Dashed where inferred STATE WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOUNDARY SJRWMD -- St. Johns River Water Management District SRWMD -- Suwannee River Water Management District SFWMD -- South Florida Water Management District SWFWMD -- Southwest Florida Water Management District SURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 SURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 UNSURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 UNSURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29 SINKHOLE -- Surface collapse feature exposing the Upper Floridan aquifer. Where measured, number is altitude of water level in feet above NGVD29 FLOWING BOREHOLE SPRING -- Line indicates direction of spring outflow 37 31 40 50 38 42 0 10 20 30 Miles 0 10 20 30 Kilometers
Transcript of ADDITIONAL REFERENCE - USGS · 2011. 5. 23. · Christmas Fort McCoy Yankeetown Fort Meade Vero...
Eva
Oviedo
Ocala
Tampa
Cocoa
Geneva
DeLand
Starke
Holder
Bartow
Stuart
Eustis
Orlando
Holopaw
Sanford
Bunnell
Palatka
Arcadia
Sebring
Jupiter
Tavares
Altoona
Bushnell
Hastings
Boulogne
Callahan
Nobleton
Lakeland
Wauchula
Palmdale
Leesburg
Clermont
Umatilla
Basinger
Kissimmee
Lake Mary
Macclenny
Lake City
Williston
Inverness
Dade City
Polk City
Avon Park
Fort Drum
Melbourne
Lady Lake
Christmas
Fort McCoy
Yankeetown
Fort Meade
Vero Beach
Frostproof
Eau Gallie
Titusville
Okeechobee
Brooksville
Pine Castle
Kenansville
Saint Cloud
Winter Park
Orange City
Lake Butler
Gainesville
Orange Lake
Lake
Placid
Fort Pierce
Cocoa Beach
Salt Springs
Winter Haven
Ormond Beach
Jacksonville
Daytona Beach
Flagler Beach
CrescentCity
St. Augustine
Crescent Beach
Orange Springs
Yeehaw
Junction
Merritt
Island
West Palm Beach
New Smyrna Beach
Fernandina Beach
Keystone Heights
Lake Panasoffkee
Altamonte Springs
Green Cove Springs
JacksonvilleBeach
South Ponte Vedra Beach
Dunnellon
Lake Wales
POLK
LAKE
LEVY
MARION
PALM BEACH
OSCEOLA
VOLUSIA
HENDRY
BREVARD
DUVAL
CLAY
ORANGE
PASCO
ALACHUA PUTNAM
GLADES
HIGHLANDS
CITRUS
BAKER
NASSAU
HARDEE
COLUMBIA
MARTIN
DESOTO
ST LUCIE
HILLSBOROUGH
ST. JOHNS
FLAGLER
OKEECHOBEE
INDIAN RIVER
UNION
GILCHRIST
SUMTER
HERNANDOSEMINOLE
BRADFORD
CHARLTONCAMDEN
WARE
Wolf Sink
Big Spring
Ruth Spring
Gum Springs
Bugg Spring
Blue Spring
Wekiva Falls Resort
Salt Springs
Rock Springs
Palm Springs
Blue Springs
Blue Springs
Potter Spring
Miami Springs
Little Spring
Island Spring
Apopka Spring
Wekiwa Springs
Wekiva Springs
Silver Springs
Messant Spring
Gemini SpringsFenney Springs
Rainbow Springs
Juniper Springs
Holiday Springs
Crystal Springs
Crescent Beach Spring (submarine)
Beecher Springs
Seminole SpringsHomosassa
Springs
Alexander Springs
Sweetwater Springs
Green Cove Springs
Silver Glen Springs
Fern Hammock Springs
Ponce De Leon Springs
Chassahowitzka Springs
Ichetucknee Springs Group
Crystal River Spring Group
Blue Springs
Orange Springs
Starbuck Spring
Big Blue Spring
Sanlando Springs
Croaker Hole Spring
Sante Fe River Spring Group
Ocklawaha River Spring Group
Panasoffkee River
Spring Group
Juniper Creek Tributary Seepage
Black Sink
Devil's Den
Sink
Mill Creek Sink
East Lake Tohopekaliga
Cypress Lake
Lake Kissimmee
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FLORIDA
GEORGIA
MAP AREA
SFWMD
SWFWMD
SJRWMD
SRWMD
N
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Prepared in cooperation with
ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTSOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3091
Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon, 2009, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2009
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983State Plane Florida East projection, NAD 1983 POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER IN THE ST. JOHNS RIVER
WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT AND VICINITY, FLORIDA, MAY 2009By
Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon2009
This report is available online athttp://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/pubs/
83°00' 82°00' 80°00'81°00'
31°00'31°00'
30°00'30°00'
29°00'29°00'
28°00'28°00'
27°00'27°00'
80°00'81°00'82°00'83°00'
80°30'
31°30'
30°30'
28°30'
27°30'
26°30'
80°30'81°30'82°30'
26°30'
27°30'
28°30'
29°30'
30°30'
82°30' 81°30'
INTRODUCTIONThis map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2009. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 625 wells during the period May 14 – May 29, near the end of the dry season. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow.
Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.
SUMMARY OF HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL REFERENCELong-term hydrographs of ground-water levels for continuous and periodic wells are available at internet site: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/gw
Measured values of the potentiometric surface ranged from 8 feet below NGVD29 near Fernandina Beach, Florida, to 124 feet above NGVD29 in Polk County, Florida. The average water level of the network in May 2009 was about 4 feet lower than the average in September 2008 following below-average rainfall during the dry season of 2008-09. Seasonal differences in network average water levels generally range from 4 to 6 feet. For 575 wells with previous measurements, May 2009 levels ranged from about 19 feet below to about 10 feet above September 2008 water levels.
The observed near-average seasonal difference following such an extreme dry season could be the result of reduced pumping, and subsequent rebounding of the potentiometric surface, in response to a widespread and record setting rainfall event (May 18 – 22, 2009). During the time that the majority of water levels were measured, most of the study area received at least 4 inches of rainfall with 8-12 inches of rain falling across most of east-central and northeast Florida. Nearly 20 inches of rain was recorded at Daytona Beach. Prior to that event, rainfall deficits across the study area ranged from 20-80% below the 30-year average.
The average water level of the network in May 2009 was less than 1 foot higher than the average in May 2008.
Water-levels in east-central and northeast Florida were about the same or higher than those measured in May 2008, whereas the water levels in west-central Florida tended to be lower (Figure 1). For 480 wells with previous measurements, May 2008 levels ranged from about 8 feet below to about 17 feet above May 2008 water levels.
Figure 1. Change in potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer from May 2008 to May 2009 in northeast-central Florida. Positive values indicate an increase in water-level altitudes. Negative values indicate a decrease in water-level altitudes.
29°30'
EXPLANATION
CHANGE IN THE POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE, FROM MAY 2008 TO MAY 2009,
IN FEET
0 10 20 30 40 50 Miles
0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers
<= -5.00
-4.99 to 0.00
> 0.00 to 4.99
5.00 to 9.99
>= 10.00
NOTE: The potentiometric contours are generalized on a regional scale to portray water levels in a dynamic hydrolgic system taking due account of the variations in hydrogeologic conditions such as well-depth differences,non-simultaneous measurements of water levels, variable effects of pumping, and changing climatic infulence. The potentiometric contours, thus, may not conform exactly with individual measurements of water level.
EXPLANATIONPOTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR -- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Hatchures indicate depressions. Contour intervals 10 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD29. Dashed where inferred
STATE WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOUNDARY SJRWMD -- St. Johns River Water Management District SRWMD -- Suwannee River Water Management District SFWMD -- South Florida Water Management District SWFWMD -- Southwest Florida Water Management District
SURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
SURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
UNSURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
UNSURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
SINKHOLE -- Surface collapse feature exposing the Upper Floridan aquifer. Where measured, number is altitude of water level in feet above NGVD29
FLOWING BOREHOLE
SPRING -- Line indicates direction of spring outflow
37
31
40
50
38
42
0 10 20 30 Miles
0 10 20 30 Kilometers
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